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Effects Of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids On Liver Plasma Membranes Of Rainbow Trout Salmo Gairdneri
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Book Synopsis Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Liver Plasma Membranes of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : Donald Robert Marino
Download or read book Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Liver Plasma Membranes of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Donald Robert Marino and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA), which are a group of fatty acids produced by plants of the order Malvales, are known to induce adverse physiological effects when administered to a variety of animal species. A structurally strained cyclopropene ring is present in all CPFA and is believed responsible for the toxic action of these fatty acids. Dietary consumption of CPFA by mammals, poultry and fish has resulted in toxic responses including hepatic damage, impaired reproductive capabilities and sizeable alterations in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, CPFA have been identified as mildly carcinogenic and strongly cocarcinogenic towards rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The mechanism by which CPFA enhance carcinogenesis is currently not understood. The research in this thesis has therefore been directed toward obtaining a better understanding as to how CPFA induce toxic responses in rainbow trout. Hepatic plasma membranes were isolated from both control trout and trout which had consumed dietary CPFA. The plasma membranes were then compared via the use of electron microscopy, chromatographic analysis of phospholipid and fatty acid content, two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins, and Western blot analysis of concanavalin A sensitive glycoproteins. Electron micrographs revealed that control plasma membranes appeared more homogeneous than CPFA membranes and were characterized by more membrane sheets and less vesicularization. The analysis of enzyme activities revealed that CPFA caused a decrease in whole liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity and that control plasma membranes expressed slightly higher glucose-6-phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase activities as compared to CPFA membranes. Although dietary CPFA appeared to have no effect on the phospholipid content of the plasma membranes, significant alterations in the fatty acid profiles of ethanolamine and choline phospholipids were observed. CPFA caused a decrease in palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids while the level of stearic and docosahexaenoic acids subsequently increased. Differences between the protein content of control and CPFA plasma membranes were made clear through the analysis of electrophoretic and Western blotting data. Membranes isolated from fish fed CPFA contained several proteins of high molecular weight (above 66,000 daltons) and other proteins of high isoelectric point that were not present in control plasma membranes. Additionally, two families of glycoproteins which had previously been identified as microsomal in origin were detected only in CPFA plasma membranes. A discussion concerning the possible causes and biological ramifications of the observed subcellular alterations caused by CPFA insult is also presented in this thesis.
Book Synopsis Effect of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Membrane Components of Liver of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : Mark A. Einerson
Download or read book Effect of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Membrane Components of Liver of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Mark A. Einerson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on the membrane components of livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In the first study, 14C-sterculic acid was administered by intraperitoneal injection into rainbow trout and the trout maintained for 72 hours. The labelled sterculic acid was found in choline phospholipids (CP) and ethanolamine phospholipids (EP). Smaller amounts of label were found in other microsomal membrane lipid components. No label was found associated with the proteins of the microsomal membrane. Phospholipase A2 treatment of isolated CP and EP showed 14C-sterculic acid to be preferentially esterified to the 1-position of the glycerol backbone. In the second study, the cleavable bifunctional protein crosslinking reagent dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate-2HCl (DTBP) was used in an attempt to study alterations in the spatial arrangement of proteins in liver microsomal and plasma membranes that might be induced by dietary CPFA. The use of this reagent failed to yield a clear picture of protein-protein interactions in the microsomal membrane due to the formation of high molecular weight aggregates that were not resolvable on polyacrylamide gels. On the other hand, the use of DTBP failed to crosslink the proteins of the plasma membrane. In the third study, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the effects of dietary CPFA on protein composition of trout liver microsomal and plasma membranes. Proteins were separated in the first dimension on the basis of their isoelectric points and in the second dimension on the basis of their molecular weights. No major alterations in the composition of liver microsomal or plasma membranes were found to be induced by dietary CPFA.
Book Synopsis Some Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii) by : Caroll Marie Combs
Download or read book Some Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii) written by Caroll Marie Combs and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diets containing cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) were fed to rainbow trout. At a level of 223 ppm (from Sterculia foetida oil), these CPFA in six weeks reduced weight gain by as much as 50 percent over the control fish on the same diet without CPFA. Compounds containing the intact cyclopropene ring were recovered from the tissue lipids of the trout at approximately two-thirds of the level fed. These acids seemed to concentrate in the egg lipids of the adult female fish. At 223 and 2233 ppm (from S. foetida oil) and 50 ppm (from food grade cottonseed flour) the CPFA were demonstrated to alter lipid metabolism. In general, the CPFA fed fish had higher stearic and palmitic acid levels and lower oleic and palmitoleic acid levels in their tissue lipids than did the controls. On diets containing corn oil or corn oil plus salmon oil, fish fed CPFA tended to deposit more long chain unsaturated fatty acids than did their controls. When provided with tristearin as the sole dietary lipid, the CPFA fed fish reduced the level of unsaturation of their tissue lipids.
Book Synopsis Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids by : Michael Thomas Morrissey
Download or read book Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids written by Michael Thomas Morrissey and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were conducted to determine the effects of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on the microsomal membrane of livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Slab and tube gel electrophoresis of microsomes from trout fed a CPFA diet (CPFA-microsomes) for varying time periods showed a decrease in the number of protein bands resolved in the high molecular weight region. This disappearance of high molecular weight proteins was not due to increased proteolysis in the CPFA-microsomes. Antibodies against whole microsomal protein from livers of trout fed 300 ppm CPFA were produced in rabbits. Microsomal proteins were first separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), transferred to nitrocellulose sheets (NC) and analyzed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunochemical staining procedure. Immunoabsorption of antisera directed against CPFA-microsomes by control-microsomes did not reveal any new proteins induced by the CPFA diets. However, the intensity of PAP staining was much greater in CPFA microsomes after immunoabsorption. Hydrolysis of phospholipids in the microsomal membrane by phospholipase A2 failed to reveal any differences between control and CPFA fed trout. Proteolysis of microsomal membrane proteins had similar effects on NADPH cytochrome reductase and cytochrome P-450 activity on fish fed the different diets. PAGE analysis of these digests did show some differences in digested proteins between the control and CPFA group. These results may reflect a possible change in orientation of microsomal membrane proteins brought about by CPFA in the diet. Additional evidence for altered orientation of proteins was found with PAGE analysis of trypsin-digested microsomes. Moreover incubation of trypsin-digested microsomes with antisera and stained with PAP showed that proteolytic attack was different between control and CPFA microsomes. A final study with incubation of transferred proteins from control and CPFA-microsomes with antisera directed against purified cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and cytocrome P-448 (P-448) showed that CPFA had an effect on the concentration of P-448 but not P-450.
Book Synopsis Dietary Fish Oil by : María Elena Zúñiga Saldierna
Download or read book Dietary Fish Oil written by María Elena Zúñiga Saldierna and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sport Fishery Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Dissertation Index by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Federation Proceedings by : Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Download or read book Federation Proceedings written by Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Fish by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Fish written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the latest research in fish nutrition, this volume revises and combines the 1981 edition on coldwater fish and the 1983 edition on warmwater fish and shellfish. In addition to updating requirements for energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins, this book provides, for the first time, summary tables on nutrient requirements of a variety of fish species, including channel catfish, rainbow trout, Pacific salmon, carp, and tilapia. Tabular data on amino acid requirements of 11 species are also included. Shellfish are not included in this edition because of lack of scientific information.
Book Synopsis Diet and Health by : National Research Council
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Veterinarius written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-05-25 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaculture now supplies half of the seafood and fisheries products consumed worldwide and is gaining international significance as a source of food and income. Future demands for seafood and fisheries products can only be met by expanded aquaculture production. Such production will likely become more intensive and will depend increasingly on nutritious and efficient aquaculture feeds containing ingredients from sustainable sources. To meet this challenge, Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge about nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp and supporting nutritional science. This edition incorporates new material and significant updates to information in the 1993 edition. It also examines the practical aspects of feeding of fish and shrimp. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp will be a key resource for everyone involved in aquaculture and for others responsible for the feeding and care of fish and shrimp. It will also aid scientists in developing new and improved approaches to satisfy the demands of the growing aquaculture industry.
Book Synopsis Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index by :
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pandex Current Index to Scientific and Technical Literature by :
Download or read book Pandex Current Index to Scientific and Technical Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
