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Author : Gail Ruth Neuhann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (221 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Hearing Aid Noise Reduction Systems on Speech Intelligibility written by Gail Ruth Neuhann and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gaston Hilkhuysen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Effects of Noise Reduction on Speech Intelligibility written by Gaston Hilkhuysen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech is often perceived in the presence of other sounds. At times the interfering sounds can reach such high levels that the speech becomes unintelligible. Speech enhancement methods attempt to reduce the audibility of noisy sounds, but little is known about how their influence on intelligibility. This thesis explores the effects of speech enhancement, also known as noise suppression algorithms, on speech intelligibility. After a short introduction to speech enhancement and intelligibility, three studies consider the effects from an empirical perspective. It is shown that noise suppression tends to reduce intelligibility and that its effect is mostly constant across a broad range of noise levels. When experts were asked to apply a commercial noise suppressor to optimise intelligibility, they proposed settings that degraded intelligibility. Laypeople successfully identified an increase in intelligibility resulting from speech enhancement. Three subsequent studies attempt to identify the signal properties responsible for the intelligibility effects and generated by speech enhancement.Physical metrics based on various signal properties were used to estimate the intelligibility of the speech-enhanced noisy signal. Most metrics provided unreliable or biased estimates of absolute intelligibility. Some could nevertheless be used to adjust speech enhancers such that intelligibility is optimal.
Author : Michele Honey Segal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Speech Intelligibility in the Space Shuttle Mid-deck Noise Environment written by Michele Honey Segal and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jiun-Hung Lin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Effects of Feedback Adaptive Active Noise Cancellation on Speech Intelligibility written by Jiun-Hung Lin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309180317
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Green Schools written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-25 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence has accumulated that shows that the quality of indoor environments can affect the health and productivity of adults and children. One consequence is that a movement has emerged to promote the design of schools that have fewer adverse environmental effects. To examine the potential of such design for improving education, several private organizations asked the NRC to review and assess the health and productivity benefits of green schools. This report provides an analysis of the complexity of making such a determination; and an assessment of the potential human health and performance benefits of improvements in the building envelope, indoor air quality, lighting, and acoustical quality. The report also presents an assessment of the overall building condition and student achievement, and offers an analysis of and recommendations for planning and maintaining green schools including research considerations.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789461919694
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Perceptual Evaluation of Noise Reduction in Hearing Aids written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Irwin Pollack
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Effect of noise and filtering on speech intelligibility at high levels written by Irwin Pollack and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Steven Herman Viehweg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (718 download)
Download or read book Differential Effects of Signal and Noise Filtering on Speech Intelligibility in Sensorineural Hypacusis written by Steven Herman Viehweg and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anthony E. Castelnovo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Effects of Spectrum Sampling on Speech Intelligibility written by Anthony E. Castelnovo and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gillian M. Davis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351835998
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Noise Reduction in Speech Applications written by Gillian M. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noise and distortion that degrade the quality of speech signals can come from any number of sources. The technology and techniques for dealing with noise are almost as numerous, but it is only recently, with the development of inexpensive digital signal processing hardware, that the implementation of the technology has become practical. Noise Reduction in Speech Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to modern techniques for removing or reducing background noise from a range of speech-related applications. Self-contained, it starts with a tutorial-style chapter of background material, then focuses on system aspects, digital algorithms, and implementation. The final section explores a variety of applications and demonstrates to potential users of the technology the results possible with the noise reduction techniques presented. The book offers chapters contributed by international experts, a practical, systems approach, and numerous references. For electrical, acoustics, signal processing, communications, and bioengineers, Noise Reduction in Speech Applications is a valuable resource that shows you how to decide whether noise reduction will solve problems in your own systems and how to make the best use of the technologies available.
Author : Jont B. Allen
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1598290096
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (982 download)
Download or read book Articulation and Intelligibility written by Jont B. Allen and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immediately following the Second World War, between 1947 and 1955, several classic papers quantified the fundamentals of human speech information processing and recognition. In 1947 French and Steinberg published their classic study on the articulation index. In 1948 Claude Shannon published his famous work on the theory of information. In 1950 Fletcher and Galt published their theory of the articulation index, a theory that Fletcher had worked on for 30 years, which integrated his classic works on loudness and speech perception with models of speech intelligibility. In 1951 George Miller then wrote the first book Language and Communication, analyzing human speech communication with Claude Shannon's just published theory of information. Finally in 1955 George Miller published the first extensive analysis of phone decoding, in the form of confusion matrices, as a function of the speech-to-noise ratio. This work extended the Bell Labs' speech articulation studies with ideas from Shannon's Information theory. Both Miller and Fletcher showed that speech, as a code, is incredibly robust to mangling distortions of filtering and noise. Regrettably much of this early work was forgotten. While the key science of information theory blossomed, other than the work of George Miller, it was rarely applied to aural speech research. The robustness of speech, which is the most amazing thing about the speech code, has rarely been studied. It is my belief (i.e., assumption) that we can analyze speech intelligibility with the scientific method. The quantitative analysis of speech intelligibility requires both science and art. The scientific component requires an error analysis of spoken communication, which depends critically on the use of statistics, information theory, and psychophysical methods. The artistic component depends on knowing how to restrict the problem in such a way that progress may be made. It is critical to tease out the relevant from the irrelevant and dig for the key issues. This will focus us on the decoding of nonsense phonemes with no visual component, which have been mangled by filtering and noise. This monograph is a summary and theory of human speech recognition. It builds on and integrates the work of Fletcher, Miller, and Shannon. The long-term goal is to develop a quantitative theory for predicting the recognition of speech sounds. In Chapter 2 the theory is developed for maximum entropy (MaxEnt) speech sounds, also called nonsense speech. In Chapter 3, context is factored in. The book is largely reflective, and quantitative, with a secondary goal of providing an historical context, along with the many deep insights found in these early works.
Author : Jinqiu Sang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of the Sparse Coding Shrinkage Noise Reduction Algorithm for the Hearing Impaired written by Jinqiu Sang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there are numerous single-channel noise reduction strategies to improve speech perception in a noisy environment, most of them can only improve speech quality but not improve speech intelligibility for normal hearing (NH) or hearing impaired (HI) listeners. Exceptions that can improve speech intelligibility currently are only those that require a priori statistics of speech or noise. Most of the noise reduction algorithms in hearing aids are adopted directly from the algorithms for NH listeners without taking into account of the hearing loss factors within HI listeners. HI listeners suffer more in speech intelligibility than NH listeners in the same noisy environment. Further study of monaural noise reduction algorithms for HI listeners is required. The motivation is to adapt a model-based approach in contrast to the conventional Wiener filtering approach. The model-based algorithm called sparse coding shrinkage (SCS) was proposed to extract key speech information from noisy speech. The SCS algorithm was evaluated by comparison with another state-of-the-art Wiener filtering approach through speech intelligibility and quality tests using 9 NH and 9 HI listeners. The SCS algorithm matched the performance of the Wiener filtering algorithm in speech intelligibility and speech quality. Both algorithms showed some intelligibility improvements for HI listeners but not at all for NH listeners. The algorithms improved speech quality for both HI and NH listeners. Additionally, a physiologically-inspired hearing loss simulation (HLS) model was developed to characterize hearing loss factors and simulate hearing loss consequences. A methodology was proposed to evaluate signal processing strategies for HI listeners with the proposed HLS model and NH subjects. The corresponding experiment was performed by asking NH subjects to listen to unprocessed/enhanced speech with the HLS model. Some of the effects of the algorithms seen in HI listeners are reproduced, at least qualitatively, by using the HLS model with NH listeners. Conclusions: The model-based algorithm SCS is promising for improving performance in stationary noise although no clear difference was seen in the performance of SCS and a competitive Wiener filtering algorithm. Fluctuating noise is more difficult to reduce compared to stationary noise. Noise reduction algorithms may perform better at higher input signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) where HI listeners can get benefit but where NH listeners already reach ceiling performance. The proposed HLS model can save time and cost when evaluating noise reduction algorithms for HI listeners.
Author : Cheuk-Yan Charin Mak
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781374672451
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (724 download)
Download or read book Effects of Speech and Noise on Cantonese Speech Intelligibility written by Cheuk-Yan Charin Mak and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Speech and Noise on Cantonese Speech Intelligibility" by Cheuk-yan, Charin, Mak, 麥芍欣, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of dissertation entitled Effects of speech and noise on Cantonese speech intelligibility submitted by MAK Cheuk Yan, Charin for the degree of Master of Science in Audiology at the University of Hong Kong in May 2006 The present study was conducted to examine if the increase in S/N ratio would enhance Cantonese speech intelligibility, and to investigate the effect of speech and noise levels above normal conversational level on speech intelligibility in Cantonese speakers. Sixteen normal-hearing participants, sixteen participants with mild hearing loss and fifteen participants with moderate hearing loss were evaluated. The test ear of each participant was randomly selected. Speech recognition scores were measured using the Cantonese Hearing In Noise Test (CHINT) at six noise levels of 77, 81, 85, 89, 93 and 97 dBA and five signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of -4, -1, +2, +5 and +8 dB. The data were analyzed to investigate how speech intelligibility was affected with various S/N ratios at the same noise level, and how speech intelligibility was affected at different noise levels under the same S/N ratio. Results indicated that the normal-hearing group performed better than the two hearing-impaired groups at any noise levels or S/N ratios. Speech recognition scores were significantly better at higher S/N ratios than at lower S/N ratios in all three groups. No significant differences in the mean scores were, however, noted within the same group of vi participants as the noise levels increased, contradicted with the results from earlier studies. The findings were compared to those of previous studies in terms of the range of speech and noise levels, the speech materials, and the scoring methods used in different studies. Directions for future research, such as adopting a wider range of noise levels and using monosyllabic speech materials, were also explored. vii DOI: 10.5353/th_b3798979 Subjects: Speech, Intelligibility of Speech perception Audiometry
Author : Michael David Cunliffe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)
Download or read book Enhancing Speech Intelligibility in Background Noise written by Michael David Cunliffe and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives: To explore the efficacy of a new digital signal processing strategy (DSP) by comparing speech intelligibility in noise measures across different sound strategies. Introduction: Hearing aids are of limited benefit for the perceptual consequences that arise from a loss of frequency selectivity. By eliminating inaudible sound energy, and reducing ‘masking’ noise around speech peaks based on individual spreading functions, the new DSP effectively acts as a masking suppressor to enhance spectral contrast between speech peaks and dips. It is hypothesised that a combination of wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) and DSP will show greatest improvement in objective measures of speech intelligibility in noise. It is also hypothesised that no difference in subjective sound quality will be found. Methods: Twenty current hearing aid wearers (60-75 years) with symmetrical, normal/mild, sloping to a moderate/severe sensorineural hearing loss were recruited. Treble increase at low levels (TILL) prescription templates were used to achieve an approximation of real-ear, prescribed WDRC. An estimate of critical bandwidth (CB) was obtained using a consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) in white-noise tournament with different DSP types. Objective (QuickSINTM) and subjective (soundscape quality) speech intelligibility in noise results were compared across four sound strategies: No-Processing, DSP, TILL and DSP + TILL. Results: DSP type 1.0 had the highest CNC in white-noise phoneme and word score overall, but was not significantly different from No-Processing. Both DSP and DSP + TILL had significantly higher mean total QuickSINTM scores than No-Processing. Mean DSP + TILL QuickSINTM scores at +5 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) were significantly higher than No-Processing. DSP + TILL also had a significantly higher mean score at +20 dB SNR than No-Processing or TILL. No significant difference in sound quality between strategies was found. Conclusions: This study suggests speech intelligibility can be enhanced in background noise using the new DSP either alone, or in combination with WDRC. The method used to estimate individual CB could be implemented clinically. The new DSP could also be incorporated at the front-end of WDRC hearing aid processing. Future directions include the possibility of integrating a more accurate, objective measure of auditory filter characteristics with the new DSP, and exploring the effects of an acclimatisation period on speech intelligibility in noise.
Author : Ryan Laquent Urquhart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (518 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Noise on Speech Intelligibility and Complex Cognitive Performance written by Ryan Laquent Urquhart and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A human factors experiment was conducted to assess whether a reduction in noise at the ear would cause an improvement in speech intelligibility, an improvement in cognitive performance, and/or a reduction in subjective mental workload. Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) stimuli were used to determine intelligibility and specific tests within the Complex Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB) were used to assess cognitive performance. The tests chosen from the CCAB were: Tower Puzzle, Logical Relations, and Numbers and Words. These tests were chosen because of the specific set of cognitive functions that they measure which corresponded to command and control tasks. Participants performed the MRT and CCAB tests simultaneously in a 114 dBA noise environment at two speech levels, 83 dB (linear) and 96 dB (linear), using two communication microphones, Gentex Model 1453 and a prototype communication microphone developed by Adaptive Technologies Inc. (ATI). The noise used in the experiment was from a recording made inside a US Army Bradley Fighting Vehicle. Subjective mental workload was assessed using the NASA-TLX and Modified Cooper-Harper (MCH) immediately after the experiment. Results indicated that the communication microphone developed by ATI reduced the noise level at the ear better than the current Gentex microphone. However, the Gentex microphone produced significantly higher speech intelligibility scores at the 96 dB speech level.
Author : K. S. Pearsons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (688 download)
Download or read book Effects of Tone Noise Combination on ... written by K. S. Pearsons and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jalal Taghia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)
Download or read book Speech Intelligibility Prediction and Single-channel Noise Reduction Based on Information Measures written by Jalal Taghia and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
