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Effects Of Alternative Jet Fuels On Aerospace Grade Composites Experimental And Modeling Studies
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Book Synopsis Effects of Alternative Jet Fuels on Aerospace-grade Composites: Experimental and Modeling Studies by : Naoufal Harich
Download or read book Effects of Alternative Jet Fuels on Aerospace-grade Composites: Experimental and Modeling Studies written by Naoufal Harich and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aviation industry aims to reduce its environmental impact through innovation and research. The usage of composite materials for multiple primary structures represents one such measure. Several alternative fuels were approved and used along with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). These alternative fuels are produced from wastes and biomasses. Some alternative fuels were initially only approved as drop-in fuels, meaning they must be blended with conventional fuels to operate. Fuel tanks are usually embedded into the wing structure, which is mainly made of composite materials. These composites tend to absorb fluids it encounters through their matrix phase. The absorption behavior of conventional fuels by composite materials is well documented, while alternative fuels, blended or pure, are not as widely reported. The effects of four alternative fuel blends on aerospace-grade composites were investigated and compared with the conventional fuel Jet A. No significant differences were found in weight gain. The thermomechanical properties changes were also studied, with no difference between the alternative fuel blends and the conventional fuel. Additionally, model fluids with similar chemical structures as alternative fuels were used. The uptake of these model fluids was studied cyclically and compared with Jet A and one aromatic fluid. Small differences were seen in the weight gain results, primarily due to the type of model fluids used. Also, the thermomechanical properties showed no differences between these model fluids, Jet A and the pure aromatic fluid. This means that the slight differences in weight gain did not affect the changes in properties. From the results obtained, the alternative fuels blended, and the model fluids showed no differences in effects on the thermomechanical properties versus Jet A. This implies that similar effects are expected from either type of fluids used. Finite element analysis was used to model fluid's diffusion in composite materials using different material parameters. The parameters were fiber packing, arrangement and permeability. Each parameters impacted the equilibrium uptake and the diffusion rate differently.
Book Synopsis Experimental and modeling studies of the combustion characteristics of conventional and alternative jet fuels final report by :
Download or read book Experimental and modeling studies of the combustion characteristics of conventional and alternative jet fuels final report written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scaling Air Quality Effects from Alternative Jet Fuel in Aircraft and Ground Support Equipment by : Pearl Elizabeth Donohoo-Vallett
Download or read book Scaling Air Quality Effects from Alternative Jet Fuel in Aircraft and Ground Support Equipment written by Pearl Elizabeth Donohoo-Vallett and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the nation's largest airports, including Los Angeles International Airport, the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Chicago O'Hare International Airport and Washington Dulles International Airport are located within areas designated by the EPA as having ambient particulate matter concentrations that exceed National Ambient Air Quality standards. When inhaled, fine particulate matter can enter the blood stream from the lungs and increase the risk of illness and premature mortality. This thesis examines the potential of two jet fuel types, ultra low sulfur jet fuel and synthetic paraffinic kerosene, to reduce aviation's contribution to ambient particulate matter concentrations. Scaling factors were developed for airport criteria pollutant emissions to model alternative jet fuels in aircraft and ground support equipment. These linear scaling factors were based on currently published studies comparing standard diesel and jet fuels with alternative jet fuels. It was found that alternative jet fuels lower or maintain all air pollutant emissions considered (primary particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrous oxides, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) for both aircraft and ground support equipment. To quantify the potential benefits of changing fuel composition on ambient particulate matter concentrations, a study of the Atlanta Hartsfield Jackson International Airport was completed using both emissions inventory analysis and atmospheric modeling. The atmospheric modeling captures both primary particulate matter and other emissions that react in the atmosphere to form secondary particulate matter. It was found that the use of an ultra low sulfur jet fuel in aircraft gas turbines could reduce the primary particulate matter inventory by 37% and synthetic paraffinic kerosene could reduce the primary particulate matter inventory by 64%. The atmospheric modeling predicts that an ultra low sulfur jet fuel in aircraft could reduce ambient particulate matter concentrations due to aircraft by up to 57% and synthetic paraffinic kerosene could reduce particulate matter concentrations due to aircraft by up to 67%. Thus, this study indicates that the majority of air quality benefits at Atlanta Hartsfield Jackson International Airport that could be derived from the two fuels considered can be captured by removing the sulfur from jet fuel through the use of an ultra low sulfur jet fuel.
Book Synopsis Materials and Process Modeling of Aerospace Composites by : Charles Lu
Download or read book Materials and Process Modeling of Aerospace Composites written by Charles Lu and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the successful production of carbon fibers in early 1960s, composite materials have emerged as the materials of choice for general aviation aircraft, military aircraft, space launch vehicles, and unmanned air vehicles. This has revolutionized the aerospace industry due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties, as well as weight-reducing ability. The next- generation material development model should operate in an integrated computational environment, where new material development, manufacturability, and product design practice are seamlessly interconnected. Materials and Process Modeling of Aerospace Composites reports recent developments on materials and processes of aerospace composites by using computational modeling, covering the following aspects: • The historical uses of composites in aerospace industry, documenting in detail the early usage of composite materials on Premier I by Raytheon to recent full-scale applications of composites on large commercial aircraft by Boeing and Airbus. • An overview on the classifications of composites used in aerospace industry, ranging from conventional glass- fiber reinforced composites to advanced graphene nanocomposites. • The recent work on computational material engineering on aerospace composite materials, including fundamental computational frame work and case studies on the modeling of materials and processes
Book Synopsis Effects of Fuel Composition on Combustion Stability and NO Emissions for Traditional and Alternative Jet Fuels by : Shazib Z. Vijlee
Download or read book Effects of Fuel Composition on Combustion Stability and NO Emissions for Traditional and Alternative Jet Fuels written by Shazib Z. Vijlee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic jet fuels are studied to help understand their viability as alternatives to traditionally derived jet fuel. Two combustion parameters - flame stability and NOX emissions - are used to compare these fuels through experiments and models. At its core, this is a fuels study comparing how chemical makeup and behavior relate. Six 'real', complex fuels are studied in this work - four are synthetic from alternative sources and two are traditional from petroleum sources. Two of the synthetic fuels are derived from natural gas and coal via the Fischer Tropsch catalytic process. The other two are derived from Camelina oil and tallow via hydroprocessing. The traditional military jet fuel, JP8, is used as a baseline as it is derived from petroleum. The sixth fuel is derived from petroleum and is used to study the effects of aromatic content on the synthetic fuels. The synthetic fuels lack aromatic compounds, which are an important class of hydrocarbons necessary for fuel handling systems to function properly. Several single-component fuels are studied (through models and/or experiments) to facilitate interpretation and understanding. Methane is used for detailed modeling as it has a relatively small and well-understood chemical kinetic mechanism. Toluene, iso-octane, n-octane, propylcyclohexane, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene are included as they are all potential surrogates for jet fuel components. The flame stability study first compares all the `real', complex fuels for blowout. A toroidal stirred reactor is used to try and isolate temperature and chemical effects. The reactor has a volume of 250 mL and a residence time of approximately 8.0 ms. The air flow rate is held constant such that the inlet jets are sonic and turbulent mixing is present throughout the reactor. The fuel flow rate (hence equivalence ratio) is slowly lowered until the flame cannot sustain itself and it extinguishes. The results show that there is very little variation in blowout temperature and equivalence ratio for the synthetic fuels when compared to JP8 with low levels (0, 10, and 20%) of the aromatic additive. However, the 100% aromatic fuel behaved significantly differently and showed a lower resistance to blowout (i.e., it blew out at a higher temperature and equivalence ratio). The modeling study of blowout in the toroidal reactor is the key to understanding any fuel-based differences in blowout behavior. A detailed, reacting CFD model of methane is used to understand how the reactor stabilizes the flame and how that changes as the reactor approaches blowout. A 22 species reduced form of GRI 3.0 is used to model methane chemistry. The model shows that the reactor is quite homogenous at high temperatures, far away from blowout, and the transport of chain-initiating and chain-branching radical species is responsible for stabilizing the flame. Particularly, OH radical is recirculated around the reactor with enough concentration and at a high enough rate such that the radicals interact with the incoming fuel/air and initiate fuel decomposition. However, as equivalence ratio decreases, the reactor begins to behave in a more zonal nature and the radical concentration/location is no longer sufficient to initiate or sustain combustion. The knowledge of the radical species role is utilized to investigate the differences between a highly aliphatic fuel (surrogated by iso-octane) and a highly aromatic fuel (surrogated by toluene). A perfectly stirred reactor model is used to study the chemical kinetic pathways for these fuels near blowout. The differences in flame stabilization can be attributed to the rate at which these fuels are attacked and destroyed by radical species. The slow disintegration of the aromatic rings reduces the radical pool available for chain-initiating and chain-branching, which ultimately leads to an earlier blowout. The NOX study compares JP8, the aromatic additive, the synthetic fuels with and without an aromatic additive, and an aromatic surrogate (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene). A jet stirred reactor is used to try and isolate temperature and chemical effects. The reactor has a volume of 15.8 mL and a residence time of approximately 2.5 ms. The fuel flow rate (hence equivalence ratio) is adjusted to achieve nominally consistent temperatures of 1800, 1850, and 1900K. Small oscillations in fuel flow rate cause the data to appear in bands, which facilitated Arrhenius-type NOX-temperature correlations for direct comparison between fuels. The fuel comparisons are somewhat inconsistent, especially when the aromatic fuel is blended into the synthetic fuels. In general, the aromatic surrogate (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) produces the most NOX, followed by JP8. The synthetic fuels (without aromatic additive) are always in the same ranking order for NOX production (HP Camelina > FT Coal > FT Natural Gas > HP Tallow). The aromatic additive ranks differently based on the temperature, which appears to indicate that some of the differences in NOX formation are due to the Zeldovich NOX formation pathway. The aromatic additive increases NOX for the HP Tallow and decreases NOX for the FT Coal. The aromatic additive causes increased NOX at low temperatures but decreases NOX at high temperatures for the HP Camelina and FT Natural Gas. A single perfectly stirred reactor model is used with several chemical kinetic mechanisms to study the effects of fuel (and fuel class) on NOX formation. The 27 unique NOX formation reactions from GRI 3.0 are added to published mechanisms for jet fuel surrogates. The investigation first looked at iso-octane and toluene and found that toluene produces more NOX because of a larger pool of O radical. The O radical concentration was lower for iso-octane because of an increased concentration of methyl (CH3) radical that consumes O radical readily. Several surrogate fuels (iso-octane, toluene, propylcyclohexane, n-octane, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) are modeled to look for differences in NOX production. The trend (increased CH3→ decreased O → decreased NOX) is consistently true for all surrogate fuels with multiple kinetic mechanisms. It appears that the manner in which the fuel disintegrates and creates methyl radical is an extremely important aspect of how much NOX a fuel will produce.
Book Synopsis Aviation Fuels by : Bhupendra Khandelwal
Download or read book Aviation Fuels written by Bhupendra Khandelwal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-20 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation Fuels provides up-to-date data on fuel effects on combustion performance and use of alternative fuels in aircraft. This book covers the latest advances on aviation fuel technologies, including alternative fuels, feedstocks and manufacturing processes, combustion performance, chemical modeling, fuel systems compatibility and the technical and environmental challenges for implementing the use of alternative fuels for aviation. Aviation fuel and combustion researchers, academics, and program managers for aviation technologies will value this comprehensive overview and summary on the present status of aviation fuels. - Presents an overview on all relevant fields of aviation fuels, including production, approval, fuel systems compatibility and combustion (including emissions) - Discusses the environmental impacts and carbon footprint of alternative fuels - Features a chapter on electric flight and hydrogen powered aircraft and how its implementation will impact the aviation industry
Download or read book Green Aviation written by Emily S. Nelson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft emissions currently account for ~3.5% of all greenhouse gas emissions. The number of passenger miles has increased by 5% annually despite 9/11, two wars and gloomy economic conditions. Since aircraft have no viable alternative to the internal combustion engine, improvements in aircraft efficiency and alternative fuel development become essential. This book comprehensively covers the relevant issues in green aviation. Environmental impacts, technology advances, public policy and economics are intricately linked to the pace of development that will be realized in the coming decades. Experts from NASA, industry and academia review current technology development in green aviation that will carry the industry through 2025 and beyond. This includes increased efficiency through better propulsion systems, reduced drag airframes, advanced materials and operational changes. Clean combustion and emission control of noise, exhaust gases and particulates are also addressed through combustor design and the use of alternative fuels. Economic imperatives from aircraft lifetime and maintenance logistics dictate the drive for "drop-in" fuels, blending jet-grade and biofuel. New certification standards for alternative fuels are outlined. Life Cycle Assessments are used to evaluate worldwide biofuel approaches, highlighting that there is no single rational approach for sustainable buildup. In fact, unless local conditions are considered, the use of biofuels can create a net increase in environmental impact as a result of biofuel manufacturing processes. Governmental experts evaluate current and future regulations and their impact on green aviation. Sustainable approaches to biofuel development are discussed for locations around the globe, including the US, EU, Brazil, China and India.
Book Synopsis Fuel Structure Effects on Surrogate Alternative Jet Fuel Emission by : Giacomo Flora
Download or read book Fuel Structure Effects on Surrogate Alternative Jet Fuel Emission written by Giacomo Flora and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of alternative jet fuels has opened new challenges for the selection of practical alternatives that minimize the emissions and are suitable for existing gas turbine engines. Alternative jet fuels are in the early stages of development, and little fundamental emissions data are currently available. An accurate knowledge of their combustion behavior is highly important for a proper fuel selection based on emissions.This dissertation work investigated the oxidation of different alternative fuel surrogates composed of binary mixtures in order to correlate fuel composition with emissions. The proposed surrogate mixtures included n-dodecane/n-heptane (47.5/52.5 by liq. vol.), n-dodecane/iso-octane (47.9/52.1 by liq, vol.), n-dodecane/methylcyclohexane (49/51 by liq. vol.) and n-dodecane/m-xylene (75/25 by liq. vol.) mixtures. Experiments were carried out at the UDRI heated shock tube facility, and covered a pre-ignition temperature range of 950--1550 K at a pre-ignition pressure of ~16 atm, an equivalence ratio of 3, an argon concentration of 93% (by mol), and under homogeneous gas-phase conditions. Experimental data were modeled using the 2014 SERDP mechanism for jet fuel surrogates (525 species and 3199 reactions). Similar ignition delay times were measured for the tested surrogate blends, confirming previous observations regarding the controlling role of normal alkanes during the induction period. The experimental observation was also compared with modeling results reporting reasonably good agreements. A kinetic analysis of the SERDP 2014 mechanism was also performed, highlighting the major chemical pathways relevant to the pre-ignition chemistry, especially the role of the hydroperoxyl radical at the low temperatures. A wide speciation of combustion products was also carried out under the test conditions. All the aliphatic blends reported similar emissions, whereas the presence of m-xylene produced lower emissions than the aliphatic surrogate blends at lower temperatures. For certain species (light gases) this experimental observation was also supported by the kinetic mechanism predictions. However, aromatic species formed from combustion of n-dodecane/m-xylene surrogate blend were always overestimated by the model and in poor agreement with experimental observations. The results also confirmed the role of acetylene as assisting growth of large PAHs and formation of soot.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Transportation, Aviation, and Materials Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :236 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (18 download)
Book Synopsis Alternative Fuels for General Aviation by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Transportation, Aviation, and Materials
Download or read book Alternative Fuels for General Aviation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Transportation, Aviation, and Materials and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book اسلامده خلافت written by and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Implications of Alternative Aviation Fuels on Airbase Air Quality by : Harold A Scott (Jr)
Download or read book The Implications of Alternative Aviation Fuels on Airbase Air Quality written by Harold A Scott (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft alternative fuel emission factors from turbine engine combustor performance tests are integrated into the Air Quality Assessment Model (AQAM) to predict the air quality impact of alternative fuels use in the vicinity of Air Force bases. AQAM computes the alternative fuel emission factors from fuel property inputs, enabling the model to predict concentrations for any proposed alternative fuel blend. In addition to aircraft alternative fuel emissions calculations, AQAM was modified to calculate alternative fuel handling and breathing loss emissions from the fuel properties. Using AQAM with two aircraft engine models, the aircraft alternative fuel annual emissions and resulting short-term pollutant concentrations are computed for a typical Air Force base. The analysis indicates that alternative fuel emissions cause a slight increase in pollution concentrations when compared with the baseline JP-4 fuel. A reduction of evaporative hydrocarbon emissions is predicted due to the alternative fuels' lower volatility in comparison with JP-4. (Author).
Author :North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Structures and Materials Panel. Meeting Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :224 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (243 download)
Book Synopsis The Utilization of Advanced Composites in Military Aircraft by : North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Structures and Materials Panel. Meeting
Download or read book The Utilization of Advanced Composites in Military Aircraft written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Structures and Materials Panel. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Propulsion and Energetics Panel Working Group 13 on Alternative Jet Engine Fuels. Volume 1. Executive Summary by : R. B. Whyte
Download or read book Propulsion and Energetics Panel Working Group 13 on Alternative Jet Engine Fuels. Volume 1. Executive Summary written by R. B. Whyte and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Propulsion and Energetics Panel set up Working Group 13 on Alternative Jet Engine Fuels in 1978 to investigate possible properties of future civil and military aviation fuels and their effects on existing and new jet engines. This report discusses the supply and demand situation for kerosene type fuels, suggests properties of an AGARD Research Fuel for future experimental work, and discusses the probable effects of this kind of fuel on present and future engines. Some conclusions have been drawn based on present knowledge and areas requiring further research have been highlighted. This advisory report was prepared at the request of the Propulsion and Energetic Panel of AGARD.
Book Synopsis Alternative Jet Fuels and the Business of Freedom by : Monica Soria Baledon
Download or read book Alternative Jet Fuels and the Business of Freedom written by Monica Soria Baledon and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Reconciling the challenges of climate change and local pollution with those of economic growth and mobility, have become increasingly pressing and urgent. By 2050, carbon dioxide emissions from international and domestic aviation are anticipated to double their ~2.4% contribution to global warming; a figure that does not consider the radiative forcing effect of other emissions at cruise altitude.This doctoral dissertation investigated the role for alternative jet fuels (AJF) in mitigating the climate impacts of aviation in decades to come. This socio-environmental research was overarched by a Post-Normal Science (PNS) theoretical framework, where a mixed methodological approach to aeronautics and the application of out-of-field methods, were instrumental for the development of both the descriptive and the normative components of PNS. The descriptive component of PNS centered on the implications for environmental governance, of defining post-normal issues in terms of what is and what can be known. Its normative component focused on identifying mechanisms for informing and improving decision-making in the air transport sector, based on reflexive, inclusive and transparent scientific inquiry.The analysis of the discursive foundations of aviation climate policy, including the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) alternative jet fuel strategy, revealed abiding instances of data obliquity, information gaps and asymmetries underlying unquestioned forms of problem representations apropos the environmental impacts of air transport.Some of the options identified in this thesis for addressing these issues encompass: a) an enhanced transparency and access to data collected by governments, industry, academia and other third-parties on aviation emissions from and beyond fuel combustion, b) the harmonization of epistemologies for measuring, allocating, assessing, verifying and reporting environmental data so as to render it comparable, c) a reassessment of the sectoral approach to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for aligning aviation policies and actions with the aims of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, d) greater engagement of stakeholders in the qualitative production, appraisal and use of knowledge, and e) a broad outreach to end-users for getting them involved, individually, in climate action. Problem (mis)representations within the aviation sector have historically bolstered a weak sustainability approach to its sectoral growth that, unless unsettled and replaced by strong sustainability narratives, will continue to effect long-term micro and macroscale risks and repercussions on people and the environment. These discursive and non-discursive practices may also hinder future deployment of sustainable AJF - particularly in countries rich in fossil resources such as Canada - by encouraging the production of fossil-derived fuels, known as lower carbon aviation fuels (LCAF), and when more economical, by favoring carbon offsetting over direct emissions abatement.Weak sustainability narratives in the aviation sector can be challenged by participatory decision-making, where the understanding of what matters, why does it and who says so is as relevant to the future of AJF as their economies of scale. Multi-stakeholder partnerships are promising mechanisms for bringing ofttimes overlooked strong sustainability perspectives and expertise, into the formulation of policies and regulations on AJF beyond the work of the ICAO.To illustrate this, the Canadian case study offered a comprehensive overview of the status, obstacles, opportunities and next steps for strategically addressing commercialization barriers for AJF, by means of a national roadmap - SAFI Canada. This roadmap was the result of the active and pluralistic involvement of stakeholders within a community of interest on AJF that was partly gathered for this purpose"--
Book Synopsis The Effect of Jet Fuel Exposure on Advanced Aerospace Composites II: Mechanical Properties by :
Download or read book The Effect of Jet Fuel Exposure on Advanced Aerospace Composites II: Mechanical Properties written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sensitivity of several advanced aerospace composite materials to military jet fuel, JP-4, was investigated in this study. The following commercially available fiber/matrix prepreg materials were used in this investigation: AS-4/3501-6; IM7/8551-7A; IM7/977-2 (1377-2T); IM7/5250-4; IM8HTA; and AS-4/PEEK(APC-2). The materials were chosen as representative state- of-the-art materials in their classes of standard epoxy, toughened epoxy, toughened BMI, and thermoplastic matrix composites respectively. The materials were processed into (+ or - 45)2S, (0)12T laminates using the manufacturer's recommended process cycle and standard quality assurance checks were performed on the panels. Standard geometry coupons were fabricated from the panels and divided into a control set and test set. The test coupons were immersed in JP-4 in a sealed pressure vessel at 180 F. The weight gain was recorded as a function of the square root of time and the jet fuel was exchanged each time the coupon weight was recorded. In general, the thermoset matrix composites did not pick-up significant levels of fuel in any lay-up examined; while the thermoplastics did absorb JP-4. The amount of JP-4 absorbed by the thermoplastic matrix composites was dependent on the lay-up. After 1680 hours of total exposure time the mechanical properties of the coupons were evaluated.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Alternative Jet Fuels and Effect of Residual Oxygenated Functions Groups on Their Properties by : Anamaria Paiva Pinheiro Pires
Download or read book Characterization of Alternative Jet Fuels and Effect of Residual Oxygenated Functions Groups on Their Properties written by Anamaria Paiva Pinheiro Pires and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
