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Effect Of A Supersolvus Heat Treatment On The Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of A Powder Metallurgy Processed Nickel Base Superalloy
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Book Synopsis Effect of a Supersolvus Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Powder Metallurgy Processed Nickel-base Superalloy by : Darryl Slade Stolz
Download or read book Effect of a Supersolvus Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Powder Metallurgy Processed Nickel-base Superalloy written by Darryl Slade Stolz and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is thought to be due to the larger amounts of tertiary [gamma]ʹ present in the microstructure produced by the standard heat treatment. Finally, the standard heat treatment had longer creep lifetimes at the lowest test temperature. The alternate heat treatment performed better at the higher test temperatures. While the microstructure did not improve the fatigue properties across the board, the improved understanding of the microstructural evolution during heat treatment will help in developing new heat treatments that may provide the defect-tolerance that is necessary.
Book Synopsis On the Path-dependent Microstructure Evolution of an Advanced Powder Metallurgy Nickel-base Superalloy During Heat Treatment by : Nicholas J. Krutz
Download or read book On the Path-dependent Microstructure Evolution of an Advanced Powder Metallurgy Nickel-base Superalloy During Heat Treatment written by Nicholas J. Krutz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The realization of advanced alloy compositions in service relies on a thorough understanding of metallurgical processing variables. Within this work, the gamma prime precipitation of an advanced powder metallurgy nickel-base superalloy during controlled cooling from supersolvus temperatures is compared to prior alloy generations using a complement of characterization and modeling approaches. The on-cooling precipitation of the alloy is studied and characterized to calibrate a multi-scale precipitation model. The proposed framework incorporates a computationally efficient addition to the mean-field modeling approach that increases its ability to model dynamic, multi-modal gamma prime burst events. The gamma prime size predicted by the model shows good agreement with experimental results. The precipitation calculation is applied to the element integration points of a continuum Finite Element heat conduction simulation, where the latent heat generated from the precipitation is accounted for. The results are compared to experimental findings and indicate potential use of the model for evaluating precipitation effects at multiple length scales. The lattice misfit evolution of two commercial PM nickel superalloys during cooling from supersolvus temperatures is also characterized, using in-situ synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The diffraction pattern deconvolution necessary for quantifying misfit was accomplished by combining observation of the superlattice peak intensities with thermodynamic modeling to quantify the intensity relationship between the overlapping phases. The misfit from the XRD measurements was compared to the Scanning Electron Microscopy observations of gamma prime particle shapes for a subset of the experimental conditions. The trend of measured misfit agreed with the microstructural characterization. Time-resolved observations of the on-cooling lattice parameter suggest that lower-temperature changes to the peak intensity characteristics coincide with low misfit magnitudes and a plausible connection to gamma prime burst events. Variation in cooling rate for this alloy and its predecessors shows a tendency for unstable precipitate growth with slower rates. To better understand the effect of precipitate morphology on defect interaction, a series of lab heat treatments of varied cooling rates were carried out and the mechanical response characterized. A phase-field based approach is used to simulate the growth instability of gamma prime precipitates during cooling and compared to post-mortem characterization using serial sectioning and reconstruction. Phase-field modeling is then used to interrogate the interaction of the particle morphology with planar dislocation evolution. It was determined that the incipient stages of particle evolution are dictated by interface growth instability more so than elastic anisotropy effects. Planar deformation in the presence of more evolved particles tended to promote Orowan looping while smaller particles with smaller gamma channel widths showed a tendency for stacking fault formation under the conditions characterized. To further understand precipitate morphology on properties, a stand-alone spectral-based microelasticity model is employed to predict the stress field around the particles. First order deformation assumptions are assessed to understand the effect of the microelastic stress field interacting with dislocations. By comparing the fields of varied precipitate morphologies, it is observed that the magnitudes and spatial distribution of the stress tensor components vary by morphology and may contribute to differences from a defect interaction standpoint.
Download or read book Superalloys 2020 written by Sammy Tin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-28 with total page 1098 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 14th International Symposium on Superalloys (Superalloys 2020) highlights technologies for lifecycle improvement of superalloys. In addition to the traditional focus areas of alloy development, processing, mechanical behavior, coatings, and environmental effects, this volume includes contributions from academia, supply chain, and product-user members of the superalloy community that highlight technologies that contribute to improving manufacturability, affordability, life prediction, and performance of superalloys.
Book Synopsis Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel-Base Alloys by : John C. Lippold
Download or read book Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel-Base Alloys written by John C. Lippold and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most up-to-date coverage of welding metallurgy aspects and weldability issues associated with Ni-base alloys Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel-Base Alloys describes the fundamental metallurgical principles that control the microstructure and properties of welded Ni-base alloys. It serves as a practical how-to guide that enables engineers to select the proper alloys, filler metals, heat treatments, and welding conditions to ensure that failures are avoided during fabrication and service. Chapter coverage includes: Alloying additions, phase diagrams, and phase stability Solid-solution strengthened Ni-base alloys Precipitation strengthened Ni-base alloys Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys and nickel aluminides Repair welding of Ni-base alloys Dissimilar welding Weldability testing High-chromium alloys used in nuclear power applications With its excellent balance between the fundamentals and practical problem solving, the book serves as an ideal reference for scientists, engineers, and technicians, as well as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in welding metallurgy.
Download or read book The Superalloys written by Roger C. Reed and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superalloys are unique high-temperature materials used in gas turbine engines, which display excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. This book introduces the metallurgical principles which have guided their development. Suitable for graduate students and researchers, it includes exercises and additional resources at www.cambridge.org/9780521859042.
Book Synopsis Alloy Design and Characterization of γ′ Strengthened Nickel-based Superalloys for Additive Manufacturing by : Jinghao Xu
Download or read book Alloy Design and Characterization of γ′ Strengthened Nickel-based Superalloys for Additive Manufacturing written by Jinghao Xu and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-28 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nickel-based superalloys, an alloy system bases on nickel as the matrix element with the addition of up to 10 more alloying elements including chromium, aluminum, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, and so on. Through the development and improvement of nickel-based superalloys in the past century, they are well proved to show excellent performance at the elevated service temperature. Owing to the combination of extraordinary high-temperature mechanical properties, such as monotonic and cyclic deformation resistance, fatigue crack propagation resistance; and high-temperature chemical properties, such as corrosion and oxidation resistance, phase stability, nickel-based superalloys are widely used in the critical hot-section components in aerospace and energy generation industries. The success of nickel-based superalloy systems attributes to both the well-tailored microstructures with the assistance of carefully doped alloying elements, and the intently developed manufacturing processes. The microstructure of the modern nickel-based superalloys consists of a two-phase configuration: the intermetallic precipitates (Ni,Co)3(Al,Ti,Ta) known as γ′ phase dispersed into the austenite γ matrix, which is firstly introduced in the 1940s. The recently developed additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, acting as the disruptive manufacturing process, offers a new avenue for producing the nickel-based superalloy components with complicated geometries. However, γ′ strengthened nickel-based superalloys always suffer from the micro-cracking during the AM process, which is barely eliminated by the process optimization. On this basis, the new compositions of γ′ strengthened nickel-based superalloy adapted to the AM process are of great interest and significance. This study sought to design novel γ′ strengthened nickel-based superalloys readily for AM process with limited cracking susceptibility, based on the understanding of the cracking mechanisms. A two-parameter model is developed to predict the additive manufacturability for any given composition of a nickel-based superalloy. One materials index is derived from the comparison of the deformation-resistant capacity between dendritic and interdendritic regions, while another index is derived from the difference of heat resistant capacity of these two spaces. By plotting the additive manufacturability diagram, the superalloys family can be categorized into the easy-to-weld, fairly-weldable, and non-weldable regime with the good agreement of the existed knowledge. To design a novel superalloy, a Cr-Co-Mo-W-Al-Ti-Ta-Nb-Fe-Ni alloy family is proposed containing 921,600 composition recipes in total. Through the examination of additive manufacturability, undesired phase formation propensity, and the precipitation fraction, one composition of superalloy, MAD542, out of the 921,600 candidates is selected. Validation of additive manufacturability of MAD542 is carried out by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). By optimizing the LPBF process parameters, the crack-free MAD542 part is achieved. In addition, the MAD542 superalloy shows great resistance to the post-processing treatment-induced cracking. During the post-processing treatment, extensive annealing twins are promoted to achieve the recrystallization microstructure, ensuring the rapid reduction of stored energy. After ageing treatment, up to 60-65% volume fraction of γ′ precipitates are developed, indicating the huge potential of γ′ formation. Examined by the high-temperature slow strain rate tensile and constant loading creep testing, the MAD542 superalloy shows superior strength than the LPBF processed and hot isostatic pressed plus heat-treated IN738LC superalloy. While the low ductility of MAD542 is existed, which is expected to be improved by modifying the post-processing treatment scenarios and by the adjusting building direction in the following stages of the Ph.D. research. MAD542 superalloy so far shows both good additive manufacturability and mechanical potentials. Additionally, the results in this study will contribute to a novel paradigm for alloy design and encourage more γ′-strengthened nickel-based superalloys tailored for AM processes in the future.
Book Synopsis Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Advanced Nickel Base Powder Metallurgy Superalloy : by : James Richard May
Download or read book Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Advanced Nickel Base Powder Metallurgy Superalloy : written by James Richard May and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Superalloys 2012 written by Eric S. Huron and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A superalloy, or high-performance alloy, is an alloy that exhibits excellent mechanical strength at high temperatures. Superalloy development has been driven primarily by the aerospace and power industries. This compilation of papers from the Twelfth International Symposium on Superalloys, held from September 9-13, 2012, offers the most recent technical information on this class of materials.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deformation and Fracture in Materials by : Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
Download or read book Deformation and Fracture in Materials written by Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-08-27 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on the basics of deformation and fracture in materials and on current, state-of-the-art experimental and numerical/theoretical methods, including data-driven approaches in the deformation and fracture study of materials. The blend of experimental test methods and numerical techniques to study deformation and fracture in materials is discussed. In addition, the application of data-driven approaches in predicting material performance in different types of loading and loading environments is illustrated. Features: Includes clear insights on deformation and fracture in materials, with clear explanations of mechanics and defects relating to them Provides effective treatments of modern numerical simulation methods Explores applications of data-driven approaches such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computer vision Reviews simple and basic experimental techniques to understand the concepts of deformation and fracture in materials Details modeling and simulation strategies of mechanics of materials at different scales This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in fracture mechanics, finite element methods, and materials science.
Book Synopsis Physical Metallurgy of Nickel-base Superalloys by : C. H. Lund
Download or read book Physical Metallurgy of Nickel-base Superalloys written by C. H. Lund and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Superalloys written by Elihu F. Bradley and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1988 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grain Boundary Migration in Metals by : Gunter Gottstein
Download or read book Grain Boundary Migration in Metals written by Gunter Gottstein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-06-17 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of adjacent materials at the boundary where they meet is an essential aspect of creating new engineering materials. Grain Boundary Migration in Metals is an authoritative account of the physics of grain boundary motion, written by two highly respected researchers. They provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the migration process and how it affects microstructure evolution, focusing their treatment exclusively on the properties and behavior of grain boundaries with well defined geometry and crystallography. With their emphasis on applications-such as the characterization of microstructure and texture, recrystallization, and grain growth-the authors effectively fill the gap between the physics of grain boundary motion and its engineering practicality. The need for better microstructural design motivates permanent thrust for research in the field, and continued rapid progress appears inevitable. Grain Boundary Migration in Metals provides a solid foundation in the phenomena and serves as a valuable reference for professionals in materials science, solid state physics, and any industry engaged in metals production and the heat treatment of metals and alloys.
Book Synopsis Coutsouradis: mater- ials for adv. prt.2 by : D. Coutsouradis
Download or read book Coutsouradis: mater- ials for adv. prt.2 written by D. Coutsouradis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-08-15 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of energy in the modern world goes beyond mere technology and economics to influence welfare, the environment, the quality of life and, in broad terms, civilization itself. Since the industrial revolution, energy conservation technology has been at the forefront of the innovation required to satisfy the needs of mankind and, more than any other, this technology has always depended on the performance of the materials used. In this, the report of the Fifth Li??ge Conference devoted to a review of the work of the European Materials Collaborative Programmes, the results of the programmes are presented along the following technology oriented themes: steam power plant gas turbines diesel engines advanced combustion perspectives. The book thus presents one of the most up to date references available anywhere on materials technologies in energy conversion from fossil fuels and materials for high efficiency, low emission systems.
Book Synopsis Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 by : Dunyong Deng
Download or read book Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 written by Dunyong Deng and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has gained significant interest in aerospace, energy, automotive and medical industries due to its capabilities of manufacturing components that are either prohibitively costly or impossible to manufacture by conventional processes. Among the various additive manufacturing processes for metallic components, electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) are two of the most widely used powder bed based processes, and have shown great potential for manufacturing high-end critical components, such as turbine blades and customized medical implants. The futures of the EBM and SLM are doubtlessly promising, but to fully realize their potentials there are still many challenges to overcome. Inconel 718 (IN718) is a nickel-base superalloy and has impressive combination of good mechanical properties and low cost. Though IN718 is being mostly used as a turbine disk material now, the initial introduction of IN718 was to overcome the poor weldability of superalloys in 1960s, since sluggish precipitation of strengthening phases ?’/?’’ enables good resistance to strain-age cracking during welding or post weld heat treatment. Given the similarity between AM and welding processes, IN718 has been widely applied to the metallic AM field to facilitate the understandings of process-microstructure-property relationships. The work presented in this licentiate thesis aims to better understand microstructures and mechanical properties EBM and SLM IN718, which have not been systematically investigated. Microstructures of EBM and SLM IN718 have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with the process conditions. Monotonic mechanical properties (e.g., Vickers microhardness and tensile properties) have also been measured and rationalized with regards to the microstructure evolutions before and after heat treatments. For EBM IN718, the results show the microstructure is not homogeneous but dependant on the location in the components, and the anisotropic mechanical properties are probably attributed to alignment of porosities rather than texture. Post heat treatment can slightly increase the mechanical strength compared to the as-manufactured condition but does not alter the anisotropy. SLM IN718 shows significantly different microstructure and mechanical properties to EBM IN718. The as-manufactured SLM IN718 has very fine dendritic microstructure and Laves phases in the interdendrites, and is “work-hardened” by the residual strains and dislocations present in the material. Mechanical properties are different between horizontally and vertically built samples, and heat treatment can minimize this difference. Results from this licentiate thesis provide the basis for the further research on the cyclic mechanical properties of EBM and SLM IN718, which would be the focus of following phase of the Ph.D. research.
Book Synopsis Thermal and Mechanical Treatments for Nickel and Some Nickel-base Alloys: Effects on Mechanical Properties by : Albert M. Hall
Download or read book Thermal and Mechanical Treatments for Nickel and Some Nickel-base Alloys: Effects on Mechanical Properties written by Albert M. Hall and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Columbus Laboratories, Battelle Memorial Institute, originally prepared these reports in 1965 and later revised them, updating the information to include the latest technology through 1968. This report is one of a series pertaining to the fabricating of nickel, nickel-base, and cobalt-base alloys. This report deals with heat treating and working nickel and nickel-base alloys, and with the effects of these operations on the mechanical properties of the materials. The subjects covered are annealing, solution treating, stress relieving, stress equalizing, age hardening, hot working, cold working, combinations of working and heat treating (often referred to as thermomechanical treating), and properties of the materials at various temperatures. The equipment and procedures used in working the materials are discussed, along with the common problems that may be encountered and the precautions and corrective measures that are available."--Foreword.
