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Effects Of Nutrition And Winter Severity On Cover Type Use Migration Behavior And Survival Of Female White Tailed Deer In Camp Ripley Minnesota
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Book Synopsis Effects of Nutrition and Winter Severity on Cover Type Use, Migration Behavior, and Survival of Female White-tailed Deer in Camp Ripley, Minnesota by : Carolin Adel Humpal
Download or read book Effects of Nutrition and Winter Severity on Cover Type Use, Migration Behavior, and Survival of Female White-tailed Deer in Camp Ripley, Minnesota written by Carolin Adel Humpal and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Examining Relationships Between Winter Severity, Nutritional Condition of Female White-tailed Deer, and Fawn Survival by : Michelle Carstensen
Download or read book Examining Relationships Between Winter Severity, Nutritional Condition of Female White-tailed Deer, and Fawn Survival written by Michelle Carstensen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Winter Severity, Deer Nutrition and Fawning Characteristics by : Michelle Carstensen
Download or read book Winter Severity, Deer Nutrition and Fawning Characteristics written by Michelle Carstensen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Winter Nutrition and Population Ecology of White-tailed Deer in the Central Superior National Forest by : Glenn David DelGiudice
Download or read book Winter Nutrition and Population Ecology of White-tailed Deer in the Central Superior National Forest written by Glenn David DelGiudice and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN WINTER SEVERITY by :
Download or read book SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN WINTER SEVERITY written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Winter in the northern Great Lakes presents a suite of challenging conditions for animals, in terms of limited food availability and increased energetic cost of locomotion and thermoregulation. Variable winter severity is liable to cause interannual fluctuations in habitat viability and use by animals, in addition to modulating physiological responses in animals to conserve energy. For example, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) congregate at high densities under eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) or northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) stands, which provide forage, thermal cover, reduced snow depth, and enhanced vigilance. However, a suite of climatic, edaphic, and management changes, in addition to novel deer densities, have compromised regeneration of eastern hemlock in recent years, while facilitating the propagation of hardwoods. For this research, I monitored 39 randomly selected eastern hemlock stands across the western Upper Peninsula. I selected a subset of 15 of these stands to survey for forest community composition and assess changes between 2006 and 2015, and found evidence of a transition to hardwoods such as maple (Acer rubrum and A. saccharum). This change in forest composition will have significant implications for migratory white-tailed deer, particularly when coupled with more extreme winter conditions predicted to occur with climate change. I monitored local deer use in all 39 stands from winter 2014-15 to 2017-2018, building on a dataset extending back to winter 2005-2006, by counting fecal pellet groups in each stand, and found evidence of reduced use following recent severe winters, as well as a spatial shift in intensity of use. I assessed diet composition by collecting fecal samples during spring pellet surveys, and found evidence of spatial variability in the diet, likely due to spatiotemporal variation in winter severity. To further understand the physiological implications of winter severity and winter diet, I assessed physiological stress response (via non-invasive fecal glucocorticoids) and found evidence of endocrine down-regulation in animals with a poor diet and in extreme conditions. My findings underscore the importance of maintaining a mesic conifer component in northern forests to provide winter habitat for regional migratory deer populations.
Book Synopsis Nutritional Ecology of White-tailed Deer by : Robert Gene Osborn
Download or read book Nutritional Ecology of White-tailed Deer written by Robert Gene Osborn and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological Assessment of Winter Nutritional Status of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in Minnesota by Urine and Blood Analysis by : Glenn David DelGiudice
Download or read book Physiological Assessment of Winter Nutritional Status of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in Minnesota by Urine and Blood Analysis written by Glenn David DelGiudice and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Winter Cover Type Use by White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in St. Croix State Park, Minnesota by : A. W. Fedkenheuer
Download or read book Winter Cover Type Use by White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in St. Croix State Park, Minnesota written by A. W. Fedkenheuer and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of the Influence of Winter Browse Availability and Winter Severity on the Survival of White-tailed Deer on Manitoulin Island by : Lyle A. Renecker
Download or read book A Study of the Influence of Winter Browse Availability and Winter Severity on the Survival of White-tailed Deer on Manitoulin Island written by Lyle A. Renecker and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Migration Behaviour and Winter Habitat Use of White-tailed Deer Under Moderate Winter Climate Conditions by : Dwayne L. Sabine
Download or read book Migration Behaviour and Winter Habitat Use of White-tailed Deer Under Moderate Winter Climate Conditions written by Dwayne L. Sabine and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Survival, Activity Patterns, Movements, Home Ranges and Resource Selection of Female Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer in Western Kansas by : Talesha Karish
Download or read book Survival, Activity Patterns, Movements, Home Ranges and Resource Selection of Female Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer in Western Kansas written by Talesha Karish and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus) occur in sympatric populations across the Great Plains in North America. Mule deer abundance and occupied range has been declining during the past three decades while white-tailed deer abundance and occupied range has been increasing. Factors contributing to the dichotomous population growth and distribution patterns across their sympatric range are unknown, but potentially include differential survival, space use, and resource selection, all of which may be contributing to indirect competition that may be negatively affecting mule deer populations. Overlap in resource use or space use between mule deer and white-tailed deer could be evidence of competition or competitive exclusion. Activity patterns could provide insights for temporal segregation or competition. Differential space use could allow these species to spatially segregate and co-occur without competing for the same resources. My objectives were to 1) estimate annual and seasonal survival rates, 2) identify cause-specific mortality of adult female mule deer and white-tailed deer, 3) compare behavior patterns between adult mule deer and white-tailed deer of both sexes at seasonal and fine temporal period scales, 4) evaluate the difference in movements between adult female mule deer and white-tailed deer at seasonal and fine temporal scales, 5) test for differences in home range area and composition of adult female mule deer and white-tailed deer at seasonal and fine temporal scales, and 6) evaluate differences in seasonal multi-scale resource selection by female mule deer and white-tailed deer in western Kansas. I deployed collars on 184 pregnant females (94 mule deer and 90 white-tailed deer) at two different study sites in western Kansas (North, South) over three years, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Each deer received a high-resolution GPS/VHF collar that recorded hourly locations, activity accelerometer data along 3 axes, and used an activity sensor to identify mortality events. I used a Kaplan-Meier model to estimate cumulative weekly and annual survival and fit a hazard function to each survival model. I tested for relative influence of factors on estimated survival. I categorized activity points into three behavioral states (feeding, resting, and running). I converted activity points into a proportion of total behavior for each deer and tested for differences in the proportion of behavior categories between species and among seasons. I calculated individual hourly and daily movements seasonally and compared them between species and among seasons. I calculated annual and seasonal 95% home ranges and 50% core areas for each individual deer using a Biased Brownian Bridge movement model. Using logistic regression, I modeled resource selection by mule deer and white-tailed deer at the landscape scale, within home range scale, and within the core home range to identify selection for potential habitat variables and cover types. There was no difference in annual survival of adult female deer between species (mule deer [0.78 ± 0.04] and white-tailed deer [0.77 ± 0.05]). Harvest was the leading known cause of female mortality at 14% of the total mortality, but it was low compared to other studies in the Great Plains. Behavior of both species was similar in all seasons except for rut for males. In rut, males doubled their running behavior. Firearm season produced no changes in behavior for either species or sex. However, the greatest movements and home ranges were in the firearm season. There were greater movements and home ranges in the cold seasons than in the warm seasons. Mule deer were found to use steeper slopes than white-tailed deer, and white-tailed deer used riparian and woodland areas more than mule deer. Habitat patches enrolled in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve Program were strongly selected by both species in every season and scale. Managers should focus on preserving CRP to stabilize the mule deer population. Given harvest rates of females are low, survival of adult females of both species of deer appears to be little affected by harvest, so there is no need to alter harvest rates of either species.
Book Synopsis Survival Rates and Cause-Specific Mortality of Mule Deer in South-Central Oregon by : Elizabeth M. Mulligan
Download or read book Survival Rates and Cause-Specific Mortality of Mule Deer in South-Central Oregon written by Elizabeth M. Mulligan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is critical for wildlife managers to understand the population dynamics of a harvested species, particularly for ungulates, which are a valuable wildlife resource. Due to concerns that mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in Oregon were declining, more comprehensive data on population vital rates and the factors potentially affecting them were needed by resource managers. To meet this research need, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife implemented a seven year study to investigate habitat use and survival of mule deer in eastern Oregon. From 2005-2012, the agency radiocollared 621 mule deer in south-central Oregon in order to gain more comprehensive information about seasonal movement, seasonal and annual survival, and changes in habitat use for the population. I used the radio-telemetry data from this larger study to investigate mule deer survival rates and cause-specific mortality and the effects of deer seasonal distributions, movement behavior, and environmental factors such as annual and climatic variation. I used known-fate data for 408 adult female radio-collared mule deer to estimate monthly survival rates and to investigate a variety of factors that might affect these rates including seasonal distribution, temporal effects (seasonal, annual, and trends across season and year), movement behavior, and climatic covariates on differing scales. Variation in survival rates for this population of female mule deer in eastern Oregon was best explained by an additive effect of migration behavior, fall migration period, and precipitation levels on individual winter ranges. Survival was significantly higher for migratory deer than residents. Both groups had lower survival during the fall migration period (Oct-Nov) and a positive linear relationship between survival and winter precipitation in individual winter ranges. Annual survival estimates for migrants ranged from 0.81-0.82, which is similar to other findings, but survival rates for residents (0.76- 0.77) were low in comparison to survival rates for adult female mule deer in other parts of their range. I used a nonparametric cumulative incidence function estimator (NPCIFE) to generate annual cumulative incidence functions separately for males and females due to differing risks associated with each sex. The four competing sources of mortality I included in this analysis for males were legal harvest, illegal harvest, predation, and starvation, disease, vehicle or fence-collision combined as one category (i.e., other). For females in investigated predation, human-associated mortality (vehicle or fence), illegal harvest, and natural causes (starvation and disease). Annual risk functions were pooled across all years of the study to maximize sample size. For males, the cumulative risk was highest for legal harvest (0.249, 95%CI=0.172-0.326), with predation the next highest cause of mortality for this sex (0.104, 95%CI=0.042-0.611). For females, the cumulative risk was highest for predation, (0.044, 95%CI=0.028-0.065) with anthropogenic causes (0.038, 95%CI=0.021-0.054) and illegal harvest (0.031, 95%CI=0.17-0.054) also important sources of mortality. Higher monthly survival rates of migrants compared to residents (across all months of the biological cycle) suggested that leaving for potentially higher quality summer foraging grounds outweighed the cost of traveling through unfamiliar habitats and energy expenditure from migration. Conversely, it may also imply that the summer ranges for residents had a negative effect on survival due to habitat quality or human disturbance. Both migrants and residents had lower monthly survival during the fall migration period (Oct - Nov). Female mule deer were excluded from the state-managed bow and rifle hunting season during this study, but females may experience the negative effects of human disturbance associated with fall hunting activities. This time of year is also energetically costly for females, being that some may still be nursing, which could have an additive effect to the energy used to migrate or avoid human disturbance. Winter precipitation also had positive effect on survival for both groups, possibly because increased average winter precipitation resulted in increased winter forage quantity and quality. My results suggest that female survival rates observed during my study are on the low end of the range reported for this species and may be contributing to population declines of mule deer in Oregon. Annual estimates of male survival were also low, but it is unclear how that might contribute to overall population declines without more information on annual and seasonal variation in male survival. Surprisingly, I observed high levels of illegal harvest on female deer and evidence that female survival during the fall migration period, which overlaps Oregon's legal harvest season, was lower than other times of the year. It is unclear why the fall migration period negatively affects both migrants and resident deer similarly, but future research should attempt to determine the specific factors that are negatively impacting mule deer survival during this time period in south-central Oregon. In addition, as human development in the area continues to grow, it is important to consider migration paths and the habitat quality of both summer and winter ranges. My results suggested that conditions may differ between summer ranges in particular, for residents vs. migrants, and understanding these differences may be the key to increasing survival of female mule deer in Oregon. Sharing information from this study with law enforcement and the general public may be the first step towards increasing awareness of, and thereby reducing, the relatively high levels of illegal harvest I documented for the female population. Future research should focus on investigating the differences in habitat quality for residents versus migrants, the factors that decrease survival during fall migration for both groups, and the social and economic factors that contribute to the illegal harvest of female mule deer in eastern Oregon.
Book Synopsis Habitat Use by White-tailed Deer in Relation to Winter Range Silvicultural Treatments in the Thompson River Drainage, Northwestern Montana by : Loren Lee Hicks
Download or read book Habitat Use by White-tailed Deer in Relation to Winter Range Silvicultural Treatments in the Thompson River Drainage, Northwestern Montana written by Loren Lee Hicks and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A study to evaluate white-tailed deer winter range use in relation to forest stand and weather conditions was conducted during three winters from 1983-1986. Data were collected from 16.1 km (10 mi.) of ground transects and 20 radio-collared deer located on winter range in the study area. One hundred thirty seven telemetry locations were evaluated with a GEOSCAN cartographic program. The program scanned 40 ha (100 ac.) around each location to generate a frequency distribution of cover types from a digitized vegetation map. A winter severity index was used to classify transect and telemetry observations of deer use into mild, moderate and severe winter condition categories. Under mild winter conditions, white-tailed deer used 13 cover types in proportion to their availability on the winter range. Observed proportion of cover type use by deer under moderate and severe winter conditions differed from that expected. Deer utilized openings, lightly stocked plantations, and riparian pole-sized timber significantly less than availability and preferred upland pole and riparian sawtimber-sized stands. Multiple regression analysis of snow depth, percent canopy closure and aspect vs. deer use was significant, especially when snow depth exceeded 40 cm (13 in.). Discriminant function analysis was not particularly effective in identifying habitat variables to predict deer occurrence under mild and moderate conditions. The discriminating variables for severe winter conditions were one tree basal area variable, one diversity related variable, one aspect variable, and one stand type variable. Reductions in deer use one year following timber harvest ranged from 52-85% and were related to reductions in canopy closure. Overall rankings of cover type use derived from transects did not differ significantly from rankings obtained by telemetry. However, large differences in individual cover type rankings between techniques were observed in conifer plantations and upland sawtimber cover types. Rankings of cover type use derived from both techniques were correlated. The relationship between forest structural components on winter ranges and the silvicultura1 practices which affect them is discussed. Guidelines for winter range si1vicultcra1 treatments are proposed. Management implications of the guidelines are discussed. The distribution of winter range structural types in the study area was within recommended guidelines"--Leaf ii.
Book Synopsis Hoosiers and the American Story by : Madison, James H.
Download or read book Hoosiers and the American Story written by Madison, James H. and published by Indiana Historical Society. This book was released on 2014-10 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A supplemental textbook for middle and high school students, Hoosiers and the American Story provides intimate views of individuals and places in Indiana set within themes from American history. During the frontier days when Americans battled with and exiled native peoples from the East, Indiana was on the leading edge of America’s westward expansion. As waves of immigrants swept across the Appalachians and eastern waterways, Indiana became established as both a crossroads and as a vital part of Middle America. Indiana’s stories illuminate the history of American agriculture, wars, industrialization, ethnic conflicts, technological improvements, political battles, transportation networks, economic shifts, social welfare initiatives, and more. In so doing, they elucidate large national issues so that students can relate personally to the ideas and events that comprise American history. At the same time, the stories shed light on what it means to be a Hoosier, today and in the past.
Book Synopsis Research on Arctic Geese by : Fridtjof Mehlum
Download or read book Research on Arctic Geese written by Fridtjof Mehlum and published by Norsk Polarinstitut. This book was released on 1998 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Patriot's History of the United States by : Larry Schweikart
Download or read book A Patriot's History of the United States written by Larry Schweikart and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2004-12-29 with total page 1350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past three decades, many history professors have allowed their biases to distort the way America’s past is taught. These intellectuals have searched for instances of racism, sexism, and bigotry in our history while downplaying the greatness of America’s patriots and the achievements of “dead white men.” As a result, more emphasis is placed on Harriet Tubman than on George Washington; more about the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II than about D-Day or Iwo Jima; more on the dangers we faced from Joseph McCarthy than those we faced from Josef Stalin. A Patriot’s History of the United States corrects those doctrinaire biases. In this groundbreaking book, America’s discovery, founding, and development are reexamined with an appreciation for the elements of public virtue, personal liberty, and private property that make this nation uniquely successful. This book offers a long-overdue acknowledgment of America’s true and proud history.
Book Synopsis The Nature Fix: Why Nature Makes Us Happier, Healthier, and More Creative by : Florence Williams
Download or read book The Nature Fix: Why Nature Makes Us Happier, Healthier, and More Creative written by Florence Williams and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Highly informative and remarkably entertaining." —Elle From forest trails in Korea, to islands in Finland, to eucalyptus groves in California, Florence Williams investigates the science behind nature’s positive effects on the brain. Delving into brand-new research, she uncovers the powers of the natural world to improve health, promote reflection and innovation, and strengthen our relationships. As our modern lives shift dramatically indoors, these ideas—and the answers they yield—are more urgent than ever.
