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Effects Of Fish Size And Temperature On The Condition And Survival Of Fat Depleted Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Following Long Term Swimming
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Book Synopsis Effects of Fish Size and Temperature on the Condition and Survival of Fat-depleted Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Following Long-term Swimming by : Keith P. Lawrence
Download or read book Effects of Fish Size and Temperature on the Condition and Survival of Fat-depleted Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Following Long-term Swimming written by Keith P. Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and the Western Division, American Fisheries Association by : Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (U.S.)
Download or read book Proceedings of the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and the Western Division, American Fisheries Association written by Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Constant Temperature and Thermal Shifts on Survival, Morphology, and Oxygen Consumption in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Embryos by : Christopher L. Melendez
Download or read book Effects of Constant Temperature and Thermal Shifts on Survival, Morphology, and Oxygen Consumption in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Embryos written by Christopher L. Melendez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental temperature is a crucial environmental factor that influences many physiological functions in fishes. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are a native anadromous species that inhabit a variety of freshwater rivers and lakes and are widely distributed throughout the western portion of the United States. Resident rainbow trout populations occupy interior freshwater environments for the entirety of life. Interior bodies of water are most susceptible to changes in environmental temperatures. Therefore, resident rainbow trout are likely to be impacted by variable and rising temperatures, particularly during embryonic development. Understanding temperature effects during development is likely to provide insight into the overall thermal biology of a species and its persistence in a changing climate. To assess the effect of temperature on development of rainbow trout, we examined phenotypes of hatchery embryos reared in various incubation temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 17.5°C). To identify the presence of embryonic developmental plasticity within developmental time points, embryos incubated in 5°C were exposed to either 10°C, 15°C or 17.5°C during gastrulation, organogenesis, system integration or growth windows and a 3-dimensional critical window model was applied. An increase in constant incubation temperature increased oxygen consumption rate (V̇O2), and decreased hatchling survival, mass, yolk size, body length and time to 50% hatch. Thermally shifting embryos into increased temperature during distinct windows of development also reduced survival at hatch, and this was most evident following exposure during organogenesis, which may signify the presence of a critical window for this trait. Likewise, thermally shifting embryos into increased temperature resulted in smaller hatchlings. Although there was an initial increase in V̇ O2 in response to temperature, experiencing thermal shifts during development had no persistent effect on V̇ O2 when measured at hatch at 5°C compared to 5°C constant embryos. Collectively, these results suggest that survival and morphological traits of rainbow trout embryos are most sensitive to increased temperature during organogenesis and system integration, but increased temperature does not appear to have a long-term effect on energy use. Environmental temperature plays a fundamental role in developing aquatic vertebrates. Thus, critical window studies such this performed across species will eventually allow for the identification of commonalities in plasticity between different species in response to variables such as temperature.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Temperature on Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Following Exposure to an Endocrine Disrupter, 4-nonyllphenol by : Jennifer Shea
Download or read book The Effects of Temperature on Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Following Exposure to an Endocrine Disrupter, 4-nonyllphenol written by Jennifer Shea and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Temperature, Genetic, and Ration Effects on Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Bioenergetics by : Christopher Alexander Myrick
Download or read book Temperature, Genetic, and Ration Effects on Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Bioenergetics written by Christopher Alexander Myrick and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-04 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Food Intake in Fish by : Dominic Houlihan
Download or read book Food Intake in Fish written by Dominic Houlihan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intake of food by fishes is an area of study that is of great importance to the applied sciences of fisheries and aquaculture for a number of reasons. For example a thorough knowledge of factors influencing the ingestion of feed can lead to successful manipulation of the rearing environment of cultured fishes, thereby ensuring improved growth performance and feed utilisation, and decreasing the amount of waste (and consequent pollution) per unit of fish produced. This important book, which has arisen out of a European Union COST programme, illustrates how insights into the biological and environmental factors that underlie the feeding responses of fish may be used to address practical issues of feed management. Food Intake in Fish contains carefully edited contributions from internationally recognised scientists, providing a book that is an invaluable tool and reference to all those involved in aquaculture, especially those working in the aquaculture feed industry and scientific personnel in commercial and research aquaculture facilities. This book should also find a place on the shelves of fish biologists and physiologists and as a reference in libraries of universities, research establishments and aquaculture equipment companies.
Book Synopsis Physiological Adaptations to Swimming in Fish by : Josep V. Planas
Download or read book Physiological Adaptations to Swimming in Fish written by Josep V. Planas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swimming is an integral part of the life history of many fish species as is intimately linked with their ability to express feeding and predator avoidance behaviors, habitat selection and environmental preferences, social and reproductive behaviors as well as migratory behaviors. Therefore, swimming is an important determinant factor of fitness in a true Darwinian sense and, not surprisingly, swimming performance has been often used as a measure of physiological fitness in fish. The main aim of this Research Topic is to showcase some of the current studies designed to improve our understanding of the physiological energetic and metabolic requirements of swimming and of the adaptive responses to swimming in fish.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Domestication and Temperature on Growth and Swim Performance in Clonal Lines of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss by : Kristy Lynn Bellinger
Download or read book The Effects of Domestication and Temperature on Growth and Swim Performance in Clonal Lines of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss written by Kristy Lynn Bellinger and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the western U.S., the Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) are of significant cultural, socioeconomic and ecological importance. However, despite decades of conservation efforts, their continued decline remains a great concern. Two critical factors impacting the sustainability of salmon and steelhead populations in the Pacific Northwest include genetic introgression of captive-reared hatchery fish and climate warming. Although salmonid hatcheries have been recognized as having a valuable role in restoring wild stocks, gene flow from domesticated hatchery fish into wild populations presents obstacles for conservation. Additionally, climate change is predicted to continue to increase stream temperatures in the Pacific Northwest, which is particularly hazardous for cold-water dependent Oncorhynchus spp., as their physiology, behavior, and distribution are crucially linked to temperature. Here these factors were investigated using clonal lines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by evaluating phenotypic responses to these two factors in the context of developing management protocols to facilitate their sustained existence.
Book Synopsis Centrarchid Fishes by : Steven Cooke
Download or read book Centrarchid Fishes written by Steven Cooke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Centrarchid fishes, also known as freshwater sunfishes, include such prominent species as the Largemouth Bass, Smallmouth Bass and Bluegill. They are endemic to Eastern North America where they form part of a multi-million dollar sports fishing industry, but they have also been widely introduced around the globe by recreational anglers, in aquaculture programs and by government fisheries agencies. Centrarchid Fishes provides comprehensive coverage of all major aspects of this ecologically and commercially important group of fishes. Coverage includes diversity, ecomorphology, phylogeny and genetics, hybridization, reproduction, early life history and recruitment, feeding and growth, ecology, migrations, bioenergetics, physiology, diseases, aquaculture, fisheries management and conservation. Chapters have been written by well-known and respected scientists and the whole has been drawn together by Professors Cooke and Philipp, themselves extremely well respected in the area of fisheries management and conservation. Centrarchid Fishes is an essential purchase for all fish biologists, ecologists, fisheries managers and fish farm personnel who work with centrarchid species across the globe.
Book Synopsis Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon by : Cornelis Groot
Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon written by Cornelis Groot and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, countless juvenile Pacific salmon leave streams and rivers on their migration to feeding grounds in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. After periods ranging from a few months to several years, adult salmon enter rivers along the coasts of Asia and North America to spawn and complete their life cycle. Within this general outline, various life history patterns, both among and within species, involve diverse ways of exploiting freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats. There are seven species of Pacific salmon. Five (coho, chinook chum, pink, and sockeye) occur in both North America and Asia. Their complex life histories and spectacular migrations have long fascinated biologists and amateurs alike. Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon provides comprehensive reviews by leading researchers of the physiological adaptations that allow Pacific Salmon to sustain themselves in the diverse environments in which they live. It begins with an analysis of energy expenditure and continues with reviews of locomotion, growth, feeding, and nutrition. Subsequent chapters deal with osmotic adjustments enabling the passage between fresh and salt water, nitrogen excretion and regulation of acid-base balance, circulation and gas transfer, and finally, responses to stress. This thorough and authoritative volume will be a valuable reference for students and researchers of biology and fisheries science as they seek to understand the environmental requirements for the perpetuation of these unique and valuable species.
Book Synopsis Temperature and Genetic Effects on Growth, Body Shape, and Sprint Swim Speed in Rainbow Trout by : Christopher Steven Duke
Download or read book Temperature and Genetic Effects on Growth, Body Shape, and Sprint Swim Speed in Rainbow Trout written by Christopher Steven Duke and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultimate phenotype for a given trait results from the combined influences of underlying genetics and environmental factors; predicting how organisms respond to changing environments thus depends on understanding the relative impacts of genes and environmental variables on phenotypes. Here, I explore how changes in one of the most fundamental environmental variables, temperature, impact phenotypes with strong survival implications for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and explore the underlying genetic architecture associated with phenotypic change in response to temperature. In this dissertation, I begin by comparing responses of growth, size, body shape, and sprint swimming speed phenotypes to rearing at 10° C and 18° C in two geographically disparate, semi-wild clonal strains of O. mykiss (Whale Rock clonal line, from California, and Swanson clonal line, from Alaska), compared to two clonal strains with hatchery origins (Arlee and Hot Creek clonal lines). I find that Whale Rock and Swanson overall show the greatest between-line differences in these phenotypes, and vary notably in the nature and magnitude of their plastic response to temperature. I then explore the influence of 10° C and 18° C rearing temperature on the location of body fins that potentially influence sprint swimming speeds (dorsal fin, anal fin, and pelvic fins) at 32 and 35 weeks of age in Whale Rock and Swanson clonal lines, with Hot Creek as a hatchery-origin clonal line for comparison. I find complex patterns of variation in fin location at both ages, both within clonal line at different temperatures and between clonal lines within the same temperature. Of the fin locations measured, only one was found to significantly influence sprint swimming speed, which was the distance between the operculum and the most anterior margin of the anal fin. Whale Rock and Swanson showed distinctly disparate differences in fin metrics, again suggesting their suitability for exploring genetic architecture of these phenotypes. Finally, I use a quantitative genetic approach to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL), finding evidence for significant and suggestive QTL influencing the measured phenotypes, as well as evidence for temperature-specific QTL.
Download or read book Fish Welfare written by Edward J. Branson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish have the same stress response and powers of nociception as mammals. Their behavioural responses to a variety of situations suggest a considerable ability for higher level neural processing – a level of consciousness equivalent perhaps to that attributed to mammals. Each chapter of this book has been written by specialists in their field. The subject matter is wide ranging and covers in detail concepts of animal welfare in addition to more specific aspects of fish welfare. Philosophical concepts of welfare are discussed along with more practical areas of fish welfare encompassing all husbandry and management activities that have a potential to affect the welfare of the fish in our care. This book is an essential purchase for fish veterinarians, fish farmers, fish biologists and those involved in the aquaculture industry and its regulation.
Book Synopsis Energy and Nitrogen balances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed at largely varying feeding intensities by : Feyza Sanver
Download or read book Energy and Nitrogen balances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed at largely varying feeding intensities written by Feyza Sanver and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2004 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Temperature on Survival and Growth of Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout by : Elizabeth Ann Bear
Download or read book Effects of Temperature on Survival and Growth of Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout written by Elizabeth Ann Bear and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi have declined throughout their native range in the Northern Rockies and were considered for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act. Water temperature is widely regarded as playing a key role in determining their persistence, but specific lethal levels and thermal optima for this cutthroat trout subspecies had not been precisely defined. This laboratory study used the acclimated chronic exposure method to determine tolerances and thermal optima of westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, a potential nonnative competitor now occupying much of the former range of westslope cutthroat trout. Rainbow trout had a distinct survival advantage over westslope cutthroat trout at warmer temperatures. The ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature (temperature at which 50% of the population survives for 60-d) of rainbow trout (24.3°C; 95% CI, 24.0-24.7°C) was 4.7°C higher than that of westslope cutthroat trout (19.6°C; 95% CI, 19.1-19.9°C). In contrast, the optimum growth temperature for westslope cutthroat trout (13.6°C; 95% CI, 10.3-17.0°C) over the 60-d test period was very similar to that of rainbow trout (13.1°C; 95% CI, 6.8-18.2°C), although rainbow trout grew better over a wider range and at higher temperatures than did westslope cutthroat trout. The upper lethal and optimum growth temperatures for westslope cutthroat trout are in the lower range among most salmonids. The higher upper temperature tolerance of rainbow trout and its greater ability for growth at warmer temperatures may account for its increased occurrence at lower elevations than cutthroat trout. Water quality standards setting maximum daily temperatures from 13-15°C, near the optimum growth temperature, would ensure suitable thermal habitat to maintain the persistence of westslope cutthroat trout populations. In addition, survival and growth parameters indicated in this study can be used with stream temperature modeling to predict suitable habitat for westslope cutthroat trout, as they may be particularly susceptible to increases in stream temperature associated with climate change. Such predictions of habitat suitability will be vital in prioritizing conservation efforts with respect to reintroduction and translocation of westslope cutthroat trout.
Book Synopsis Heat Shock Proteins and Physiological Stress in Redband Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Gairdneri) in the South Fork John Day River, Oregon by : Joseph W. Feldhaus
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins and Physiological Stress in Redband Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Gairdneri) in the South Fork John Day River, Oregon written by Joseph W. Feldhaus and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research was to characterize thermal habitat requirements for juvenile redband steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in the South Fork John Day River (SFJD), Oregon using physiological indicators of fish condition. Physiological indices of fish condition measured were whole body lipid content and heat shock proteins, specifically hsp70. Hsp70 is a family of highly conserved molecular chaperones proteins that protect cellular function by preventing irreversible protein damage. Hsp70 levels were measured in liver, white muscle, and fin tissue. This thesis includes a study of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag handling stress in juvenile rainbow trout. PIT tags are used to identify individual fish. The objectives of the PIT tag study were to determine if there is a stress response, measured as a difference in plasma cortisol levels, between PIT tagged and non-PIT tagged rainbow trout (O. mykiss), to determine if PIT tag-related stress induces hepatic hsp70 synthesis in juvenile rainbow trout, and to examine the relation between cortisol and hsp70 levels. There was a difference in plasma cortisol six hours after tagging, with both treatment and tank effects. There were no differences detected after the 24h sampling period. Plasma cortisol levels were highly variable, but changes in plasma cortisol did not alter hepatic hsp70 levels. A laboratory experiment demonstrated that hsp70 levels increase significantly between 19 and 22ðC in both fin and liver tissue. The finding that hsp70 can be quantified in fin tissue is significant because it provides a non-lethal technique for assessing thermal stress in rare or endangered fish. The response of hsp70 in relation to temperature was sigmoid. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, a field study in the SFJD was conducted. The objectives were to: (1) determine if SFJD redband rainbow trout experience thermal stress, (2) develop a non-lethal technique for measuring cellular hsp70 levels, (3) and characterize the relation between whole body lipids and hsp70 for fish in the SFJD. Maximum hsp70 levels in liver and white muscle tissue in field collected fish occurred when mean weekly maximum temperatures (MWMT) exceeded 22-23ðC. Short and long term stream temperature averages of 15.6-18.2ðC and temperature maximums of 18.8-21.6ðC significantly increased hsp70 levels in liver tissue. Both the hsp72 and hsp73 isoforms were significantly elevated in white muscle tissue when long and short term average stream temperatures were 16-18.5ðC and 19.6-23ðC for temperature maximums. Lipid levels began to decrease when MWMT exceeded 23ðC. Results of this research suggest increased cellular hsp70 levels in juvenile redband rainbow trout in the SFJD River is symptomatic of cellular stress related to thermal conditions, as are decreasing lipid levels. Measurement of cellular hsp70 levels provides another tool that can be used to characterize physiological suitability of thermal habitat and potentially to define thermal limits, as differences of 1 or 2°C are sufficient to change expression of thermal stress proteins detected using these techniques. When using hsp70 as an index of thermal stress in different O. mykiss subpopulations, differences in hsp70 expression between tissues should be considered.
Book Synopsis Effects of Sex and Food Deprivation on Energy Substrates in Tissues of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Kelli Jo Daw
Download or read book Effects of Sex and Food Deprivation on Energy Substrates in Tissues of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Kelli Jo Daw and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of sex and food deprivation on the storage of energy substrates in various tissues of rainbow trout were examined and it was determined whether glucose prevented glycogen depletion in ventricle strips. Concentrations of substrates were determined in frozen samples after experiments. Glycogen depletion was determined in ventricle strips either frozen immediately, incubated in Ringers, or electrically stimulated in Ringers. Fed males had more glycogen in white muscle and ventricle than fed females and in ventricle than fed females and fasted males. Fed fish (both sexes) had more glycogen in liver than fasted fish. Exogenous glucose did not prevent glycogen depletion. In conclusion, it is important to document sex and feed status for biochemical and metabolic studies, variation exists in tissue storage of energy substrates, females require exogenous glucose, and males may rely on glycogen to support cardiac performance.
