Economies Of Size And Implications For Consolidation

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Local Government Consolidation in the United States

Author : Dagney Gail Faulk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781604977486
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (774 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Government Consolidation in the United States by : Dagney Gail Faulk

Download or read book Local Government Consolidation in the United States written by Dagney Gail Faulk and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses two issues related to the structure of local government: the determinants of consolidation and the potential impact of consolidation on local government spending. This is a narrow undertaking and leaves important elements of local government reform for future analysis. The study's primary foci are examining the factors that influence city-county consolidation, considering the impact of city-county consolidation on local government spending, and estimating the potential savings that could result from the scale economies and efficiency gains from consolidating local government units. While other regions of the United States are considered in this study, but the analysis focuses primarily on the Midwest where population declines and changes in the employment base and state policies (such as property tax caps in Indiana) have had dramatic effects on the fiscal viability of local governments. The current economic climate, along with policy changes related to property tax restructuring in many states, has led to substantial reductions in local governments' budgets. As a result, many local governments are in crisis and are considering some level of consolidation. Statistical methods and data on consolidation referendum attempts in the United States since 1970 are used to test whether governments that have consolidated (i.e., voters approved the consolidation referendum) had higher spending prior to their consolidation (as measured by local government employment rates, payrolls, and expenditures) compared to the average local government in the state. The effects of city-county consolidation are explored; using consolidation referendum data, the impact of consolidation on local government employment rates, payrolls, and expenditures is examined. The influence of consolidation on economic development is also investigated with some interesting results. The study also used two methods to estimate the savings from government consolidation and presents aggregate models to examine the potential savings from economies of scale and efficiency improvements. The book also helpfully provides a helpful discussion of the economies of scale and efficiency for several functional areas, including police and fire protection, sewerage, solid waste, public welfare, administration, health, education, and libraries. This book will be an essential resource for political scientists and policy makers interested in American government. Written in a highly accessible manner, it will also be a valuable read for students and general readers.

The Economic Effects of Fiscal Consolidation with Debt Feedback

Author : Mr.Marcello M. Estevão
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484304489
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economic Effects of Fiscal Consolidation with Debt Feedback by : Mr.Marcello M. Estevão

Download or read book The Economic Effects of Fiscal Consolidation with Debt Feedback written by Mr.Marcello M. Estevão and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past several years of recession and slow recovery have raised much interest on the effect of fiscal stimulus on economic activity, even as high public debts in many countries would call for fiscal consolidation. To evaluate the delicate balance between stimulus and consolidation requires measuring the size of fiscal multipliers, which often depends on having quarterly data so that exogenous fiscal policy shocks can be identified. We estimate fiscal multipliers using a novel methodology for identifying fiscal shocks within a structural vector autoregressive approach using annual data while controling for debt feedback effects. The estimation focuses on regions with scarce quarterly data (mostly low-income countries), and uses results for advanced economies, emerging market countries, and other broad groupings for which alternative estimates are available to validate the methodology. Differently from advanced and emerging market economies, fiscal consolidation in low-income countries has only a small temporary negative effect on growth while raising medium-term output. Shifting the composition of public spending toward capital expenditure further supports long-run growth.

From Stimulus to Consolidation

Author : Juan Toro R.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1455217611
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis From Stimulus to Consolidation by : Juan Toro R.

Download or read book From Stimulus to Consolidation written by Juan Toro R. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-10-06 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper identifies policy tools that could be used for fiscal consolidation in advanced and emerging economies in the years ahead. The consolidation strategy, particularly in advanced countries, should aim to stabilize age-related spending in relation to GDP, reduce non-age-related expenditure ratios, and increase revenues. Bold reforms are needed to offset projected increases in age-related spending, particularly health care. On the revenue side, measures could include improving tax compliance, for example through better international cooperation, as well as increasing the yield from VAT by eliminating exemptions and reduced rates, further developing property taxes, and increasing excise rates within the range of rates already applicable in comparable countries.

Varieties of Capitalism

Author : Peter A. Hall
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199247749
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Varieties of Capitalism by : Peter A. Hall

Download or read book Varieties of Capitalism written by Peter A. Hall and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying the new economics of organisation and relational theories of the firm to the problem of understanding cross-national variation in the political economy, this volume elaborates a new understanding of the institutional differences that characterise the 'varieties of capitalism' worldwide.

Consolidation of Financial Regulation: Pros, Cons, and Implications for the United States

Author : Sabrina R. Pellerin
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437919510
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Consolidation of Financial Regulation: Pros, Cons, and Implications for the United States by : Sabrina R. Pellerin

Download or read book Consolidation of Financial Regulation: Pros, Cons, and Implications for the United States written by Sabrina R. Pellerin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. financial system has changed significantly over the last several decades without structural changes to the decentralized financial regulatory system. Many countries have chosen to consolidate their regulators into a newly formed "single regulator" or have significantly reduced the number of existing regulators in order to form a regulatory structure that more closely mirrors the current financial system -- one that is dominated by large financial org. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of regulatory consolidation, explores the effects of consolidation on regulators' incentives, and evaluates which entity is best suited for this role. Reviews the transitions to consolidated regulation that took place in the UK, Germany, Japan, and Australia. Tables.

Model Rules of Professional Conduct

Author : American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Publisher : American Bar Association
ISBN 13 : 9781590318737
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Model Rules of Professional Conduct by : American Bar Association. House of Delegates

Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics

Author : Warner Max Corden
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780868310794
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics by : Warner Max Corden

Download or read book Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics written by Warner Max Corden and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Size Economies in Local Government Services

Author : William Freeman Fox
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Size Economies in Local Government Services by : William Freeman Fox

Download or read book Size Economies in Local Government Services written by William Freeman Fox and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Market Domination!

Author : Stephen G. Hannaford
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1567207316
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (672 download)

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Book Synopsis Market Domination! by : Stephen G. Hannaford

Download or read book Market Domination! written by Stephen G. Hannaford and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-06-30 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An oligopoly (from the Greek, few sellers) is a market that is dominated by a few large and powerful players. As Steve Hannaford documents with numerous examples, virtually every industry todayfrom medical equipment to airlines, toy retailing to oilis trending in this direction, in the greatest movement toward industry consolidation since the turn of the 20th century. Charting the course of this trend around the world, Hannaford examines the motivations behind consolidation resulting from mergers, acquisitions, buyouts, and alliances; how companies exert political pressure to their advantage; and how the actions of the most dominant playerssuch as Coca-Cola, Wal-Mart, Viacom, Dell, ExxonMobil, Citigroup, and othersaffect the choices we make at the supermarket, the drugs we are prescribed, and the movies we watch. Everyone who reads the newspapers is aware of the dizzying pace of mergers, acquisitions, buyouts, and alliances, between big companies and small companies in every industry. Such deals, along with the growing social and political clout of the biggest companies, are critical issues for the economy and for our future as consumers. Charting the course of this trend around the world, Hannaford examines the motivations behind consolidation into corporate empires, how companies exert political pressure to their advantage, and how the actions of the most dominant players, such as Coca-Cola, Wal-Mart, Viacom, Dell, ExxonMobil, Citigroup, and others, affect the choices we have at the supermarket, the drugs we are prescribed, and the movies we watch. Considering the implications of industry concentration on competition, technological innovation, business management, strategy, consumer behavior, and politics, Hannaford paints a provocative, but ultimately balanced, picture of big business and its impact on society.

Size Economies in Local Government Services

Author : William F. Fox
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Size Economies in Local Government Services by : William F. Fox

Download or read book Size Economies in Local Government Services written by William F. Fox and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis

Author : Alberto Alesina
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022601844X
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis by : Alberto Alesina

Download or read book Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis written by Alberto Alesina and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-06-25 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent recession has brought fiscal policy back to the forefront, with economists and policy makers struggling to reach a consensus on highly political issues like tax rates and government spending. At the heart of the debate are fiscal multipliers, whose size and sensitivity determine the power of such policies to influence economic growth. Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis focuses on the effects of fiscal stimuli and increased government spending, with contributions that consider the measurement of the multiplier effect and its size. In the face of uncertainty over the sustainability of recent economic policies, further contributions to this volume discuss the merits of alternate means of debt reduction through decreased government spending or increased taxes. A final section examines how the short-term political forces driving fiscal policy might be balanced with aspects of the long-term planning governing monetary policy. A direct intervention in timely debates, Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis offers invaluable insights about various responses to the recent financial crisis.

Historical Statistics on Banking

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 708 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Statistics on Banking by :

Download or read book Historical Statistics on Banking written by and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Expansionary Austerity New International Evidence

Author : Mr.Daniel Leigh
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1455294691
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis Expansionary Austerity New International Evidence by : Mr.Daniel Leigh

Download or read book Expansionary Austerity New International Evidence written by Mr.Daniel Leigh and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the short-term effects of fiscal consolidation on economic activity in OECD economies. We examine the historical record, including Budget Speeches and IMFdocuments, to identify changes in fiscal policy motivated by a desire to reduce the budget deficit and not by responding to prospective economic conditions. Using this new dataset, our estimates suggest fiscal consolidation has contractionary effects on private domestic demand and GDP. By contrast, estimates based on conventional measures of the fiscal policy stance used in the literature support the expansionary fiscal contractions hypothesis but appear to be biased toward overstating expansionary effects.

Will Consolidation Improve Sub-national Governments?

Author : William F. Fox
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 6050511020
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Will Consolidation Improve Sub-national Governments? by : William F. Fox

Download or read book Will Consolidation Improve Sub-national Governments? written by William F. Fox and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Local government size varies dramatically around the world. In Sudan, Cote d'Ivoire, and the United Kingdom, municipalities average more than 125,000 people. Those in many European countries have less than 10,000 people. Countries often consider consolidation of local governments as a means to lower service delivery costs, improve service quality, enhance accountability, improve equity, or expand participation in government. The authors review a number of theoretical arguments and empirical findings concerning the size of sub-national governments. Countries should not presume that amalgamation will solve problems because benefits and costs are situation specific. Success depends on many factors, including getting incentives right for the various players and managing the transition properly. The effects on costs must be examined in terms of all changes occurring with consolidation, including geographic size. Size economies appear service specific and are most likely to result for infrastructure intensive services such as water and sewerage. Size economies are less likely for services such as education that are provided in numerous small production units near the population. Also, the potential for savings depends on other factors, such as willingness to eliminate redundant workers. Consolidation reduces the potential for local government competition, which appears to enhance service quality but not necessarily overall government size. There is some evidence that citizens are more willing to be involved in larger governments, but trust may fall with government size. Larger governments can improve regional planning by handling problems with a broader geographic perspective and giving the government more influence with national policymakers."--World Bank web site.

Learning from SARS

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309182158
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Learning from SARS by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Learning from SARS written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-26 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.

City–County Consolidation

Author : Suzanne M. Leland
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 158901622X
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis City–County Consolidation by : Suzanne M. Leland

Download or read book City–County Consolidation written by Suzanne M. Leland and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although a frequently discussed reform, campaigns to merge a major municipality and county to form a unified government fail to win voter approval eighty per cent of the time. One cause for the low success rate may be that little systematic analysis of consolidated governments has been done. In City–County Consolidation, Suzanne Leland and Kurt Thurmaier compare nine city–county consolidations—incorporating data from 10 years before and after each consolidation—to similar cities and counties that did not consolidate. Their groundbreaking study offers valuable insight into whether consolidation meets those promises made to voters to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of these governments. The book will appeal to those with an interest in urban affairs, economic development, local government management, general public administration, and scholars of policy, political science, sociology, and geography.

The Rise and Fall of Urban Economies

Author : Michael Storper
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804796025
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of Urban Economies by : Michael Storper

Download or read book The Rise and Fall of Urban Economies written by Michael Storper and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, the Bay Area is home to the most successful knowledge economy in America, while Los Angeles has fallen progressively further behind its neighbor to the north and a number of other American metropolises. Yet, in 1970, experts would have predicted that L.A. would outpace San Francisco in population, income, economic power, and influence. The usual factors used to explain urban growth—luck, immigration, local economic policies, and the pool of skilled labor—do not account for the contrast between the two cities and their fates. So what does? The Rise and Fall of Urban Economies challenges many of the conventional notions about economic development and sheds new light on its workings. The authors argue that it is essential to understand the interactions of three major components—economic specialization, human capital formation, and institutional factors—to determine how well a regional economy will cope with new opportunities and challenges. Drawing on economics, sociology, political science, and geography, they argue that the economic development of metropolitan regions hinges on previously underexplored capacities for organizational change in firms, networks of people, and networks of leaders. By studying San Francisco and Los Angeles in unprecedented levels of depth, this book extracts lessons for the field of economic development studies and urban regions around the world.