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Author : Louis F. Bouse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)
Download or read book Effect of Nozzle Type and Operation on Spray Droplet Size written by Louis F. Bouse and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Greg R. Kruger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Effects of Nozzle Spray Angle on Droplet Size and Velocity written by Greg R. Kruger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spray applicators have many choices in selecting a spray nozzle to make an application of an agricultural product. They must balance flow rate, spray pressure, and nozzle type and setup to deliver their agrochemical in the right droplet size for their particular needs. Studies were conducted to determine the spray exit angle and droplet velocity from three different flat fan nozzles (80°, 40°, and 20°) at three different spray pressures (140, 280, and 420 kPa). Each combination of nozzle and pressure was evaluated in a wind tunnel with airspeeds of 35.7, 53.6, 62.6, 71.5, and 80.5 m/s. At the nozzle exit, droplet velocities for the three nozzles tested were approximately 14, 20, and 25 m/s (~30, 45, and 56 mph) for spray pressures of 140, 276, and 415 kPa (20, 40, and 60 psi), respectively. Droplet velocities were constant across the entire flowfield measured with airstreams speed were 35.7 m/s (80 mph), but as the airstream speed increased, droplets at the end of the spray sheet were quickly accelerated. The data presented will allow applicators and researchers to select the nozzle and operating conditions that best suit their spraying needs.
Author : Elizabeth J. Jones
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Effect of Different Nozzle Types on Drift and Efficacy of Roundup Ultra written by Elizabeth J. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W. Clint Hoffmann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Effects of Air Speed and Liquid Temperature on Droplet Size written by W. Clint Hoffmann and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements in both application hardware (e.g., nozzles and spray assist devices) and spray property modification products have led to a number of products that are specifically designed to maximize the on-target deposition and minimize off-target movement of spray droplets. Testing protocols are being developed to objectively measure spray drift reduction from a wide range of drift reduction technologies (DRTs) including spray nozzles, sprayer modifications, spray delivery assistance, spray property modifiers (adjuvants), and/or landscape modifications. Using a DRT evaluation protocol, the objectives of this work were to study the effects of different air speeds on droplet size from different spray nozzles and spray solutions and to further evaluate the effects of differences in liquid and air temperature on droplet size at the different air speeds tested. Measured spray droplet size was significantly affected by changes in airspeed with the DV0.5 increasing by ~30-100 ?m and the percent of spray volume less than 200 ?m decreasing by 50 % or more as the tunnel airspeed was increased from 0.5 to 6.7 m/s (1 to 15 miles per hour), depending on the spray solution, spray nozzle, and air speed. The data also showed a lesser influence of temperature differential between the spray solution and ambient air, with the differences seen most likely resulting from changes in spray solution physical properties with the changes in liquid temperature. Most importantly, this study demonstrated that a reference nozzle evaluated under the same conditions resulted in the reduction in driftable fines while the DRT remained constant across all conditions tested.
Author : G. Robert Goss
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803134851
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems written by G. Robert Goss and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hall
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803118902
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems written by Hall and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1995-12-31 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arthur H. Lefebvre
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498736262
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)
Download or read book Atomization and Sprays written by Arthur H. Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this long-time bestseller provides a framework for designing and understanding sprays for a wide array of engineering applications. The text contains correlations and design tools that can be easily understood and used in relating the design of atomizers to the resulting spray behavior. Written to be accessible to readers with a modest technical background, the emphasis is on application rather than in-depth theory. Numerous examples are provided to serve as starting points for using the information in the book. Overall, this is a thoroughly updated edition that still retains the practical focus and readability of the original work by Arthur Lefebvre.
Author : Kelli L. Nelms
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Adjuvants, Pesticide Formulation, and Spray Nozzle Tips on Spray Droplet Size written by Kelli L. Nelms and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors, including adjuvants, pesticide formulations, and nozzle tips, affect spray droplet size. It is important to understand these factors as spray droplet size affects both drift and efficacy of pesticides, which is a main concern with pesticide application. A laser particle analyzer was used to determine the spray droplet size and distributions of a range of formulations sprayed through several types of nozzle tips. Nozzles included were extended range flat fan sizes 11003 and 11005 (Spraying Systems XR), air induction flat fan sizes 11005 and 11004 (AI), air induction extended range flat fan size 11005 (AIXR), preorifice flat fan size 11005 (TT), and a second preorifice flat fan size 2.5 (TF). Several deposition/retention adjuvants were studied, including Array, Interlock, In-Place, and Thrust. Another study looked at diflufenzopyr + dicamba (Status, BASF) in combination with several adjuvants. Also, three fungicides were evaluated at differing spray volumes. Results indicated that the droplet size of some nozzle tips is more affected than others by changes in the contents of the spray solution.
Author : G. R. Kruger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Measuring the Effect of Spray Plume Angle on the Accuracy of Droplet Size Data written by G. R. Kruger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of droplet size data using laser diffraction allows for quick and easy assessment of droplet size for agricultural spray nozzles and pesticides; however, operation and setup of the instrument and test system can potentially influence the accuracy of the data. One of the factors is the orientation of the spray plume relative to the laser beam. The common practice is to orientate the nozzle such that the nozzle orifice's long axis is 90 degrees from the laser beam. Some wind tunnels are designed in a manner such that the spray plume impinges with the walls or the design of the nozzle may necessitate a deviation from this standard practice to obtain a measurement in some situations. The objective of this research was to determine the influence spray plume orientation had on measured droplet size spectra in a low-speed wind tunnel. The orientation of the nozzle tested was 45, 60, 75, and 90 degrees in rotation relative to the laser beam. Four nozzles (AIXR11005, AI11005, TT11005, and XR11005) were evaluated using three different spray solutions. Treatments were evaluated using a laser diffraction system. The results indicate that spray plume orientation does not have an effect on droplet size data for these nozzles, regardless of spray solution. The data from these tests will aid in the standardization of laser diffraction use in low-speed wind tunnels and increase the repeatability of measurements between different spray testing laboratories.
Author : Bill Kilroy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Aerial Application Equipment Guide, 2003 written by Bill Kilroy and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Margarita Stoytcheva
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9533075325
Total Pages : 826 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Pesticides written by Margarita Stoytcheva and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-01-21 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on a large variety of pesticide-related topics, organized in three sections. The first part is dedicated to the "safer" pesticides derived from natural materials, the design and the optimization of pesticides formulations, and the techniques for pesticides application. The second part is intended to demonstrate the agricultural products, environmental and biota pesticides contamination and the impacts of the pesticides presence on the ecosystems. The third part presents current investigations of the naturally occurring pesticides degradation phenomena, the environmental effects of the break down products, and different approaches to pesticides residues treatment. Written by leading experts in their respective areas, the book is highly recommended to the professionals, interested in pesticides issues.
Author : Greg R. Kruger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book The Influence of Nozzle Type, Operating Pressure, and Tank-Mixture Components on Droplet Characteristics and the EPA's Drift Reduction Rating written by Greg R. Kruger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of drift reduction technology (DRT) guidelines by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established testing protocols for nozzles, agrochemicals, application parameters, and combinations thereof for applying agrochemicals by certified individuals in the United States. The Pesticide Application and Technology Laboratory in North Platte, Nebraska, sought to develop a large database of droplet spectrum data in regards to agrochemical applications by ground systems. The results of this study indicated that nozzle type had the greatest impact on the droplet spectrums measured. DRT star ratings ranged from zero to four, depending upon nozzle selection and adjuvant inclusion. The results of this study indicated that factors that affect a droplet spectrum, including nozzle type, tank-mixture components, and operating pressure, should be tested together when submitting data to the EPA.
Author : J. B. Ross
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Spray Adjuvant Effects on Droplet Size Spectra Measured by Three Laser-Based Systems in a High-Speed Wind Tunnel written by J. B. Ross and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spray droplet size has long been recognized as the most important variable that aerial applicators can influence to mitigate spray drift from the application site. There are several different technologies that are used by researchers to measure droplet size from spray nozzles. The objective of these studies was to determine the influence of eight spray adjuvants on the droplet size spectrum produced by two nozzles in a high-speed wind tunnel when characterized using three different droplet size measurement systems. The adjuvant, nozzles, and airspeeds used in these studies are commonly used by aerial applicators. Three droplet sizing systems (Malvern laser diffraction, PMS optical array probe, and LaVision laser imaging) were simultaneously operated to measure the spray droplet size spectra for each adjuvant, airspeed, and nozzle combination. Two spray nozzles (a D6-46 nozzle and a D2 straight stream nozzle) were evaluated in a high-speed wind tunnel at airspeeds of 45 and 58 m/sec. There were significant differences in the droplet size spectra produced by the eight spray adjuvants tested. There were also significant differences between the droplet size values reported by the three measurement systems (Malvern, LaVision, and PMS) evaluated; however, there was considerable agreement trendwise. In general, the Malvern reported smaller spray droplet size spectra values than the LaVision, while the PMS system generally reported the largest spray droplet size spectra values. These tests are the first reported studies where all three droplet sizing systems were operated simultaneously.
Author : Joseph Arena
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Measurement of Flow and Droplet Size Distributions for Spray Nozzles written by Joseph Arena and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : American Society of Agricultural Engineers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Transactions of the ASAE. written by American Society of Agricultural Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. E. Lewis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Orchard Spraying written by D. E. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jiaxi Fang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267023445
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (234 download)
Download or read book Effect of Nozzle Design on Reaction Thrust and Spray Dynamics written by Jiaxi Fang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The near-nozzle, downward movement of the spray cloud produced by agricultural nozzles is influenced by nozzle design, operating conditions and fluid physical properties. The spray dynamics have subsequent effects on spray deposition and spray drift. Pressure atomization nozzles are energy conversion devices that convert potential energy into kinetic and surface energy. The ejection of the liquid sheet or stream from a nozzle results in a reaction force that reflects the characteristics of the emitted spray. Conical nozzle thrust for water jets has been studied, but only with regard to propulsion systems. The relationship between reaction thrust, droplet size distributions, and various nozzle designs have yet to be studied in detail. An instrumented beam system was developed to allow passive measurement of nozzle reaction force, i.e., thrust, produced during operation of typical agricultural nozzle designs. The instrumented beam had a sensitivity of 2.2mN/mV and was calibrated using static loads. A theoretical analysis of the beam operation was conducted to guide optimal design of the beam. A series of conventional agricultural nozzles based on straight stream, single orifice fan, pre-orifice fan, anvil-chamber and air induction designs and having a range of flow capacities were studied. Additionally, the effect of fluid properties, including the addition of a non-ionic surfactant was evaluated. Results were compared to theoretical analyses of emitted jets and the momentum expected from the input power to the nozzle, calculated as the product of the liquid supply pressure and the liquid inlet flow rate. Results confirmed that nozzle design and operating conditions affect the resulting reaction thrust produced by the nozzle. Increasing the spray angle from straight stream to 40 and 110 degrees reduced the reaction thrust 7.9% and 19.6% respectively. Nozzles designed to reduce drift and increase droplet sizes showed a greater decrease in reaction thrust. Anvil chamber, pre-orifice, and air induction nozzles showed a 52.4%, 36.6%, and 40.9% decrease, respectively, in reaction thrust when compared to straight stream nozzles at the same flow rates and pressures. Straight stream nozzles produced the highest thrust, as expected, while increased nozzle spray angles and the addition of pre-orifice designs reduced the thrust. Reaction thrust measurements can be used to gain insight on energy conversion in sprays and potentially correlated with droplet formation as a potential means of developing more efficient drift reduction techniques.
