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Effective Optical And Radiative Properties Of Pulverized Coal Char Particles
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Book Synopsis Effective Optical and Radiative Properties of Pulverized Coal/char Particles by : Sivakumar Manickavasagam
Download or read book Effective Optical and Radiative Properties of Pulverized Coal/char Particles written by Sivakumar Manickavasagam and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of the Radiative of Pulverized-coal Particles. Technical Progress Report, Third Quarter of the Third Year, March 15, 1990--June 15, 1990 by :
Download or read book Determination of the Radiative of Pulverized-coal Particles. Technical Progress Report, Third Quarter of the Third Year, March 15, 1990--June 15, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For accurate modeling of radiative transfer in combustion systems, radiative properties of combustion products are required. It is usually difficult to calculate the properties of nonhomogeneous and irregular-shaped pulverized-coal and char particles, because of the lack of information on optical constants and unavailability of simple and accurate theoretical models. Because of this, it is preferable to determine the required properties from experiments in situ. This can be accomplished by combining optical diagnostic techniques with inverse analyses of radiative transfer problem. In this study, experiments were conducted using a CO2-laser nephelometer to measure angular distribution of light scattered by a cold-layer of pulverized-coal particles. The data obtained from the experiments were used along with a new step-phase function approximation in a numerical inverse radiation scheme to obtain ''effective'' extinction coefficient and scattering phase function for coal particles in narrow size distributions. In addition to that, a mercury-arc-lamp monochromator system was used to obtain spectral absorption coefficient of coal particles as a function of wavelength and coal size.
Book Synopsis Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. First Annual Report by :
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. First Annual Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report covers the first twelve months of the project {open_quotes}Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-Ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames{close_quotes}, that is from September 15, 1992 to September 15, 1993. The objectives of this project can be summarized as follows: (1) obtain the effective radiative properties of pulverized coal/char and soot particles, and (2) determine the concentration distribution of char, fly-ash, and soot particles in coal laden flames as a function of different flame conditions. Research accomplishments in the following areas are described: effective properties of coal and char particles; multilayer sphere model; soot formation model; and soot radiative properties. The experiments are described and plans for future work are outlined.
Book Synopsis The Scattering Phase Function Coefficients of Pulverized-coal Particles in Flames by :
Download or read book The Scattering Phase Function Coefficients of Pulverized-coal Particles in Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most significant mode of heat transfer in large-scale combustion systems is radiative transfer. To model such systems, radiation heat transfer should be accounted for correctly, which requires a thorough knowledge of the radiative properties of combustion products (Viskanta and Menguec, 1987; Menguec and Webb, 1992). It is usually difficult to calculate the properties of coal/char particles and soot agglomerates from theory, as they are non-homogeneous and irregularly shaped. Therefore, it is desirable to determine the effective radiative properties of these particles directly from experiments. The information available for the optical and radiative properties of burning coal/char particles in the infrared region of the wavelength spectrum is scarce. It is more desirable to estimate the effective parameters required in the solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE), i.e., the absorption and scattering coefficients and the scattering phase function of coal and char particles. In the present study, we determined the scattering characteristics of pulverized-coal particles heated in a premixed flame directly from experiments. The details of the theoretical models considered for data reduction were already reported in another paper (Menguec, et al., 1991). In the following sections, first we will briefly discuss the experimental system used. After that the results will be presented and compared against those obtained from the Lorenz-Mie theory for spherical particles.
Book Synopsis Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Quarterly Reports 1 and 2, September 15, 1992--March 15, 1993 by :
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Quarterly Reports 1 and 2, September 15, 1992--March 15, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research program is to determine (a) the radiative properties of coal particles, and (b) concentration distribution of char, fly-ash and soot particles in coal laden gaseous flames. During the first six months, we have concentrated on determining the effective optical and radiative properties of coal particles. This information is necessary to separate coal concentration from that of other particles. For this (1) in situ scattering and (2) ex situ spectrometer experiments were completed, and (3) a computer program was developed to model non-homogeneous, irregular shaped coal/char particles as radially inhomogeneous effective spheres. In addition to these studies, the new experimental system has been designed and built to perform the required experiments.
Book Synopsis Determination of Local Radiative Properties in Coal-fired Flames. Technical Progress Report, September 16, 1989--March 15, 1990 by :
Download or read book Determination of Local Radiative Properties in Coal-fired Flames. Technical Progress Report, September 16, 1989--March 15, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our primary goal in this research is to determine the effective radiative properties of pulverized coal particles in situ. These effective properties can be obtained from a detailed, interactive experimental/analytical procedure. First, a series of experiments are performed, and the attenuation and scattering of incident radiation at several angular orientations are recorded. The physical and optical characteristics of the total particle cloud determines the amount of attenuation, and this information is included in the measured projection data. Effective properties can be determined by solving the inverse radiation problem in a corresponding geometry using these projection intensity data as input. Following this, empirical relations for ''effective radiative properties'' can be derived for given physical conditions. This can be achieved if other physical properties, such as volume fraction and particle size distribution, temperature of the particles and combustion gases, and concentration distribution of gam can be predicted from theory or measured in parallel experiments, and their contributions to the experimental data are quantified. During the period covered by this report, we concentrated our efforts to measure the effective radiative properties of cold coal particles. For this purpose, we used a test cell to obtain a one-dimensional slab of coal particles. The inverse radiation models required for data reduction have been developed previously, and the details have been given in previous report's.
Book Synopsis Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames by :
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Infrared Light on the Composition of the Dust Surrounding Carbon-Rich Stars by : S. Hony
Download or read book Infrared Light on the Composition of the Dust Surrounding Carbon-Rich Stars written by S. Hony and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Door middel van gedetailleerde studies aan de infrarood gegevens van oude sterren is het stof rond koolstofrijke Rode Reuzen onderzocht. De aanwezigheid van een aantal nieuwe materialen in de ruimte is ontdekt. Daarmee is een completer beeld van de samenstelling, locatie en het lot van het stof rond koolstofrijke oude sterren verkregen. Daarmee verschaffen de in dit proefschrift gepresenteerde studies een rijker inzicht in het stof rond oude sterren en deze sterren zelf.
Book Synopsis Oxy-fuel Combustion by : Chuguang Zheng
Download or read book Oxy-fuel Combustion written by Chuguang Zheng and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxy-fuel Combustion: Fundamentals, Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive review of various aspects of oxy-fuel combustion technology, including its concept, fundamental theory, pilot practice, large-scale feasibility studies and related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant. Oxy-fuel combustion, as the most practical large-scale carbon capture power generation technology, has attracted significant attention in the past two decades. As significant progress has been achieved in worldwide demonstration and the oxy-combustion concept confirmed by Schwartze Pump, CUIDEN, Callide, Ponferrada and Yingcheng projects in the past five years, this book provides a timely addition for discussion and study. Covers oxy-fuel combustion technology Includes concepts, fundamentals, pilots and large-scale feasibility studies Considers related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant Focuses on theories and methods closely related to engineering practice
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Quarterly Report No. VI, December 15, 1993--March 15, 1994 by :
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Quarterly Report No. VI, December 15, 1993--March 15, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In combustion systems, particulate matter such as soot, ash, char, as well as combustion gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide participate to radiative heat transfer. In general, the radiative properties of particles are much more important than that for combustion gases because particles absorb, emit and scatter radiation continuously in the entire wavelength spectrum. By contrast, combustion gases participate radiatively only in narrow bands centered around discrete wavelengths. The radiative properties required for typical radiative transfer calculations are absorption and scattering coefficients and scattering phase function. These properties are dependent on the partial pressures and chemical composition of combustion gases, material and physical structure, size, and volume fraction distributions of particles, and of course on the wavelength of the incident radiation. The main objective of this project is to estimate the volume fractions of combustion products by observing their scattering and absorption behaviour when subjected to external electromagnetic radiation.
Book Synopsis Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Technical Progress Report, Second Year, October 1994--December 1994 by :
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Technical Progress Report, Second Year, October 1994--December 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In large-scale coal-fired flames, radiative transfer is significant as a large portion of the energy generated during the char pyrolysis and soot oxidation is transferred to the surroundings by radiation (due to emission). The relatively cold gases and particles which are not burning yet are heated by this incoming energy (absorption), which may have originated not only from the immediate surroundings of the control volume of interest but the entire flame. It is obvious that if the emission and absorption of radiation in such a flame are not accounted for correctly, it is not possible to determine other underlying phenomena with accuracy, as the fundamental principle of conservation of energy would be violated. In order to consider the effect of radiation heat transfer in coal-fired furnaces, we have to (1) model the radiative transfer equation to satisfy the conservation of radiant energy principle; (2) use the correct radiative properties of combustion gases and particles; (3) account for the interaction of radiation with the flow and energy equations. The radiative properties for a participating medium of spherical particles can be expressed in terms of the spectral absorption, extinction, and scattering efficiencies and the phase function for a single particle, and can be calculated from the Lorenz-Mie theory. For small size particles, the expressions are based on the Rayleigh limit of Lorenz-Mie theory, and are significantly simpler. The details are readily available in the literature.
Book Synopsis Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Quarterly Report No. 5, September 15--December 15, 1993 by :
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Quarterly Report No. 5, September 15--December 15, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soot formation model formulated in this study is a simple one and considered mainly to determine the order-of-magnitude variations of soot volume formation distribution in a flame. To this extent the model is considered sufficient. First of all, the soot formation is to be coupled closely with the chemical kinetics models. Recent studies suggest that acetylene formed during the combustion of heavy hydrocarbons play a key role in the formation of PAH molecules and in soot inception. Lindstedt and his coworkers (Fairweather et al., 1992; Leung et al., 1992) used a flamelet model and considered global reactions for soot formation. They derived instantaneous relationships between mixture fraction, density, temperature, and gaseous composition of a combusting mixture. Leung et al. (1991) suggested a four-step soot formation/destruction mechanism, and they connected it to the presence of intermediate pyrolysis products, primarily to acetylene. Two separate competing mechanisms were thought to be responsible from soot mass formation: the formation of incipient particles and the particle surface growth due to adsorption of acetylene molecules.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optic Diagnostics on Pulverized Coal Particles Combustion Dynamics and Alkali Metal Release Behavior by : Ye Yuan
Download or read book Optic Diagnostics on Pulverized Coal Particles Combustion Dynamics and Alkali Metal Release Behavior written by Ye Yuan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on pulverized coal particle devolatilization, ignition, alkali metal release behavior, and burnout temperature using several novel optic diagnostic methods on a Hencken multi-flat flame burner. Firstly, it presents a novel multi-filter technique to detect the CH* signal during coal ignition, which can be used to characterize the volatile release and reaction process. It then offers observations on the prevalent transition from heterogeneous ignition to hetero-homogeneous ignition due to ambient temperature based on visible light signal diagnostics. By utilizing the gap between the excitation energies of the gas and particle phases, a new low-intensity laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (PS-LIBS) is developed to identify the presence of sodium in the particle or gas phase along the combustion process. For the first time, the in-situ verification of the gas phase Na release accompanying coal devolatilization is fulfilled when the ambient temperature is high enough. In fact, particle temperature plays a vital role in the coal burnout process and ash particle formation. The last part of the book uses RGB color pyrometry and the CBK model to study the char particle temperature on a Hencken burner. It offers readers valuable information on the technique of coal ignition and combustion diagnostics as well as coal combustion characteristics.
Book Synopsis Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Technical Progress Report, December 15, 1994--March 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Technical Progress Report, December 15, 1994--March 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we present a methodology for measuring the elements of the Mueller (Scattering) matrix, which in turn can be used to determine the size of soot monomers and agglomerates in flames. The experimental system to be used is composed of two linear polarizers, two quarter wave plates and a half wave plate along with a light source (Nd:YAG Laser). The preliminary independent parameters in this setup are the polarizer angles?1,?2 and the retarder angles?1,?2 and?3, which can be varied to obtain different condition numbers (CN). If the CN is large, then the Mueller matrix elements determined from experiments would not be reliable. However by using a proper set of? and? values, one can reduce the CN to be less than 10. This concept is discussed for different fractal-like soot agglomerates. It is shown that even if there is ±7.5% error in measured intensities, the recovered S11 and S12 elements are virtually identical to the true values. These S{sub ij} elements can be used in an inverse algorithm to identify the size of soot monomers and agglomerates.
