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Effects Of Self Stereotyping And Stereotype Threat On Intellectual Performance
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Book Synopsis Effects of Self-stereotyping and Stereotype Threat on Intellectual Performance by : Clarence Vincent Spicer
Download or read book Effects of Self-stereotyping and Stereotype Threat on Intellectual Performance written by Clarence Vincent Spicer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stereotype Threat by : Michael Inzlicht
Download or read book Stereotype Threat written by Michael Inzlicht and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century has brought with it unparalleled levels of diversity in the classroom and the workforce. It is now common to see in elementary school, high school, and university classrooms, not to mention boardrooms and factory floors, a mixture of ethnicities, races, genders, and religious affiliations. But these changes in academic and economic opportunities have not directly translated into an elimination of group disparities in academic performance, career opportunities, and levels of advancement. Standard explanations for these disparities, which are vehemently debated in the scientific community and popular press, range from the view that women and minorities are genetically endowed with inferior abilities to the view that members of these demographic groups are products of environments that frustrate the development of the skills needed for success. Although these explanations differ along a continuum of nature vs. nurture, they share in common a presumption that a large chunk of our population lacks the potential to achieve academic and career success.In contrast to intractable factors like biology or upbringing, the research summarized in this book suggests that factors in one's immediate situation play a critical yet underappreciated role in temporarily suppressing the intellectual performance of women and minorities, creating an illusion of group differences in ability. Research conducted over the course of the last fifteen years suggests the mere existence of cultural stereotypes that assert the intellectual inferiority of these groups creates a threatening intellectual environment for stigmatized individuals - a climate where anything they say or do is interpreted through the lens of low expectations. This stereotype threat can ultimately interfere with intellectual functioning and academic engagement, setting the stage for later differences in educational attainment, career choice, and job advancement.
Book Synopsis When I'm 64 by : National Research Council
Download or read book When I'm 64 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.
Book Synopsis Whistling Vivaldi by : Claude Steele
Download or read book Whistling Vivaldi written by Claude Steele and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the role of what the author calls identity contingencies in the lives of individuals and in society as a whole, focusing on stereotype threat, arguing that people who believe they may be judged based on a bad stereotype do not perform as well, and showing how to overcome the problem.
Book Synopsis Working Memory Capacity by : Nelson Cowan
Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Book Synopsis Exploring Stereotype Threat and Stereotype Boost: The Impact of Manner of Stereotype Activation by : Fanny Jimenez
Download or read book Exploring Stereotype Threat and Stereotype Boost: The Impact of Manner of Stereotype Activation written by Fanny Jimenez and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2006-09-22 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Psychology - Social Psychology, grade: wird in USA nicht bewertet, Indiana University (Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences), language: English, abstract: The concept of stereotype threat (Steele & Aronson, 1995) has received considerable attention in the past few years. In several studies, Steele and his colleagues took a close look at the influence that negative stereotypes can have on individuals in performance-related situations. As a reaction to the initial concept, the research also extended to other phenomena related to stereotype threat, such as the influence of positive stereotypes in performance-related situations. However, this investigation of the other side of stereotype threat and further studies that have been done regarding stereotype threat in general resulted in contradicting findings. My thesis presents a focused review of the available literature first. This is done to provide a basis for the conceptual framework Shih and colleagues proposed (Shih, Ambady, Richeson, Fujita & Gray, 2002). Their work integrates the conflicting findings and suggests two possible factors that might regulate the effects that positive and negative stereotypes have on people: selfrelevance and the manner of stereotype activation. In my study, I tested this framework in replicating and critically evaluating the study Shih et al. (2002) have conducted. The results and implications for future research are presented.
Book Synopsis Stereotype Threat, Stereotype Obligation, and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans and European Americans by : Bryant Thomas Marks
Download or read book Stereotype Threat, Stereotype Obligation, and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans and European Americans written by Bryant Thomas Marks and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risky and Careful Processing Under Stereotype Threat by : Beate Seibt
Download or read book Risky and Careful Processing Under Stereotype Threat written by Beate Seibt and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men can't listen and women can't drive are just two of the many negative stereotypes about groups frequently encountered in our societies. And of course we would like to dismiss them as irrelevant and unfair and stop thinking about them. However, recent research suggests that in test situations, negative stereotypes sometimes act as self-fulfilling prophecies. The prevailing explanation is that the stereotype poses a threat to the individual and thereby induces anxiety. Drawing on Regulatory Focus Theory, the present work offers an alternative account: It is argued that positive stereotypes induce a state of eagerness (promotion focus) and that negative stereotypes induce a state of vigilance (prevention focus). Accordingly, the present findings indicate that when people are told their group can't perform a task well, they work more slowly but more cautiously, to try to make fewer mistakes. Conversely, when told their group performs well, people are fast but not very thorough. The research further shows that even a stereotype generally dismissed as untrue such as that of the "dumb blond" can affect a woman's confidence in her own ability. It is concluded that performance on tasks calling for vigilant strategies can even be improved by activated negative stereotypes, or, generally speaking, that the effect of stereotypes on performance depends on the task demands. The present findings are compared to those examining anxiety as a potential mediator of stereotype threat effects.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Emotion, Social Cognition, and Problem Solving in Adulthood by : Paul Verhaeghen
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Emotion, Social Cognition, and Problem Solving in Adulthood written by Paul Verhaeghen and published by Oxford Library of Psychology. This book was released on 2014 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxford Library Of Psychology --
Book Synopsis Self, Identity, and Social Movements by : Sheldon Stryker
Download or read book Self, Identity, and Social Movements written by Sheldon Stryker and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging psychology and sociology, this volume demonstrates the importance of self, identity, and self-esteem in analyzing and understanding social movements. The scholars gathered here provide a cohesive picture of how self and identity bear on social movement recruitment, activism, and maintenance. The result is a timely contribution to the social movements literature and to a greater understanding of the social and psychological forces at work within them.
Book Synopsis The Message Within by : Herbert Bless
Download or read book The Message Within written by Herbert Bless and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This provocative book provides the first comprehensive and informative overview of the role of various subjective experiences in social cognition and behavior, and argues that the study of such experiences may be one of the key unifying themes of social psychology. Based on recent theoretical and empirical developments in the discipline, this select group of leading international researchers surveys extensive evidence and shows that subjective experiences play a key role in most aspects of social cognition and social behavior. The book contains five main sections, discussing the role of subjective experiences in social information processing (Part 1), their influence on memory (Part 2) and their role in intergroup contexts (Part 3). The role of affective experiences in social thinking and behavior is analyzed (Part 4), and the influence of subjective experiences on the development and change of attitudes and stereotypes is also addressed (Part 5).
Download or read book Prejudice written by Janet K. Swim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-05-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prejudice: The Target's Perspective turns the tables on the way prejudice has been looked at in the past. Almost all of the current information on prejudice focuses on the person holding prejudiced beliefs. This book, however, provides the first summary of research focusing on the intended victims of prejudice. Divided into three sections, the first part discusses how people identify prejudice, what types of prejudice they encounter, and how people react to this prejudice in interpersonal and intergroup settings. The second section discusses the effect of prejudice on task performance, assessment of ones own abilities, self-esteem, and stress. The final section examines how people cope with prejudice, including a discussion of coping mechanisms, reporting sexual harassment, and how identity is related to effective coping. Includes an introduction, the consequences of prejudice, and how to cope with prejudice The editors are top researchers in the field of prejudice All the contributors are major figures in the social psychological analysis of intergroup relationships
Book Synopsis Whistling Vivaldi: And Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us (Issues of Our Time) by : Claude M. Steele
Download or read book Whistling Vivaldi: And Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us (Issues of Our Time) written by Claude M. Steele and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acclaimed social psychologist offers an insider’s look at his research and groundbreaking findings on stereotypes and identity. Claude M. Steele, who has been called “one of the few great social psychologists,” offers a vivid first-person account of the research that supports his groundbreaking conclusions on stereotypes and identity. He sheds new light on American social phenomena from racial and gender gaps in test scores to the belief in the superior athletic prowess of black men, and lays out a plan for mitigating these “stereotype threats” and reshaping American identities.
Book Synopsis Motivational Science by : Edward Tory Higgins
Download or read book Motivational Science written by Edward Tory Higgins and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A current collection of articles that define the field of motivational science.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on Bias in Mental Testing by : Cecil Reynolds
Download or read book Perspectives on Bias in Mental Testing written by Cecil Reynolds and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cultural-test-bias hypothesis is one of the most important scien tific questions facing psychology today. Briefly, the cultural-test-bias hypothesis contends that all observed group differences in mental test scores are due to a built-in cultural bias of the tests themselves; that is, group score differences are an artifact of current psychomet ric methodology. If the cultural-test-bias hypothesis is ultimately shown to be correct, then the 100 years or so of psychological research on human differences (or differential psychology, the sci entific discipline underlying all applied areas of human psychology including clinical, counseling, school, and industrial psychology) must be reexamined and perhaps dismissed as confounded, contam inated, or otherwise artifactual. In order to continue its existence as a scientific discipline, psychology must confront the cultural-test-bias hypothesis from the solid foundations of data and theory and must not allow the resolution of this issue to occur solely within (and to be determined by) the political Zeitgeist of the times or any singular work, no matter how comprehensive. In his recent volume Bias in Mental Testing (New York: Free Press, 1980), Arthur Jensen provided a thorough review of most of the empirical research relevant to the evaluation of cultural bias in psychological and educational tests that was available at the time that his book was prepared. Nevertheless, Jensen presented only one per spective on those issues in a volume intended not only for the sci entific community but for intelligent laypeople as well.
Book Synopsis Interpersonal Sensitivity by : Judith A. Hall
Download or read book Interpersonal Sensitivity written by Judith A. Hall and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpersonal sensitivity refers to the accuracy and/or appropriateness of perceptions, judgments, and responses we have with respect to one another. It is relevant to nearly all aspects of social relations and has long been studied by social, personality, and clinical psychologists. Until now, however, no systematic or comprehensive treatment of this complex concept has been attempted. In this volume the major theorists and researchers of interpersonal sensitivity describe their approaches both critically and integratively. Specific tests and methods are presented and evaluated. The authors address issues ranging from the practical to the broadly theoretical and discuss future challenges. Topics include sensitivity to deception, emotion, personality, and other personal characteristics; empathy; the status of self-reports; dyadic interaction procedures; lens model approaches; correlational and categorical measurement approaches; thin-slice and variance partitioning methodologies; and others. This volume offers the single most comprehensive treatment to date of this widely acknowledged but often vaguely operationalized and communicated social competency.
Book Synopsis Improving Academic Achievement by : Joshua Aronson
Download or read book Improving Academic Achievement written by Joshua Aronson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-04-15 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, authors discuss research and theory on the social psychological forces that shape academic achievement. A key focus is to show how psychological principles can be used to foster achievement and make schooling a more enjoyable process. Topics are highly relevant to both social and educational psychology, with discussions of core concepts such as intelligence, motivation, self-esteem and self-concept, expectations and attributions, prejudice, and interpersonal and intergroup relations.
