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Effect Of Corrosion On The Flexural And Shear Responses Of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected To Quasi Static And Blast Loads
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Book Synopsis Effect of Corrosion on the Flexural and Shear Responses of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Quasi-Static and Blast Loads by : Wesam Mustafa Jumaa Njeem
Download or read book Effect of Corrosion on the Flexural and Shear Responses of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Quasi-Static and Blast Loads written by Wesam Mustafa Jumaa Njeem and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Fiber Corrosion on Shear Capacity of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams and an Initial Investigation on Alkali-silika Reaction in Steel Fiber-reinforced Concrete by : Regina Nyambura Waweru
Download or read book The Effect of Fiber Corrosion on Shear Capacity of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams and an Initial Investigation on Alkali-silika Reaction in Steel Fiber-reinforced Concrete written by Regina Nyambura Waweru and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this research aims to investigate the effect of fiber corrosion on the shear capacity of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete beams. It will also strive to determine at what reduction in minimum diameter of the fiber does the effect of corrosion become most severe on the shear capacity of the beam. Four simply-supported beams with a shear span to depth ratio of 3.3 were subjected to a monotonically increasing load. The targeted concrete compressive strength for all beams was 6000 psi. This however differed from the measured strength due to a number of factors as will be discussed in the paper. The fixed parameters for the experiment were the beam size, shear span-to-effective depth ratio, and concrete compressive strength, while the varied parameters were the fiber content and the extent of corrosion of the steel fibers. Pre-corroded fibers were used in this research to give the worst case scenario because in real life situations, only the fibers closest to the surface of the concrete (0.10 in. from surface) or those close to a crack will be corroded. Hooked steel fibers were used at a volume fraction of 0.75% with an aspect ratio of 125 and a length of 1 in. Small specimen tests were also conducted to determine the change in the mechanical properties of SFRC at different levels of corrosion. The tests conducted were: the three point loading test, the compression test and the fiber pullout tests. Test results revealed that a 12.5% reduction in the minimum fiber diameter, has almost no effect on the shear capacity of beams. Results from the fiber pullout tests showed a slight increase in the pullout load which seems to indicate an increase in the bond between the fiber and cementitious matrix. However, for beams with a 50% reduction in the minimum fiber diameter a 24% reduction in the shear strength of the beam was witnessed. These observations indicated that the type of failure for these beams was through fiber breakage before pullout. The results from the fiber pullout specimens also seemed to support this failure mode as 80% of the fibers broke before pullout. Finally recommendations are made for more future research on the topic. The second part of the thesis covers the initial investigation on alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in SFRC. Most importantly, it tries to determine whether the addition of fibers to concrete can actually arrest cracks due to ASR in concrete and thus counteract its effect on the durability of the structure. Four beams with dimensions of 20 x 6 x 6 in. were cast using reactive aggregates, in accordance to ASTM C1260 and C1293 and subjected to an accelerated ASR test. Two beams were reinforced with 1% fibers while the control specimens had no fibers. From the preliminary observations on the beams by measuring their elongation, the SFRC beams showed less expansion compared to the plain concrete beams. Based on these these initial findings, a more intense research was recommended on the effect of steel fibers on ASR. This is an ongoing research that will take a couple of years as the specimens with reactive aggregates will be cast and put in the natural environment for cracking to occur due to ASR. The specimens will then be compared with their counterparts with no fibers to reach a conclusion.
Book Synopsis Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Service Loads Coupled with Corrosion of Flexural Reinforcement by : Abdullah Al-Bayti
Download or read book Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Service Loads Coupled with Corrosion of Flexural Reinforcement written by Abdullah Al-Bayti and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of steel reinforcement has been identified as one of the major problems facing many existing reinforced concrete structures including bridges. The exposure to aggressive environmental conditions such as those with high concentrations of chloride ions due to the use of de-icing salt in cold regions or high concentrations of carbon dioxide due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, accelerate the initiation process of corrosion. As corrosion initiates, the structural performance in terms of load-carrying capacity, ductility, and service life deteriorate over time. Coupling the effect of reinforcement corrosion with service loads may further weaken the structural performance of reinforced concrete bridges due to the presence of transverse load-induced cracks. Accordingly, a research program was conducted to evaluate the structural performance of reinforced concrete beams subjected to coupled effects of service loads and reinforcement corrosion. The research project consisted of combined experimental and numerical investigations. The experimental phase consisted of tests of nine small-scale beams and six large-scale beams. The beams were designed, constructed, instrumented, and loaded under a four-point load test. The primary test variables were the applied corrosion current density, level of corrosion, and level of sustained loading as percentage of beam ultimate capacity (0% Pu, 40% Pu, and 60% Pu). The corrosion level of steel reinforcement was quantitatively assessed using gravimetric weight measurements and three-dimensional laser scanner technique. Test results indicated that failure of corroded RC beams was brittle due to premature rupture of corroded steel bars, which was attributed to the development of localized corrosion at the sections with flexural cracks in beams. Furthermore, it was found that beams subjected to higher levels of service loads, experienced further reductions in ultimate load capacity and ductility. In addition, tensile tests were used to evaluate the effect of corrosion on the mechanical performance of steel bars retrieved from the corroded beams. It was found that the tensile strength of corroded steel bars, based on nominal sectional area, was reduced with the increase of corrosion levels. In contrast, the tensile strength, based on minimum sectional area, was not influenced by the non-uniform distribution and localization of corrosion. In fact, there was a slight increase in strength with the increase of corrosion levels. The numerical phase consisted of finite element analyses of beams using DIANA FE analysis software. A simplified approach was implemented to introduce the damage induced by corrosion into two-dimensional nonlinear FE models, based on the experimental testing of corroded beams and corroded steel bars. The analyses were reasonably accurate in predicting cracking patterns, residual load capacity, residual ductility, and failure modes of corroded beams. Subsequently, the validated model was used to conduct a parametric study on the level of service loads, level of corrosion, strength of concrete, and tensile reinforcement ratio. It was found that the FE model of corroded beams was strongly influenced by the level of service loads, level of corrosion, and tensile reinforcement ratio.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis A Framework for Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Affected by Reinforcement Corrosion by : Darek Baingo
Download or read book A Framework for Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Affected by Reinforcement Corrosion written by Darek Baingo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of reinforcing bars is the major cause of deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in North America, Europe, the Middle East, and many coastal regions around the world. This deterioration leads to a loss of serviceability and functionality and ultimately affects the structural safety. The objective of this research is to formulate and implement a general stochastic finite element analysis (SFEA) framework for the time-dependent reliability analysis of RC beams with corroding flexural reinforcement. The framework is based on the integration of nonlinear finite element and reliability analyses through an iterative response surface methodology (RSM). Corrosion-induced damage is modelled through the combined effects of gradual loss of the cross-sectional area of the steel reinforcement and the reduction bond between steel and concrete for increasing levels of corrosion. Uncertainties in corrosion rate, material properties, and imposed actions are modelled as random variables. Effective implementation of the framework is achieved by the coupling of commercial finite element and reliability software. Application of the software is demonstrated through a case study of a simply-supported RC girder with tension reinforcement subjected to the effects of uniform (general) corrosion, in which two limit states are considered: (i) a deflection serviceability limit state and (ii) flexural strength ultimate limit state. The results of the case study show that general corrosion leads to a very significant decrease in the reliability of the RC beam both in terms of flexural strength and maximum deflections. The loss of strength and serviceability was shown to be predominantly caused by the loss of bond strength, whereas the gradual reduction of the cross-sectional area of tension reinforcement was found to be insignificant. The load-deflection response is also significantly affected by the deterioration of bond strength (flexural strength and stiffness). The probability of failure at the end of service life, due to the effects of uniform corrosion-induced degradation, is observed to be approximately an order of magnitude higher than in the absence of corrosion. Furthermore, the results suggest that flexural resistance of corroded RC beams is controlled by the anchorage (bond) of the bars and not by the yielding of fully bonded tensile reinforcement at failure. This is significant since the end regions can be severely corroded due to chloride, moisture, and oxygen access at connections and expansion joints. The research strongly suggests that bond damage must be considered in the assessment of the time-dependent reliability of RC beams subjected to general corrosion.
Book Synopsis Effects of Detailing and Fibers on the Static and Blast Behaviour of High-Strength Concrete Beams by : Charlemagne Junior Charles
Download or read book Effects of Detailing and Fibers on the Static and Blast Behaviour of High-Strength Concrete Beams written by Charlemagne Junior Charles and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CSA S850 Blast standard provides guidelines that can be used to enhance the blast performance of reinforced concrete structures. In the case of beams, the standard requires the use of top continuity (compression) bars and well-detailed transverse steel to ensure strength and ductility under blast loads. However, the requirements in the CSA S850 standard are intended for normal-strength concrete structures. Given the increased use of high-strength concrete (HSC) in practice, there is a need to explore the effects of modern blast designs on the behavior of HSC structures subjected to blast loads. Accordingly, this project examines the effect of modern reinforcement detailing on the static, dynamic and post-blast performance of high-strength concrete beams. The study further examines the ability to use fibers to relax such detailing and simplify construction. A total of seventeen beams are tested. Static testing is conducted under four-point bending, with blast testing conducted using the University of Ottawa shock-tube. The post-blast behavior of the beams is assessed by conducting residual static tests on the blast-damaged specimens. The parameters investigated include the effects of: blast detailing vs. nominal detailing, steel fibers, the effect of longitudinal steel ratio (in compression and tension) and tie spacing. The results show that under static loads, the use of blast detailing significantly improves the flexural behavior of the beams in terms of ductility. Likewise, the provision of continuity (compression) bars and closely spaced ties is found to improve blast performance by better controlling displacements, increasing blast resistance, limiting damages and allowing for important post-blast residual capacity. The use of steel fibers and relaxed detailing (increased tie spacing) is found to increase resistance and improve cracking behavior under static loads, with an ability to match the blast performance of more heavily-detailed HSC specimens. The use of fibers also allowed for substantial post-blast capacity. Finally, the steel ratio (in tension, in compression and in the transverse direction) was found to affect the blast behavior of the HSC beams. In addition to the experiments, the analytical study predicts the static and blast response of the tested beams using sectional analysis and non-linear SDOF modeling. Results show that the analysis methodology was able to predict the static and blast responses of the blast-detailed and fiber-reinforced HSC beams with reasonable accuracy.
Book Synopsis Chloride-Induced Steel Corrosion in Concrete Under Service Loads by : Hailong Ye
Download or read book Chloride-Induced Steel Corrosion in Concrete Under Service Loads written by Hailong Ye and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-27 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the latest advances in understanding chloride ingress and steel corrosion in concrete under service loads. Unlike the existing literature, it focuses specifically on the effect of service loads on chloride-induced durability issues in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses how service loads affect the moisture and chloride penetration rate, corrosion kinetics and rust distribution, as well as the structural performance of concrete components (e.g. beams and columns) in a systematic and hierarchical way. Given its scope, the book is chiefly intended for researchers and industry practitioners in structural engineering, particularly those whose work involves the durability design of concrete structures.
Book Synopsis Flexural Response of Reinforced Concrete Beams Exposed to Fire by : Monther B. M. Dwaikat
Download or read book Flexural Response of Reinforced Concrete Beams Exposed to Fire written by Monther B. M. Dwaikat and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fatigue and Corrosion Effects in Reinforced Concrete Beams Partially Submerged in Seawater and Subjected to Reverse Bending by : T. Hodgkiess
Download or read book Fatigue and Corrosion Effects in Reinforced Concrete Beams Partially Submerged in Seawater and Subjected to Reverse Bending written by T. Hodgkiess and published by . This book was released on 1988-12-01 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites by : Hota V.S. GangaRao
Download or read book Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites written by Hota V.S. GangaRao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-20 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the use of composites has increased in many industrial, commercial, medical, and defense applications, there is a lack of technical literature that examines composites in conjunction with concrete construction. Fulfilling the need for a comprehensive, explicit guide, Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites presents specific informat
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete by : D. E. Tonini
Download or read book Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete written by D. E. Tonini and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1980 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synergistic Effect of Fatigue Loading and Accelerated Corrosion on Reinforced Concrete Beams by : Tai Ikumi Montserrat
Download or read book Synergistic Effect of Fatigue Loading and Accelerated Corrosion on Reinforced Concrete Beams written by Tai Ikumi Montserrat and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some structures such as bridges and marine structures that are susceptible to corrosion are also subjected to repeated loading. Whenever corrosion damage can occur to the material surface of a dynamically loaded structure, corrosion fatigue can be a serious problem. It should be remembered that both of these phenomena attack the surface of the steel reinforcing bars in the initial stage, corrosion damage involve surface damage reducing the fatigue crack initiation time. Besides, when corrosion is developed along with fatigue loading, there is a synergistic effect between them, resulting in further corrosion and fatigue damage than when considered separately. The present study was designed to investigate the synergistic effect of corrosion and fatigue loading when considered as a coupled phenomena on fatigue strength, deflection evolvement and corrosion onset of reinforced concrete beams. For that, a new corrosion fatigue set up that allows the application of the load and corrosion at the same time is presented and tested. Specimen under 2.5 A, representing the most damaging environment , showed the highest increase in stiffness during the early stages and the highest stiffness degradation during the last 25 % of its life, even though it failed at the lowest corrosion rate. While the specimen under 1.0 A, representing the less damaging environment, showed a more gradual stiffness degradation. Combined with the fatigue strength results obtained, it is believed that the parameter representing corrosion damage should not be the corrosion rate at failure, but a parameter representing the degree of corrosion speed that could be present in a specific environment.
Book Synopsis Bond Behaviour of Corroded and CFRP Repaired RC Beams Subjected to Monotonic and Repeated Loading by : Rania Al-Hammoud
Download or read book Bond Behaviour of Corroded and CFRP Repaired RC Beams Subjected to Monotonic and Repeated Loading written by Rania Al-Hammoud and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Grade of Steel on Blast Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Beams by : W. A. Shaw
Download or read book Influence of Grade of Steel on Blast Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Beams written by W. A. Shaw and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flexural Response of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams at Elevated Temperatures by : Gian-Luca Francesco Porcari
Download or read book Flexural Response of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams at Elevated Temperatures written by Gian-Luca Francesco Porcari and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Confinement and Small Axial Load on Flexural Ductility of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams by : Siu-Lee Chau
Download or read book Effects of Confinement and Small Axial Load on Flexural Ductility of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams written by Siu-Lee Chau and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Confinement and Small Axial Load on Flexural Ductility of High-strength Reinforced Concrete Beams" by Siu-lee, Chau, 周小梨, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled EFFECTS OF CONFINEMENT AND SMALL AXIAL LOAD ON FLEXURAL DUCTILITY OF HIGH-STRENGTH REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS Submitted by CHAU Siu Lee for the Degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in August 2005 Compared with normal-strength concrete, high-strength concrete has higher strength but is generally more brittle. Its use in a reinforced concrete structure could lead to an undesirable reduction in ductility if not properly controlled. In this thesis, the effects of confinement and small axial load on the flexural ductility of reinforced concrete beams cast of both normal- and high-strength concrete have been evaluated by analyzing the complete moment-curvature behaviour of the beam sections. The results reveal that the use of high-strength concrete would at a constant tension steel ratio increase the flexural ductility, while at a constant tension to balanced steel ratio decrease the ductility. On the other hand, provision of confinement enhances the ductility of both normal- and high-strength concrete sections at both a constant tension steel ratio and at a constant tension to balanced steel ratio. It does this in two ways. Firstly, it increases the balanced steel ratio of the section. So, for a constant steel ratio, the section with higher confinement is more under-reinforced. Secondly, it increases the residual strength and ductility of the concrete such that at the same tension to balanced steel ratio, the ductility of the section increases. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that providing confinement to a section is an effective way of improving the ductility of reinforced concrete beam sections, especially those cast of high-strength concrete. However, most codes of practice do not specify a suitable design method for reinforced concrete beams that takes into account the effect of confinement. Therefore, design formulas for the flexural strength and ductility design of high-strength concrete beams with the effects of confinement taken into account have been developed. On the other hand, it is proposed to compensate for the reduction in flexural ductility due to the use of high-strength concrete by adding compression and/or confining reinforcement. A simple design method that correlates the amount of addition reinforcement needed to maintain a constant level of minimum ductility and the concrete strength is developed. Conversely, the presence of compressive axial load, even at a low level, has an adverse effect on flexural ductility. As a portion of concrete is used to resist the axial load, the section becomes less under-reinforced. Therefore, the flexural ductility decreases with the level of axial load applied. From the results obtained, it is found that the presence of axial load mainly affects the degree of the section being under- or over-reinforced. Measures should therefore be taken to maintain the ductility level of sections with applied axial load at an acceptable level. The study recommends the provisions of additional compression reinforcement to resist the applied axial load, and proposes a design method for restoring the ductility of a section with applied axial load to a ductility level attained by an identical section without axial load. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3199766 Subjects:
