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Education Externalities Fertility And Economic Growth
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Book Synopsis Education, Externalities, Fertility, and Economic Growth by : Martin Weale
Download or read book Education, Externalities, Fertility, and Economic Growth written by Martin Weale and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education yields externalities that appear stronger in macroeconomic data than in household- level studies. Simulations show that there is a small growth externality as well as a fertility externality which is influenced by the rate of return to education relative to that on physical capital.
Book Synopsis School Education, Learning-by-Doing, and Fertility in Economic Development by : Koji Kitaura
Download or read book School Education, Learning-by-Doing, and Fertility in Economic Development written by Koji Kitaura and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the policy implications of relaxing constraints on the educational choice of individuals for economic development. Distinguishing human capital accumulation through schooling and through learning-by-doing and knowledge spillovers, we show that in the earlier stages of development, mitigating and eventually eliminating constraints on school education would be necessary for even further economic development. Expanded school education increases the income of individuals and encourages physical capital accumulation, which enlarges productive knowledge through implementation and operations. The increased labor productivity thus boosts economic growth. In the process, the fertility rate will decline because of the increased education cost per child.
Book Synopsis Education, Fertility and Economic Growth by : Adam Greeney
Download or read book Education, Fertility and Economic Growth written by Adam Greeney and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fertility, Education, Growth, and Sustainability by : David de la Croix
Download or read book Fertility, Education, Growth, and Sustainability written by David de la Croix and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fertility choices depend not only on the surrounding culture but also on economic incentives, which have important consequences for inequality, education and sustainability. This book outlines parallels between demographic development and economic outcomes, explaining how fertility, growth and inequality are related. It provides a set of general equilibrium models where households choose their number of children, analysed in four domains. First, inequality is particularly damaging for growth as human capital is kept low by the mass of grown-up children stemming from poor families. Second, the cost of education can be an important determining factor on fertility. Third, fertility is sometimes viewed as a strategic variable in the power struggle between different cultural, ethnic and religious groups. Finally, fertility might be affected by policies targeted at other objectives. Incorporating new findings with the discussion of education policy and sustainability this book is a significant addition to the literature on growth.
Book Synopsis Human Capital and Economic Growth by : Alberto Bucci
Download or read book Human Capital and Economic Growth written by Alberto Bucci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection explores the links between human capital (both in the form of health and in the form of education), demographic change, and economic growth. Using empirical as well as theoretical perspectives, the authors investigate several important issues in the context of human capital, namely population ageing, inequality, public policy, and long-term economic development. Ultimately, they demonstrate that the accumulation of human capital is of crucial importance to long-run economic growth.
Download or read book On the Cusp written by Charles S. Pearson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For much of its history, human population growth increased at a glacial pace. The demographic rate only soared about 200 years ago, climaxing between the years 1950 and 2000. In that 50-year span, the population grew more than it had in the previous 5,000 years. Though these raw numbers are impressive, they conceal the fact that the growth rate of population topped out in the 1960s and may be negative later this century. The population boom is approaching a population bust, despite the current world population of seven billion people. In On the Cusp, economist Charles Pearson explores the meaning of this population trend from the arc of demographic growth to decline. He reviews Thomas Malthus's famous, but mistaken, 1798 argument that human population would exceed the earth's carrying capacity. That argument has resurfaced, however, in the current environmental era and under the threat of global warming. Analyzing population trends through dual lenses -- demography and economics -- Pearson examines the potential opportunities and challenges of population decline and aging. Aging is almost universal and will accelerate. Mitigating untoward economic effects may require policies to boost fertility (which has plunged), increase immigration, and work longer, harder, and smarter -- as well as undertake pension and health care reform, all of which have hidden costs. The writing is rigorous but not technical, and is complemented by a helpful set of figures and tables. Sharp, bold, and occasionally funny, Pearson's research has thought-provoking implications for future public policies. He ends his analysis with a modestly hopeful conclusion, noting that both the rich and the poor face a new demographic order. General readers and students alike will find On the Cusp an informative and engaging read.
Book Synopsis Education, Gender and Economic Development by : Aaron Benavot
Download or read book Education, Gender and Economic Development written by Aaron Benavot and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much past and contemporary research highlights the positive contributions of education to economic development. This article addresses an issue largely ignored in that research tradition: Do the long-term economic effects of expanding educational opportunities for school-age girls and boys differ? If so, how does gender and schooling interact to produce these differential effects? The research presented here analyzed cross-national data from 1960 to 1985 on 96 countries and found clear evidence that in less developed countries -- especially in some of the poorest -- educational expansion among school-age girls has a stronger effect on long-term economic prosperity than does educational expansion among school-age boys. This effect, in contrast to much contemporary thinking, is not mediated by women's participation in the wage labor force or by measurable differences in fertility behavior. The author argues that these findings provide qualified support for institutional theories of education's impact on society.
Author :Joao Manuel Lucas dos Santos Medeiros Publisher :Presses univ. de Louvain ISBN 13 :2930344237 Total Pages :4657 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (33 download)
Book Synopsis Éducation in Endogenous Growth Models by : Joao Manuel Lucas dos Santos Medeiros
Download or read book Éducation in Endogenous Growth Models written by Joao Manuel Lucas dos Santos Medeiros and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2003 with total page 4657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD thesis consists of four papers, whose major aim is to analyse the role of education in an endogenous growth setting. The theoretical framework uses computable OLG models, where the behaviour of individuals is modelled within a lifecycle framework. Firstly, in order to build computable general equilibrium models that are reliable for policy analysis, it is necessary to reproduce all major stylised facts that characterise lifecycle profiles, notably: i) the marked decline in consumption around retirement age; and, ii) in old age, financial wealth data drawn from surveys run down at a slower pace than that implied by usual formulations of the lifecycle theory of consumption. In the first paper, it is argued that a lifecycle framework can reproduce the above-mentioned facts if one assumes: i) uncertainty in the duration of life in a model with imperfect annuity markets; and, ii) existence of a “sufficiently” strong bequest motive. Secondly, it is shown that education choices can play a major role in dampening the negative impact on economic growth of a decline in fertility. In the second paper, it is found that the growth assumption (endogenous versus exogenous) does matter. In an endogenous growth model driven by education, a negative demographic shock represents an “investment opportunity” in education. The rise in education, together with the externalities in human capital formation bring about a permanent increase in labour productivity. Thirdly, in an OLG model with an externality in the education sector, it is important to investigate the set of policies that decentralises the social optimum, depending on some major model assumptions. In the third paper, using calibrations that assume altruism, the results suggest that optimal policies involve basically: a) an education subsidy; and, b) a PAYG pension. Fourthly, given the complementary of education and R&D, it is important to investigate if the adoption of optimal policies to correct a number of externalities causes a leverage effect on growth and welfare. The framework developed in the fourth paper provides for a numerical evaluation of the relative importance of two sources of inefficiency, namely: i) a “market-power” distortion, resulting from the mark-up pricing of intermediate goods; ii) versus the inefficiency in the allocation of resources caused by various “externalities”, affecting the education and R&D sectors. Overall, the results obtained highlight the importance of treating human capital as an endogenous variable.
Book Synopsis Critical Perspectives on Schooling and Fertility in the Developing World by : National Research Council
Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Schooling and Fertility in the Developing World written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-12-11 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume assesses the evidence, and possible mechanisms, for the associations between women's education, fertility preferences, and fertility in developing countries, and how these associations vary across regions. It discusses the implications of these associations for policies in the population, health, and education sectors, including implications for research.
Book Synopsis Population Growth and Economic Development by : Working Group on Population Growth and Economic Development
Download or read book Population Growth and Economic Development written by Working Group on Population Growth and Economic Development and published by . This book was released on 1986-02 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report addresses 9 often debated questions centered on the relationships between population growth and economic development. Specifically, it is asked whether slower population growth will: 1) increase the growth rate of per capita income through increasing per capita availability of exhaustible resources, 2) increase the growth rate of per capita income through increasing per capita availability of renewable resources, 3) alleviate pollution and the degradation of the natural environment, 4) lead to more capital per worker, thereby increasing per worker output and consumption, 5) increase per capita levels of schooling and health, 6) decrease the degree of inequality in the distribution of income, and 7) facilitate the absorption of workers into the modern sector and alleviate problems of urban growth. It is additionally asked: 8) Do lower population densities lead to lower per capita incomes via a reduced stimulus to technologic innovation and reduced exploitation of economies of scale in production and infrastructure? and 9) Does a couple's fertility behavior impose costs on society at large? The report finds little support for either the alarmist or the more complacent viewpoint regarding the economic effects of population growth. It is concluded, on balance, that slower population growth would be beneficial to economic development for most developing countries, although a rigorous quantitative assessment of these benefits is difficult and context-dependent. Whether the economic problems caused by population growth are best approached by slowing the population growth rate depends ultimately on the costs of alternative policy responses. Reducing the number of unwanted births in a family results in both direct welfare gains to the family and in gains to society at large.
Book Synopsis Public Education, Fertility Incentives, Neoclassical Economic Growth and Welfare by : Luciano Fanti
Download or read book Public Education, Fertility Incentives, Neoclassical Economic Growth and Welfare written by Luciano Fanti and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a simple overlapping generations model of neoclassical growth, we analyse the effects of both child allowances and the system of public education on the rate of fertility, the per capita income and the individual lifetime welfare. The essential message of the present paper is that developed countries plagued by below-replacement fertility and income stagnation may raise per capita income and the rate of fertility at the same time by increasing the public education expenditure rather than by resorting to child allowances. The latter, in fact, are found to be harmful for long-run neoclassical economic growth and, in contrast with the common belief, for the rate of population growth as well. Moreover, welfare analysis has shown the existence of a Pareto-efficient welfare-maximizing educational contribution rate.
Book Synopsis Essays on Education and Stages of Growth by : Elisa Rizzo
Download or read book Essays on Education and Stages of Growth written by Elisa Rizzo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is composed by three chapters, two of them deal with education and public education policies related to crime, one focuses on the relationship between education and birth spacing and fertility. In the first chapter I study the mechanisms at play between education and crime when the government introduces a policy to increase the access to education and whether choosing the right policy design we are able to reduce crime despite the raise in the aggregate wealth generated by human capital growth. In the second chapter I analyse the dynamic relation between education access, education quality and crime deterrence technology, to characterize the conditions under which crime drops and the implied role of education. The third chapter is an empirical study of the relationship between education and fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa, between economics and demography. Even if the topic and the methods of the first two papers differ a lot from the third one, they are all related by the interest to understand better the role of education in economic growth. Both crime and violence and high fertility rates and population growth, for diverse reasons and through peculiar dynamics, undermine economic investment and growth potential. The goal of this thesis is therefore to give a contribution to understand these reasons and these dynamics, with special attention to developing countries where free access to education is a recent achievement and where there is still work to do to improve the quality of the education system and teaching.
Book Synopsis Economic Growth With Locked-In Fertility by : Masao Nakagawa
Download or read book Economic Growth With Locked-In Fertility written by Masao Nakagawa and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research theoretically analyzes the role of irreversible fertility decisions in economic growth in the presence of idiosyncratic ability shocks after childbirth. It argues that the irreversibility constraint delays the growth process by distorting the resource allocation between the quantity and quality of children. In underdeveloped stages, where family size is locked into large levels, education investment places a heavy financial burden on households. The impossibility of ex post fertility adjustment then deprives some competent children of learning opportunities. In more developed stages, by contrast, family size locked into smaller levels facilitates education investment even in some incompetent children. A redistributive policy to enhance aggregate human capital and the growth performance is proposed for each stage.
Book Synopsis Economic Growth and Cycles by : Maria-Carmen Guisan
Download or read book Economic Growth and Cycles written by Maria-Carmen Guisan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this article is to point out the importance of education on a sustained economic development strategy, having into account inter-sector relations and the influence of education in the growth of production per head. Three cross-country models are presented to analyze the evolution of the period 1995-2000. The first model relates the diminution of excessively high fertility rates with increases in the educative level of population. The second model relates value-added in the services sector with the internal production of industry and agriculture, as well as with foreign trade and changes in population. The third model relates the industrial development with the educative level of population and foreign trade. We analyze, from a worldwide view, the evolution of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Population and GDP per inhabitant (GDPH). USA, Japan, the European Union, Latin America, Africa, China, India, and other areas of Europe and Asia-Pacific are considered, and the main differences in the levels of GDPH are explained, having into account the results of the cross-country models. The main conclusions highlight the necessity of new international policies for improving the educative level of population in less developed countries.
Book Synopsis The Social Outcomes of Education and Feedbacks on Growth in Africa by : Walter W. McMahon
Download or read book The Social Outcomes of Education and Feedbacks on Growth in Africa written by Walter W. McMahon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the net education effects on economic growth as well as non-market delayed effects on health, poverty, political stability, and other key measures of economic development in Africa. It seeks to do this more comprehensively than this has been done before, as well as to estimate the delayed feedback effects from the non-market outcomes on economic growth and the externalities. It does this by means of a simulation model based on panel and cross country data. However, the effects of education considered here are shown to be consistent with those found in the mainstream of the research on each outcome based on microeconomic data. After developing the micro analytic conceptual framework, the regression estimates are presented in full together with a discussion of the net direct and indirect effects of education on each outcome. These are shown on average to improve nationwide infant mortality, increase longevity, strengthen civic institutions and democratization, increase political stability, and increase investment in physical capital. The later have positive delayed feedback effects on the economic growth process. The effects also lower fertility rates and population growth rates but the latter occurs only after long delays because of the short term positive effects of education on health. There are significant net education effects (after controlling for other things) that reduce poverty, inequality, and crime, the latter after netting out negative externalities from growth and white collar crime. Net education effects reducing poverty and substituting skills for extractive exports also contribute to environmental sustainability. Simulations solve the complete model endogenously and iteratively over time for all of the direct and indirect (largely externality) effects in a process referred to here as endogenous development. They reveal that indirect feedback effects on growth and also on non-market outcomes are larger than the direct effects! Some effects are immediate, but many of the lags are 25 years +. So policy options for a continent in crisis that consider these long lags are considered. A full explanation of the basis for the estimates and of the undirect effects and feedbacks is available in W. McMahon, Education and Development: Measuring the Social Benefits, Oxford University Press, paperback out in Jan. 2002.
Book Synopsis Learning Externalities and Economic Growth by : Alejandro Rodríguez
Download or read book Learning Externalities and Economic Growth written by Alejandro Rodríguez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a well known fact that not all countries develop at the same time. The industrial revolution began over 200 years ago in England and has been spreading over the world ever since. In their paper Barriers to Riches, Parente and Prescott notice that countries that enter the industrial stage later on grow faster than what the early starters did. I present a simple model with learning externalities that generates this kind of behavior. I follow Lucas (1998) and solve the optimization problem of the representative agent under the assumption that the external effect is given by the world leader's human capital.
Book Synopsis Fertility, Education and Economic Development by : Carlos J. Gomez
Download or read book Fertility, Education and Economic Development written by Carlos J. Gomez and published by . This book was released on with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
