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Ecological Genetics Of Dispersal And Mating System In Populations Of Yellow Bellied Marmots Marmota Flaviventris
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Book Synopsis Ecological Genetics of Dispersal and Mating System in Populations of Yellow-bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventris) by : Christian Hollace Floyd
Download or read book Ecological Genetics of Dispersal and Mating System in Populations of Yellow-bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventris) written by Christian Hollace Floyd and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Estimating the Heritability of Female Dispersal in Yellow-bellied Marmots by : Megan Nicole Edic
Download or read book Estimating the Heritability of Female Dispersal in Yellow-bellied Marmots written by Megan Nicole Edic and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natal dispersal is the permanent movement of individuals from their natal home range to a new location for reproduction. Dispersal helps maintain genetic variation and is viewed as an adaptive behavior; however, the decision rules influencing dispersal may no longer be optimal in rapidly changing environments. Climate change creates mismatches between species' life history traits, decision rules, and the environment, and this gap may be enhanced in species whose habitats are especially sensitive to rapid change. At least two processes can permit flexible responses in a changing environment: phenotypic plasticity and/or possessing sufficient additive genetic variation to permit evolution. While numerous studies investigate species' plastic responses to altered environmental conditions, the potential to evolve when faced with long-term changes is often overlooked in ecological studies of dispersal. Here, we use the quantitative genetic mixed model, termed the 'animal model', to conduct a variance decomposition of female yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventer) natal dispersal. We found significant heritable variation in the propensity to disperse when using a 60-year data set, but our estimate was not substantially different from zero when we used a smaller 18-year data set that permitted us to account for known environmental effects that influence dispersal. Nevertheless, these findings illustrate the importance of phenotypic plasticity in dispersal decisions in this system and, overall, suggest that should yellow-bellied marmots experience a future mismatch with their environment, they have some additive genetic variation that may allow them to evolve a new optimal response.
Book Synopsis Male Social Behavior in a Facultatively Social Rodent, the Yellow-bellied Marmot (Marmota Flaviventris) by : Lucretia Elizabeth Olson
Download or read book Male Social Behavior in a Facultatively Social Rodent, the Yellow-bellied Marmot (Marmota Flaviventris) written by Lucretia Elizabeth Olson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marmot Biology by : Kenneth B. Armitage
Download or read book Marmot Biology written by Kenneth B. Armitage and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the physiological and behavioral factors that enable a species to live in a harsh seasonal environment, this book places the social biology of marmots in an environmental context. It draws on the results of a forty-year empirical study of the population biology of the yellow-bellied marmot near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in the Upper East River Valley in Colorado, USA. The text examines life-history features such as body-size, habitat use, environmental physiology, social dynamics, and kinship. Considerable new data analyses are integrated with material published over a fifty-year period, including extensive natural history observations, providing an essential foundation for integrating social and population processes. Finally, the results of research into the yellow-bellied marmot are related to major ecological and evolutionary theories, especially inclusive fitness and population regulation, making this a valuable resource for students and researchers in animal behavior, behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, ecology and conservation.
Book Synopsis Social Behavior, Foraging, and Reproduction in Female Yellow-bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventris). by : Elizabeth L. Stallman
Download or read book Social Behavior, Foraging, and Reproduction in Female Yellow-bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventris). written by Elizabeth L. Stallman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Novel Gene Expression Shifts in Response to Complex Environmental Stimuli in a Wild Population of Yellow-Bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventer) by : Tiffany Christine Armenta
Download or read book Novel Gene Expression Shifts in Response to Complex Environmental Stimuli in a Wild Population of Yellow-Bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventer) written by Tiffany Christine Armenta and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene expression is an important mechanism that allows organisms to adapt to environmental stimuli. Recent advances in molecular techniques have enabled extensive research evaluating environmentally induced transcription rates across the genome in controlled laboratory conditions. However, relatively few studies have examined transcriptional responses to external changes in wild populations, where natural selection operates. For my dissertation, I aimed to evaluate how wild animals physiologically respond to various environmental stressors on the molecular level. In my first chapter, I provide an overview of my three empirical research chapters. In my second chapter, I evaluated gene expression changes in female yearling yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) as they prepared to disperse from the natal colony. Dispersers exhibited significant increases in the expression of genes involved in metabolism, muscle function, and pathogen defense, providing support for somatic preparation for the upcoming risks involved with dispersal. In my third chapter, I focused on both male and female marmots to evaluate the impact of social status on gene expression variation in blood. Previous studies in controlled systems have identified a conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) where socially stressed individuals often exhibit chronic inflammation and reduced antiviral responses. I found that affiliative and agonistic social interactions influenced the inflammatory transcriptional response, but not the antiviral response. This suggests that inflammation is an evolutionarily conserved trait when dealing with social stress, but that the viral response may depend on the social structure of the species. Finally, in my fourth chapter, I examined the transcriptional response to predator pressure in this species. I identified predator-induced differential expression in several genetic pathways including heat shock proteins, metabolism, brain function, and glucocorticoid signaling. My dissertation demonstrated the ability to observe the molecular response to external stimulis in a wild mammal, which could prove to be a powerful method for studying the cellular stress response in natural populations.
Book Synopsis Population-level Consequences of Phenotypic Plasticity in Yellow-bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventris) by : Adriana Alexandra Maldonado Chapparro
Download or read book Population-level Consequences of Phenotypic Plasticity in Yellow-bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventris) written by Adriana Alexandra Maldonado Chapparro and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals vary phenotypically. Phenotypic variation can emerge because of bet-hedging, micro-evolutionary responses, and because of phenotypic plasticity, an important mechanism by which individuals can cope with environmental change. Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of an individual to respond to environmental variation, can influence demographic parameters (e.g., birth and death rates) that influence population dynamics. I used a population of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) as a study system to explore the effect of individual variation due to phenotypically plastic responses on population dynamics. First, I used linear mixed effects models to examine and quantify the plastic responses in a set of morphological, life-history and social traits in response to climatic and social variation. Results showed that individuals have the ability to respond to environmental variation by expressing different phenotypes, and that individuals differ in the nature of their plastic responses. Second, I developed an Integral Projection Model to evaluate the trait-mediated response to environmental variation. Results indicated that variation in survival and reproduction are the main drivers of fluctuation in the population growth rate, and that winter temperature, but not spring temperature and bare ground date, are important environmental drivers of population fluctuations. Furthermore, although variation in a key morphological trait, body mass, does not explain significant variation in population growth rate, it plays an important role in mediating the individuals' response to the environment. Finally, I developed an Individual Based Model, to incorporate individual differences in the rate at which animals gained mass seasonally, and evaluated the effect of such individual heterogeneity for population persistence. Results indicated that the proportion of individuals in the population that engaged in compensatory growth influenced population dynamics, and the cost of expressing such compensatory responses had a strong effect on population dynamics. If growth rate plasticity varies among-individuals, the population can afford the cost of plasticity; otherwise, plasticity increases the time to population extinction. These findings emphasize the importance of phenotypic plasticity as a mechanism shaping individual variation in a population, and as an important response of a species' adaptation to environmental change.
Book Synopsis The Causes and Maintenance of Personality in Yellow-bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventris) by : Matthew Brian Petelle
Download or read book The Causes and Maintenance of Personality in Yellow-bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventris) written by Matthew Brian Petelle and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal personality, or consistent individual behavior, is wide spread across taxa, and is now being linked to ecology and evolutionary dynamics. Despite interest in the ecological and evolutionary consequences of personality, few studies have used a Tinbergian approach to understanding the causes and maintenance of personality. Furthermore, there is a large amount of variation within personality traits, and as evolutionary biologists, we are keenly interested in how variation is caused, develops, and is maintained within a population. My dissertation use Tinbergian principles to try and explain personality using yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) as a study system. First, I explore the methodology that describes personality traits by testing whether unacquainted raters could reliably assess subjects using subjective ratings. I found that raters could reliably measure subjects, and some of these measures were valid when compared to behavioral codings. I then focus on the development of personality and found that docility and boldness do not follow the same ontogenetic path. These traits become repeatable at different life stages, and this may reflect differences in stage-specific life history strategies. I also found that boldness and docility do not form a behavioral syndrome, and that this is most likely due to the differences in development. My next chapter focuses on the causes and maintenance of personality. I test three major theoretical hypotheses & mdash; growth-mortality tradeoffs, residual reproductive value, and state-dependent safety & mdash; and found no evidence for any. I did, however, find that different environmental variables differentially influence the same personality traits across contexts suggesting that selection can influence the same personality trait through different variables depending on the context. Finally, I explore the quantitative genetics of personality. To fully understand the evolution of personality, we need to know the heritability and correlations underlying these traits. I found low heritability in most personality traits with some correlations. This dissertation shows, that in marmots, personality is heavily influenced by environment and that personality is linked to life history strategy.
Book Synopsis Population Genetic Structure of the Yellow-bellied Marmot, Marmota Flaviventris, in the Central Rocky Mountain Region of North America by : Prianka Rajan
Download or read book Population Genetic Structure of the Yellow-bellied Marmot, Marmota Flaviventris, in the Central Rocky Mountain Region of North America written by Prianka Rajan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Animal Dispersal written by N.C. Stenseth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 4.1.1 Demographic significance Confined populations grow more rapidly than populations from which dispersal is permitted (Lidicker, 1975; Krebs, 1979; Tamarin et at., 1984), and demography in island populations where dispersal is restricted differs greatly from nearby mainland populations (Lidicker, 1973; Tamarin, 1977, 1978; Gliwicz, 1980), clearly demonstrating the demographic signi ficance of dispersal. The prevalence of dispersal in rapidly expanding populations is held to be the best evidence for presaturation dispersal. Because dispersal reduces the growth rate of source populations, it is generally believed that emigration is not balanced by immigration, and that mortality of emigrants occurs as a result of movement into a 'sink' of unfavourable habitat. If such dispersal is age- or sex-biased, the demo graphy of the population is markedly affected, as a consequence of differ ences in mortality in the dispersive sex or age class. Habitat heterogeneity consequently underlies this interpretation of dispersal and its demographic consequences, although the spatial variability of environments is rarely assessed in dispersal studies.
Book Synopsis Animal Social Networks by : Dr. Jens Krause
Download or read book Animal Social Networks written by Dr. Jens Krause and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific study of networks - computer, social, and biological - has received an enormous amount of interest in recent years. However, the network approach has been applied to the field of animal behaviour relatively late compared to many other biological disciplines. Understanding social network structure is of great importance for biologists since the structural characteristics of any network will affect its constituent members and influence a range of diverse behaviours. These include finding and choosing a sexual partner, developing and maintaining cooperative relationships, and engaging in foraging and anti-predator behavior. This novel text provides an overview of the insights that network analysis has provided into major biological processes, and how it has enhanced our understanding of the social organisation of several important taxonomic groups. It brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines with the aim of providing both an overview of the power of the network approach for understanding patterns and process in animal populations, as well as outlining how current methodological constraints and challenges can be overcome. Animal Social Networks is principally aimed at graduate level students and researchers in the fields of ecology, zoology, animal behaviour, and evolutionary biology but will also be of interest to social scientists.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Breeding in Mammals by : Nancy G. Solomon
Download or read book Cooperative Breeding in Mammals written by Nancy G. Solomon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-03-13 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COOPERATIVE BREEDING AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN ANIMAL SOCIETIES.
Book Synopsis Rodent Societies by : Jerry O. Wolff
Download or read book Rodent Societies written by Jerry O. Wolff and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rodent Societies synthesizes and integrates the current state of knowledge about the social behavior of rodents, providing ecological and evolutionary contexts for understanding their societies and highlighting emerging conservation and management strategies to preserve them. It begins with a summary of the evolution, phylogeny, and biogeography of social and nonsocial rodents, providing a historical basis for comparative analyses. Subsequent sections focus on group-living rodents and characterize their reproductive behaviors, life histories and population ecology, genetics, neuroendocrine mechanisms, behavioral development, cognitive processes, communication mechanisms, cooperative and uncooperative behaviors, antipredator strategies, comparative socioecology, diseases, and conservation. Using the highly diverse and well-studied Rodentia as model systems to integrate a variety of research approaches and evolutionary theory into a unifying framework, Rodent Societies will appeal to a wide range of disciplines, both as a compendium of current research and as a stimulus for future collaborative and interdisciplinary investigations.
Book Synopsis Mammal Societies by : Tim Clutton-Brock
Download or read book Mammal Societies written by Tim Clutton-Brock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book aims to integrate our understanding of mammalian societies into a novel synthesis that is relevant to behavioural ecologists, ecologists, and anthropologists. It adopts a coherent structure that deals initially with the characteristics and strategies of females, before covering those of males, cooperative societies and hominid societies. It reviews our current understanding both of the structure of societies and of the strategies of individuals; it combines coverage of relevant areas of theory with coverage of interspecific comparisons, intraspecific comparisons and experiments; it explores both evolutionary causes of different traits and their ecological consequences; and it integrates research on different groups of mammals with research on primates and humans and attempts to put research on human societies into a broader perspective.
Book Synopsis Contemporary Issues in Comparative Psychology by : Donald A. Dewsbury
Download or read book Contemporary Issues in Comparative Psychology written by Donald A. Dewsbury and published by Sinauer Associates, Incorporated. This book was released on 1990 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary Issues in Comparative Psychology, provides an overview of current research in the branch of comparative psychology that lies within the mainstream of the study of animal behaviour. The book presents some of the best work being done by psychologists studying animal behaviour, and remonstrates the concerns and the achievements of this dynamic field. Contemporary Issues in Comparative Psychology, should serve as a useful resource for students and professionals working in the fields of psychology, zoology, ecology and animal behaviour.
Book Synopsis Comparative Social Evolution by : Dustin R. Rubenstein
Download or read book Comparative Social Evolution written by Dustin R. Rubenstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Darwin famously described special difficulties in explaining social evolution in insects. More than a century later, the evolution of sociality - defined broadly as cooperative group living - remains one of the most intriguing problems in biology. Providing a unique perspective on the study of social evolution, this volume synthesizes the features of animal social life across the principle taxonomic groups in which sociality has evolved. The chapters explore sociality in a range of species, from ants to primates, highlighting key natural and life history data and providing a comparative view across animal societies. In establishing a single framework for a common, trait-based approach towards social synthesis, this volume will enable graduate students and investigators new to the field to systematically compare taxonomic groups and reinvigorate comparative approaches to studying animal social evolution.
