Effects Of Blood Pressure On Brain Microstructure And Cognition In Healthy Older Adults

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Effects of Blood Pressure on Brain Microstructure and Cognition in Healthy Older Adults

Author : Sarah Ann Cooley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (954 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Blood Pressure on Brain Microstructure and Cognition in Healthy Older Adults by : Sarah Ann Cooley

Download or read book Effects of Blood Pressure on Brain Microstructure and Cognition in Healthy Older Adults written by Sarah Ann Cooley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension represents one of the major modifiable health concerns in the U.S., with over one-third of adults classified as hypertensive, and another one-third meeting the classification for pre-hypertensive. Older adults are at the highest risk for hypertension. Although results have been mixed, a majority of the literature suggests that hypertension is associated with increased cognitive decline in older adults, particularly in frontally-mediated cognition such as executive functioning, processing speed, and attention. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and altered white matter microstructure are two consequences of hypertension that are thought to mediate the relationship between hypertension and cognitive aging. The goals of this study were to examine the impact of hypertension on two major white matter tracts that connect posterior regions of the brain with the frontal lobe and WMHs, to identify whether baseline blood pressure, baseline white matter tract integrity and baseline WMH volume contribute to frontally-mediated cognitive performance at a baseline visit, and to examine the longitudinal changes in white matter integrity and cognition in individuals who were hypertensive at baseline compared to baseline normotensives. Sixty older adults with both baseline and 3-year follow-up cognitive and imaging data were analyzed. Results indicated no significant relationships between blood pressure and white matter integrity or cognition at baseline or longitudinally. However, results suggested significant relationships between lower white matter integrity and worse cognitive performance on tests of executive functioning and processing speed. Although blood pressure did not significantly contribute to brain aging in this sample of healthy older adults, future work might identify other possible factors that could influence the relationship between aging and cognitive decline.

Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging

Author : Roberto Cabeza
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190660236
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging by : Roberto Cabeza

Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging written by Roberto Cabeza and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the popular Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging provides up-to-date coverage of the most fundamental topics in this discipline. Like the first edition, this volume accessibly and comprehensively reviews the neural mechanisms of cognitive aging appropriate to both professionals and students in a variety of domains, including psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neurology, and psychiatry. The chapters are organized into three sections. The first section focuses on major questions regarding methodological approaches and experimental design. It includes chapters on structural imaging (MRI, DTI), functional imaging (fMRI), and molecular imaging (dopamine PET, etc), and covers multimodal imaging, longitudinal studies, and the interpretation of imaging findings. The second section concentrates on specific cognitive abilities, including attention and inhibitory control, executive functions, memory, and emotion. The third section turns to domains with health and clinical implications, such as the emergence of cognitive deficits in middle age, the role of genetics, the effects of modulatory variables (hypertension, exercise, cognitive engagement), and the distinction between healthy aging and the effects of dementia and depression. Taken together, the chapters in this volume, written by many of the most eminent scientists as well as young stars in this discipline, provide a unified and comprehensive overview of cognitive neuroscience of aging.

The Aging Mind

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309069408
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Aging Mind by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Aging Mind written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-18 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.

Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions

Author : Po-Wing Ma
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361372258
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (722 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions by : Po-Wing Ma

Download or read book Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions written by Po-Wing Ma and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions" by Po-wing, Ma, 馬寶詠, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Prior clinical studies have documented that high blood pressure is one of the prominent risk factors leading to cerebrovascular disease and subsequent cognitive impairment. The present study aims to examine the relationship between blood pressure and brain and cognitive function in a community sample. This study recruited 41 elderly persons aged 60-70. Multiple imaging modalities were adopted to assess white matter microstructure, regional brain volume, and resting-state neural activity while a set of neuropsychological tests was used to assess cognitive function. With blood pressure measured at clinical interview, correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results showed reduced white matter integrity with increased systolic blood pressure in the splenium of the corpus callosum and inferior longitudinal fasciculus in the absence of change in brain volume or neural activity. Also, increased systolic blood pressure was found to be correlated with poorer cognitive performance in information processing speed. The results held significant after controlling age, sex, and education. These observations of the subclinical sample suggest that high blood pressure relates to subtle changes in the brain and cognitive deficits. Blood pressure control, as a relatively modifiable factor, should be taken seriously in community-dwelling elderly. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5435587 Subjects: Blood pressure Clinical neuropsychology

The Wiley Handbook on the Aging Mind and Brain

Author : Matthew Rizzo
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111877177X
Total Pages : 807 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wiley Handbook on the Aging Mind and Brain by : Matthew Rizzo

Download or read book The Wiley Handbook on the Aging Mind and Brain written by Matthew Rizzo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thought-provoking treatise on understanding and treating the aging mind and brain This handbook recognizes the critical issues surrounding mind and brain health by tackling overarching and pragmatic needs so as to better understand these multifaceted issues. This includes summarizing and synthesizing critical evidence, approaches, and strategies from multidisciplinary research—all of which have advanced our understanding of the neural substrates of attention, perception, memory, language, decision-making, motor behavior, social cognition, emotion, and other mental functions. Written by a plethora of health experts from around the world, The Wiley Handbook on the Aging Mind and Brain offers in-depth contributions in 7 sections: Introduction; Methods of Assessment; Brain Functions and Behavior across the Lifespan; Cognition, Behavior and Disease; Optimizing Brain Function in Health and Disease; Forensics, Competence, Legal, Ethics and Policy Issues; and Conclusion and New Directions. Geared toward improving the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of many brain-based disorders that occur in older adults and that cause disability and death Seeks to advance the care of patients who have perceptual, cognitive, language, memory, emotional, and many other behavioral symptoms associated with these disorders Addresses principles and practice relevant to challenges posed by the US National Academy of Sciences and National Institute of Aging (NIA) Presents materials at a scientific level that is appropriate for a wide variety of providers The Wiley Handbook on the Aging Mind and Brain is an important text for neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, physiatrists, geriatricians, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, and other primary caregivers who care for patients in routine and specialty practices as well as students, interns, residents, and fellows.

Blood Pressure, White Matter Disease, and Cognitive Decline in the Normal Elderly Population

Author : Beth Ann Springate
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis Blood Pressure, White Matter Disease, and Cognitive Decline in the Normal Elderly Population by : Beth Ann Springate

Download or read book Blood Pressure, White Matter Disease, and Cognitive Decline in the Normal Elderly Population written by Beth Ann Springate and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Blood Pressure and Cognitive Performance in a Sample of Puerto Rican Older Adults

Author : César A. Medina Díaz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Blood Pressure and Cognitive Performance in a Sample of Puerto Rican Older Adults by : César A. Medina Díaz

Download or read book Blood Pressure and Cognitive Performance in a Sample of Puerto Rican Older Adults written by César A. Medina Díaz and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following dissertation comprehends a secondary analysis examining the impact of blood pressure on cognitive performance among Puerto Rican older adults. The sample used was part of the research titled Cognitive Performance and Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors in a Sample of Independent Older Adults. The older adult population is expected to significantly increase in the following decades. Puerto Rico is not an exception. The aging process includes changes that may be common, yet not necessarily normal. Neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease and other cognitive impairment help classify these changes. The current research aimed to answer the following question: What is the impact of hypertension on older adult's cognitive performance?; while testing the following hypotheses: (1) There will be significant differences between cognitive performance and blood pressure levels; and (2) Cognitive performance will be significantly lower as hypertension level increases (i.e., stage 1 or stage 2). The data bank for this study included all the cases (n=40) of participants aged 60 and over who were cognitively healthy (i.e., who obtained MMSE scores equal or higher to 25) and had basic computer skills. The participants cognitive performance was evaluated through a modified version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) that allowed remote administration due to the current Covid-19 Pandemic. There were no statistically significant results between blood pressure levels and cognitive performance. However, more than half of the participants reported having high blood pressure, which exposes them to issues related to cardiovascular health.

Acute Effects of Diet and Exercise on Cognative [i.e. Cognitive) Function and Brain Activation in an Aging Population

Author : Natalie Stein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Acute Effects of Diet and Exercise on Cognative [i.e. Cognitive) Function and Brain Activation in an Aging Population by : Natalie Stein

Download or read book Acute Effects of Diet and Exercise on Cognative [i.e. Cognitive) Function and Brain Activation in an Aging Population written by Natalie Stein and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

MRI Atlas of Human White Matter

Author : Kenichi Oishi
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123820820
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis MRI Atlas of Human White Matter by : Kenichi Oishi

Download or read book MRI Atlas of Human White Matter written by Kenichi Oishi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-11-12 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MRI Atlas of Human White Matter presents an atlas to the human brain on the basis of T 1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. A general background on magnetic resonance imaging is provided, as well as the basics of diffusion tensor imaging. An overview of the principles and limitations in using this methodology in fiber tracking is included. This book describes the core white-matter structures, as well as the superficial white matter, the deep gray matter, and the cortex. It also presents a three-dimensional reconstruction and atlas of the brain white-matter tracts. The Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates, which are the most widely used, are adopted in this book as the primary coordinate system. The Talairach coordinate system is used as the secondary coordinate system. Based on magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, the book offers a full segmentation of 220 white-matter and gray-matter structures with boundaries. - Visualization of brain white matter anatomy via 3D diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) contrasts and enhances relationship of anatomy to function - Full segmentation of 170+ brain regions more clearly defines structure boundaries than previous point-and-annotate anatomical labeling, and connectivity is mapped in a way not provided by traditional atlases

Diastolic Blood Pressure and Neurodegeneration

Author : Brianna E. Staley Shumaker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Diastolic Blood Pressure and Neurodegeneration by : Brianna E. Staley Shumaker

Download or read book Diastolic Blood Pressure and Neurodegeneration written by Brianna E. Staley Shumaker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although cardiovascular risk factors have continued to play a central role in the scientific discussion of dementia, the mechanisms by which these factors influence the development of dementia remain to be discovered. Further, limited research has focused on the unique role diastolic blood pressure (DBP) has on cognitive functioning and brain volume. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the interplay between cardiovascular and pathophysiological risk factors for dementia, by specifically examining the effect elevated DBP within normal blood pressure range (NBPR) has on verbal memory, executive functioning, frontal lobe volume, and hippocampal volume in a cognitively healthy, high functioning, older adult population. Participants were derived from archival data at Huntington Medical Research Institutes (HMRI) with the sample consisting of 35 cognitively healthy, high functioning older adults. Building upon early findings of a significant relationship between DBP NBPR and verbal memory (Staley Shumaker, 2015), simple multiple GLM regressions were conducted to explore the relationships between the independent variable, DBP NBPR, the dependent variables of cognitive functioning, and pathophysiological factors (i.e., frontal volume, hippocampal volume). DBP NBPR was found to be a good predictor of cognitive functioning (i.e., total verbal memory, CVLT-II, Stroop C performance), and frontal lobe volume (i.e., RH frontal pole and total frontal pole volume). A slight trend was noted between DBP NBPR and total hippocampal volume and RH hippocampal volume. RH frontal pole volume and total frontal volume were also found to be significant mediators between DBP NBPR and total verbal memory, and RH frontal pole volume was found to be a significant mediator of DBP NBPR and CVLT-II LDFR z scores.

Factors Affecting Neurological Aging

Author : Colin R Martin
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128179910
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Neurological Aging by : Colin R Martin

Download or read book Factors Affecting Neurological Aging written by Colin R Martin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors Affecting Neurological Aging: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet is a comprehensive reference on the genetic and behavioral features associated with neurological aging and associated disorders. This book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological aging and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the aging of neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the physiological, behavioral, molecular, and cellular features of neurological aging. Finally, this comprehensive resource examines the use of animal modeling of aging and neurological disease. - Provides the most comprehensive coverage on a broad range of topics related to the neuroscience of aging - Features sections on the genetic components that influence aging and diseases of aging - Focuses on neurological diseases and conditions linked to aging, environmental factors and clinical recommendations - Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables

White Matter Dementia

Author : Christopher M. Filley
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107035414
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis White Matter Dementia by : Christopher M. Filley

Download or read book White Matter Dementia written by Christopher M. Filley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the novel concept of white matter dementia, this unique book offers hope for a better understanding and treatment of dementia.

Executive Functions in Health and Disease

Author : Elkhonon Goldberg
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128037059
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Executive Functions in Health and Disease by : Elkhonon Goldberg

Download or read book Executive Functions in Health and Disease written by Elkhonon Goldberg and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-04 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive Functions in Health and Disease provides a comprehensive review of both healthy and disordered executive function. It discusses what executive functions are, what parts of the brain are involved, what happens when they go awry in cases of dementia, ADHD, psychiatric disorders, traumatic injury, developmental disorders, cutting edge methods for studying executive functions and therapies for treating executive function disorders. It will appeal to neuropsychologists, clinical psychologists, neuroscientists and researchers in cognitive psychology. - Encompasses healthy executive functioning as well as dysfunction - Identifies prefrontal cortex and other brain areas associated with executive functions - Reviews methods and tools used in executive function research - Explores executive dysfunction in dementia, ADHD, PTSD, TBI, developmental and psychiatric disorders - Discusses executive function research expansion in social and affective neuroscience, neuroeconomics, aging and criminology - Includes color neuroimages showing executive function brain activity

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Author : Leonardo Pantoni
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107031664
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral Small Vessel Disease by : Leonardo Pantoni

Download or read book Cerebral Small Vessel Disease written by Leonardo Pantoni and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date discussion of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this common cause of stroke and cognitive impairment.

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging

Author : Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108641431
Total Pages : 969 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging by : Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging written by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies show that more people than ever before are reaching old age in better health and enjoying that health for a longer time. This Handbook outlines the latest discoveries in the study of aging from bio-medicine, psychology, and socio-demography. It treats the study of aging as a multidisciplinary scientific subject, since it requires the interplay of broad disciplines, while offering high motivation, positive attitudes, and behaviors for aging well, and lifestyle changes that will help people to stay healthier across life span and in old age. Written by leading scholars from various academic disciplines, the chapters delve into the most topical aspects of aging today - including biological mechanisms of aging, aging with health, active and productive aging, aging with satisfaction, aging with respect, and aging with dignity. Aimed at health professionals as well as general readers, this Cambridge Handbook offers a new, positive approach to later life.

Fiber Pathways of the Brain

Author : Jeremy D. Schmahmann
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195388267
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Fiber Pathways of the Brain by : Jeremy D. Schmahmann

Download or read book Fiber Pathways of the Brain written by Jeremy D. Schmahmann and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2009-02-11 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The text is enriched throughout by close attention to functional aspects of the anatomical observations."--Jacket.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Author : Wim Van Hecke
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493931180
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Diffusion Tensor Imaging by : Wim Van Hecke

Download or read book Diffusion Tensor Imaging written by Wim Van Hecke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the practical aspects of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), from understanding the basis of the technique through selection of the right protocols, trouble-shooting data quality, and analyzing DTI data optimally. DTI is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for visualizing and quantifying tissue microstructure based on diffusion. The book discusses the theoretical background underlying DTI and advanced techniques based on higher-order models and multi-shell diffusion imaging. It covers the practical implementation of DTI; derivation of information from DTI data; and a range of clinical applications, including neurosurgical planning and the assessment of brain tumors. Its practical utility is enhanced by decision schemes and a fully annotated DTI brain atlas, including color fractional anisotropy maps and 3D tractography reconstructions of major white matter fiber bundles. Featuring contributions from leading specialists in the field of DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Practical Handbook is a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, MRI technicians and clinicians.