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Effects Of Root Media And Control Agents On Propagule Formation And Survival Of Phytophthora Cinnamomi Rands And Root Rot Of Azaleas Caused By Phytophthora Cinnamomi
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Book Synopsis Effects of Root Media and Control Agents on Propagule Formation and Survival of Phytophthora Cinnamomi Rands and Root Rot of Azaleas Caused by Phytophthora Cinnamomi by : Saranananda Kularatne
Download or read book Effects of Root Media and Control Agents on Propagule Formation and Survival of Phytophthora Cinnamomi Rands and Root Rot of Azaleas Caused by Phytophthora Cinnamomi written by Saranananda Kularatne and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Efficacy of Water Soluble Silicon for Control of Phytophthora Cinnamomi Root Rot of Avocado by : Theo Frederik Bekker
Download or read book Efficacy of Water Soluble Silicon for Control of Phytophthora Cinnamomi Root Rot of Avocado written by Theo Frederik Bekker and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the current study potassium silicate (20.7% SiO2) induced a 100% inhibition of P. cinnamomi mycelial growth at all concentrations tested. Total inhibition for all fungi tested (Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Glomerella cingulata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Mucor pusillus, Natrassia sp., Pestalotiopsis maculans, Phomopsis perniciosa, Phytophthora capsicii, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium F-group, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Stemphylium herbarum and Verticillium tricorpus) was attained at a concentration of 40ml.l-1 and higher. Although the high pH of potassium silicate solutions does contribute to the inhibition of fungal growth, the inhibitory effect of potassium silicate on fungal growth in vitro is mostly fungicidal rather than attributed to a pH effect. Phytophthora root rot of avocado nursery trees can be inhibited successfully by potassium silicate application. The effectiveness of potassium silicate application depends however on the repetition of applications. These findings are of paramount importance as this implies that potassium silicate may be a alternative control measure to inhibit the effects of P. cinnamomi on avocado nursery trees. Silicon either stimulates plant growth or imparts some form of protection to avocado roots if applied prior to P. cinnamomi inoculation. Potassium silicate applied as a soil drench resulted in higher root densities compared to that of potassium phosphonate (Avoguard) injections and untreated control trees. Reapplication again resulted in the best disease suppression and stimulation of new root growth. These results correlated well with tree canopy ratings, as trees that received silicon frequently, showed better canopy conditions compared to the untreated control treatments. Potassium silicate application leads to effective inhibition of Phytophthora cinnamomi infection in avocado orchards. Potassium silicate application resulted in an increase of crude phenols and phenolic polymers in avocado roots cells to similar levels to that obtained in roots from potassium phosphonate (Avoguard) treated trees. Potassium silicate application leads to lower cell wall bound phenolics. The results of the current study support the hypothesis that silicon application, through an elevation of the total phenolic levels, causes an increase of resistance against P. cinnamomi root rot in avocados. AFRIKAANS : Kaliumsilikaat (20.7% SiO2) induseer 'n 100% inhibisie van P. cinnamomi groei by alle getoetste konsentrasies. Totale inhibisie van alle swamme getoets (Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Glomerella cingulata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Mucor pusillus, Natrassia sp., Pestalotiopsis maculans, Phomopsis perniciosa, Phytophthora capsicii, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium F-groep, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Stemphylium herbarum en Verticillium tricorpus) was verkry by 'n konsentrasie van 40ml.l-1 en ho? r. Alhoewel die ho? pH van kaliumsilikaat wel 'n inhiberende uitwerking het op swamgroei, is die suksesvolle inhibisie van swamgroei grootliks toe te skryf aan die swamwerende effek van kaliumsilikaat op swamgroei in vitro eerder as 'n pH effek. Phytophthora wortelvrot van avokado kwekelinge kan suksesvol onderdruk word met kaliumsilikaat toediening. Die effektiwiteit van die toediening hang wel af van die hertoediening daarvan. Hierdie bevindinge is van kardinale belang aangesien dit impliseer dat kalium silikaat 'n alternatiewe beheer middel is om Phytophthora wortelvrot te inhibeer in avokado kwekelinge. Of silikon stimuleer plant groei, of dit induseer 'n vorm van beskerming in avokado wortels voor infeksie plaasvind. Kaliumsilikaat toediening as 'n grond-benatter lei tot ho? r worteldigthede in vergelyking met kaliumfosfaat (Avoguard) staminspuitings en onbehandelde kontrole bome. Hertoediening lewer die beste resultate, maar drie toedienings per seisoen is voldoende. Worteldigdheid verhoging na silikaat toedienings korreleer goed met blaredak gesondheid, aangesien bome wat gereeld behandel is met silikon beter blaredekking getoon het in vergelyking met die kontrole bome. Kaliumsilikaat toediening lei to effektiewe inhibisie van Phytophthora cinnamomi infeksie in avokado boorde. Kaliumsilikaat toediening lei tot 'n toename in totale fenole en fenoliese polimere in avokado wortel selle tot soortgelyke vlakke soos gevind in avokado weefsel vanaf kaliumfosfaat behandelde bome. terselfdertyd lei silikaat toediening tot laer selwand gebinde fenole. Hierdie resultate ondersteun die hipotese dat kaliumsilikaat toediening, deur die verhoging van oplosbare fenole in avokado wortelselle, die plant se weerstand verhoog, en die effek wat Phytophthora wortelvrot het op avokado plante inhibeer. Copyright.
Book Synopsis Studying the Interaction Between Phytophthora Cinnamomi and Persea Americana Using Gene Expression Profiling and Pathogen Quantification by : Juanita Engelbrecht
Download or read book Studying the Interaction Between Phytophthora Cinnamomi and Persea Americana Using Gene Expression Profiling and Pathogen Quantification written by Juanita Engelbrecht and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a popular and nutritious crop and of great importance to the global fruit industry. One of the major problems encountered is the susceptibility of avocado trees to Phytophthora root rot (PRR) caused by the soil-born oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Control is achieved through an integrated control strategy that consists of mulching, chemical control in the form of phosphite injections and the use of resistant rootstocks. Emphasis is now placed on the use of resistant rootstock varieties to combat this devastating disease. Avocado breeding programmes around the world have provided growers with a selection of highly tolerant rootstocks such as Duke 7 and Dusa®. Despite the availability of tolerant material it has not yet been established why certain rootstocks display high levels of tolerance against P. cinnamomi and others not. Selecting resistant rootstocks is a time consuming process that can take up to 25 years. Due to the lack of research on the avocado/Phytophthora interaction, the aim of this dissertation was i) to establish a pathogenicity system that could be used to study the interaction ii) to investigate the expression profiles of selected defense-associated genes from five avocado rootstocks upon P. cinnamomi infection and lastly to develop an assay that could detect P. cinnamomi in planta that could be applied to aid in the selection process of tolerant avocado varieties. Chapter 1 entitled Plant defense mechanisms against Phytophthora provides an overview of plant defense responses against Phytophthora and where possible specifically against P. cinnamomi. General plant defense concepts including pathogen triggered immunity and specific effector triggered immunity is discussed. Both these immune responses are linked to other key players that regulate specific signalling pathways in order to achieve an effective defense response. Mechanisms involved in defense that are discussed include cell wall reinforcements, production of ion fluxes and ROS species, MAPK and phosphorylation cascades, rapid induction of defense genes, accumulation of defense-related proteins including phytoalexins and PR proteins which all negatively affect colonization of potential pathogens. Chapter 2 reports on the establishment of two reliable small plant inoculation systems for studying plant disease development in the greenhouse followed by subsequent molecular studies. Briefly a hydroponics system was evaluated to allow easy access to root material for RNA extractions followed by quantitative PCR and the second solid system was evaluated using perlite and vermiculite as growth substrates to assess disease development and severity in three avocado rootstocks with varying levels of resistance to PRR. In Chapter 3 the role of seven defense related genes were investigated in five avocado rootstocks after infection with P. cinnamomi. The expression of each individual gene was assessed over seven time points ranging from 0 to 72 hours using quantitative RT-PCR. Data were analyzed statistically to highlight differences amongst the five rootstocks with respect to their gene expression against the pathogen. Chapter 4 describes the development of a nested quantitative PCR that quantifies P. cinnamomi in planta in two avocado rootstocks displaying different levels of tolerance against this soil-borne oomycete. A nested primer set was developed for the Lpv gene that resulted in a P. cinnamomi – specific, sensitive assay that can be utilized to assess rootstock tolerance. The thesis concludes with a discussion (Chapter 5) on all the data generated during the course of this study, our findings and recommendations.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Plant Diseases by : George B. Lucas
Download or read book Introduction to Plant Diseases written by George B. Lucas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year we see a remarkable increase in scientific knowledge. We are learning more each day about the world around us, about the numerous biological organisms of the biosphere, about the physical and chemical processes that shaped and continue to change our planet. The cataloging, retrieval, dissemination, and use of this new information along with the continued development of new computer technology provide some of the most challenging problems in science as we enter the Information Age. With the explosion of knowledge in science, it is especially important that students in introductory courses learn not only the basic material of a subject, but also about the newest developments in that subject. With this goal in mind, we have prepared a second edition of Introduction to Plant Diseases: Identification and Management. We prepared this edition with the same general purpose that we had for the first edition - to provide practical, up-to-date information that helps in the successful management of diseases on food, fiber, and landscape plants for students who do not have a strong background in the biological sciences. We included new information on (1) the precise identification of diseases and the pathogens that cause them, (2) the development of epidemics of plant diseases, (3) the application of biotechnology in plant pathology, (4) the use of alternative methods of crop production and disease management that help protect the environment, and (5) diseases that have become more important since the first edition was published.
Book Synopsis IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern U. S. Nursery Production by : Matthew Chappell
Download or read book IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern U. S. Nursery Production written by Matthew Chappell and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern US Nursery Production Volume II is the third book released by the Southern Nursery Integrated Pest Management Working Group (SNIPM). The first two books are available for download as chapter .pdf files at http://wiki.bugwood.org/SNIPM and as an eBook from the iTunes Bookstore https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/ipm-for-select-deciduous-trees/id541182125?mt=11 and https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/ipm-for-shrubs-in southeastern/id903114207?mt=11
Book Synopsis Handbook of Florists' Crops Diseases by : Robert J. McGovern
Download or read book Handbook of Florists' Crops Diseases written by Robert J. McGovern and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diseases of Woody Ornamentals and Trees in Nurseries by : Ronald Klair Jones
Download or read book Diseases of Woody Ornamentals and Trees in Nurseries written by Ronald Klair Jones and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 2001 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extension agents from around the country offer practical, informative articles addressing the diseases of crops grown in nurseries. Some introductory pieces address abiotic and biotic causes of disease and eleven general diseases such as Botrytis blight and Verticillium wilt. The diseases to which 64 shade trees, shrubs, ground covers, and subtropical ornamentals are susceptible are then discussed in detail, along with methods for the diseases' control. The remaining 17 articles address aspects of disease management, from an introduction to the management of infectious plant diseases in the nursery to tissue culture of woody plants and regulatory control issues. c. Book News Inc.
Book Synopsis Compendium of Rhododendron and Azalea Diseases and Pests by : Robert G. Linderman
Download or read book Compendium of Rhododendron and Azalea Diseases and Pests written by Robert G. Linderman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies of Club-root by : Gilbert C. Cunningham
Download or read book Studies of Club-root written by Gilbert C. Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Principles of Nematology by : Gerald Thorne
Download or read book Principles of Nematology written by Gerald Thorne and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical, the role of plant parasitic nematodes in agriculture, methods of controlling nematodes, experimental techniques, training suggestions for nematologists; Collecting soil and plant material. Processing soil and plant material; Microscopic techniques. Preparation of permanent microscopic slides, morphology of nematodes, identifying nematodes, describing a new species; Classification of the phylum nemata. Outline of order tylenchida; Tylenchinae: genera tylenchus, tylenchorlynchus, tetylendrus, psilenchus, macrotrophurus, and trophurus; Genera ditylenchus and pseudhalenchus; Genus anguina; Subfamily hoplolaiminae; Subfamily pratylenchinae. Genera of uncertain position; Family neotylenchidae; Family heteroderidae. Genus heterodera; Generameloidogyne and meloidodera; Family criconematidae; Family tylenchulidae; Superfamily aphelenchoidea; Order rhabditida: families rhabditidae, cephalobidae; Miscellaneous representatives of class adenophorea.
Download or read book Group Growers written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Evaluating Pesticides for Control of Plant Pathogens by : Society of Nematologists
Download or read book Methods for Evaluating Pesticides for Control of Plant Pathogens written by Society of Nematologists and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1986 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory and greenhouse procedures. Field test procedures for: fruit and nut crops, vegetable crops, field crops, ornamentals and turfgrasses, seed treatments, tree injection, soil treatments. Nematicide test procedures.
Book Synopsis Herbaceous Perennial Plants by : Allan M. Armitage
Download or read book Herbaceous Perennial Plants written by Allan M. Armitage and published by Quarto Publishing Group USA. This book was released on 2008-05-01 with total page 1480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the comprehensive—and entertaining—gardening reference by the master horticulturalist. This is the long-awaited third edition of Allan Armitage’s masterpiece on garden perennials. Armitage’s extensive traveling, teaching, and trialing experiences provide a depth of understanding of the best ornamental perennials for North American gardens unparalleled by any other garden writer. One of the most definitive and conclusive books written about perennials, the first edition was designated as one of the best seventy-five books written in the last seventy-five years by the American Horticulture Society. Now the third edition of “The Big Perennial Book” (as it is fondly referred to by many practitioners) describes 3,600 species in 1224 pages. More than three hundred color photos complement detailed text filled with the author’s pointed observations of plant performance, cultivar selection, and current taxonomy. In addition, his trademark wit and passion are both in abundance, making reading as pleasurable as it is informative.
Book Synopsis Post-harvest Pathology by : Dov Prusky
Download or read book Post-harvest Pathology written by Dov Prusky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a collection of papers that includes material presented at the 2008 International Congress for Plant Pathology, this text features research right at the leading edge of the field. The latest findings are particularly crucial in their implications for fruit production; an important market sector where in some areas up to 50 per cent of the crop can be lost after harvest. While post-harvest fruit treatments with fungicides are the most effective means to reduce decay, rising concerns about toxicity have led to the development of alternative approaches to disease control, including biological methods, the subject of three chapters of this book. With several new techniques requiring modification of current post-harvest practices, it is more important than ever to stay abreast of the latest information. Other chapters deal with the mechanisms of host fruit and vegetable resistance, fungal pathogenicity factors and their relationship with the host response, and a number of subjects related to disease assessments before harvest as well as their relationship to the postharvest treatment of fruits and vegetables. The book also includes several useful case studies of crops such as kiwifruit and peaches, where different approaches at the pre- and post-harvest levels are combined to good effect. With food production issues gaining an ever higher profile internationally, this text makes an important contribution to the debate.
Book Synopsis Compendium of Beet Diseases and Pests by : Robert Martin Harveson
Download or read book Compendium of Beet Diseases and Pests written by Robert Martin Harveson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition has been significantly expanded and is organized into several major sections, including a new introduction with brief histories of beet production, botany, and breeding. The remainder of the book is divided into 5 major parts: biotic disorders, abiotic disorders, postharvest deterioration of sugar beet, major insect and arthropod pests, and newly emerging issues. The description of each disease includes a general account of its importance and world distribution, symptoms, causal organism or agent, disease cycle and epidemiology, management, and selected references.
Book Synopsis Compendium of Hop Diseases and Pests by : Walter Mahaffee
Download or read book Compendium of Hop Diseases and Pests written by Walter Mahaffee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of Bacteria by : Victor V. Tetz
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Bacteria written by Victor V. Tetz and published by Nova Biomedical Books. This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology Of Bacteria
