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Ecological And Evolutionary Consequences Of Spatial Variation In Plant Pollinator Interactions
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Book Synopsis Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Spatial Variation in Plant-pollinator Interactions by : David Alan Moeller
Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Spatial Variation in Plant-pollinator Interactions written by David Alan Moeller and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Genotypic Variation and Indirect Genetic Effects on Plant-neighbor Interactions by : Mark Alan Genung
Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Genotypic Variation and Indirect Genetic Effects on Plant-neighbor Interactions written by Mark Alan Genung and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most explanations for community structure exclude the effects of genes above the population level, but recent research suggests that distinct genotypes of dominant plant species can also play important roles in structuring associated communities and influencing ecosystem processes. However, very little is understood about how the outcomes of plant-neighbor interactions are determined by intraspecific genotypic variation and indirect genetic effects (IGEs), which are influences on the phenotype of a focal individual due to the expression of genes in an interacting individual. Using clones of both Solidago altissima and Solidago gigantea, I established two common garden experiments and a decomposition experiment to determine how genotypic variation and neighbor genotype (IGEs) affected a range of population, community, and ecosystem level responses. These included above- and belowground plant productivity and biomass allocation, plant chemistry, pollinator visitation, decomposition rate, and nutrient cycling. Combined, the results from the first common garden and decomposition experiment showed that IGEs changed belowground plant traits, and these changes also affected litter quality at the time of plant senescence. These shifts in litter quality extended to affect ecosystem processes, specifically decomposition rate and nitrogen (N) immobilization. This result shows that IGEs can initiate "afterlife effects", linking aboveground-belowground interactions with evolutionary processes. Because IGEs strongly affected belowground plant traits in my first common garden, I established a second common garden which manipulated the presence of belowground interactions between neighboring plants. The goal of this garden was to test the hypothesis that IGEs are most important for traits related to acquiring limiting resources, which for my species was the supply of belowground nutrients. I found that IGEs explained over 20 times as much variation in focal plant belowground biomass than did focal plant genotype, but only in pots which allowed belowground interactions. To explore the importance of IGEs to questions at the interface of ecology and evolution, I also conducted a primary literature review which indicated that IGEs link ecological and evolutionary dynamics and that the consequences of this ecological-evolutionary linkage begin with the phenotype of an individual within a population and extend to the associated community and ecosystem.
Book Synopsis Plant-Pollinator Interactions by : Nickolas M. Waser
Download or read book Plant-Pollinator Interactions written by Nickolas M. Waser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just as flowering plants depend on their pollinators, many birds, insects, and bats rely on plants for energy and nutrients. This plant-pollinator relationship is essential to the survival of natural and agricultural ecosystems. Plant-Pollinator Interactions portrays the intimate relationships of pollination over time and space and reveals patterns of interactions from individual to community levels, showing how these patterns change at different spatial and temporal scales. Nickolas M. Waser and Jeff Ollerton bring together experts from around the world to offer a comprehensive analysis of pollination, including the history of thinking about specialization and generalization and a comparison of pollination to other mutualisms. An overview of current thinking and of future research priorities, Plant-Pollinator Interactions covers an important theme in evolutionary ecology with far-reaching applications in conservation and agriculture. This book will find an eager audience in specialists studying pollination and other mutualisms, as well as with biologists who are interested in ecological, evolutionary, and behavioral aspects of the specialization and generalization of species.
Book Synopsis Plant-pollinator Interactions in an Ecological and Evolutionary Context by : Eric Octavio Campos
Download or read book Plant-pollinator Interactions in an Ecological and Evolutionary Context written by Eric Octavio Campos and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation concerns itself with the role of flower shape in affecting the foraging performance of pollinating animals. The pollinator used in this study is a model organism representing crepuscular hawkmoths in research involving the study of flight neuromuscular physiology and plant-pollinator interactions, Manduca sexta (hereafter Manduca). The broader goal of the work is to develop a new experimental framework for investigating the ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant-pollinator interactions. To that end, I have combined 3D-printing technology and mathematical modelling to construct artificial flowers, which can be manufactured with great precision and with objective, quantitatively describable shapes. First, I present a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the feasibility of collecting foraging data from a real animal pollinator attempting to feed from 3D-printed artificial flowers. I show that Manduca’s foraging performance is extremely sensitive to variation in floral corolla curvature and nectary diameter. These results validate the experimental approach that I describe, justifying a large investment of time and financial resources into a major iterative improvement of my experimental apparatus. Next, I describe the improved experimental apparatus and use it to construct a performance landscape of Manduca’s innate foraging performance as a function of variation in flower morphology. This landscape suggests that Manduca’s foraging performance is contingent on a context-dependent interaction between corolla curvature and nectary diameter. Finally, I use data from infrared sensors attached to each artificial flower and custom computer vision software (both improvements over the proof-of-concept apparatus) to identify putative proxies of fitness for both the pollinator and the plant (artificial flower). The goal is to examine whether the pollination mutualism between Manduca and the flowers that it visits in nature could represent a scenario of evolutionary conflict or harmony. The results are inconclusive due to opposing conclusions that the various indirect proxies of flower fitness point to. As a result, I make suggestions for improving the experimental apparatus even further by including a physical touch-sensitive sensor into the design of the artificial flowers. Such a sensor would act as a physical analogue for a real flower’s reproductive structures, allowing the apparatus to yield a direct rather than indirect measure of flower fitness. Still, the general framework of using 3D-printed flower whose shapes are mathematically specified shows great promise for opening up new areas of experimental inquiry in the field of plant-pollinator interactions.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Ecology of Pollination by : Lars Chittka
Download or read book Cognitive Ecology of Pollination written by Lars Chittka and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-05-28 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Important breakthroughs have recently been made in our understanding of the cognitive and sensory abilities of pollinators: how pollinators perceive, memorise and react to floral signals and rewards; how they work flowers, move among inflorescences and transport pollen. These new findings have obvious implications for the evolution of floral display and diversity, but most existing publications are scattered across a wide range of journals in very different research traditions. This book brings together for the first time outstanding scholars from many different fields of pollination biology, integrating the work of neuroethologists and evolutionary ecologists to present a multi-disciplinary approach. Aimed at graduates and researchers of behavioural and pollination ecology, plant evolutionary biology and neuroethology, it will also be a useful source of information for anyone interested in a modern view of cognitive and sensory ecology, pollination and floral evolution.
Book Synopsis Evolution of Plant-Pollinator Relationships by : Sébastien Patiny
Download or read book Evolution of Plant-Pollinator Relationships written by Sébastien Patiny and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-08 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the evolutionary mechanisms and ecological implications behind a pollinator choosing its favourite flower? Sixty-five million years of evolution has created the complex and integrated system which we see today and understanding the interactions involved is key to environmental sustainability. Examining pollination relationships from an evolutionary perspective, this book covers both botanical and zoological aspects. It addresses the puzzling question of co-speciation and co-evolution and the complexity of the relationships between plant and pollinator, the development of which is examined through the fossil record. Additional chapters are dedicated to the evolution of floral displays and signalling, as well as their role in pollination syndromes and the building of pollination networks. Wide-ranging in its coverage, it outlines current knowledge and complex emerging topics, demonstrating how advances in research methods are applied to pollination biology.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences for Plants Following Pollinator Change by : Christopher R. Mackin
Download or read book Understanding the Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences for Plants Following Pollinator Change written by Christopher R. Mackin and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecology and Evolution of Flowers by : Lawrence D. Harder
Download or read book Ecology and Evolution of Flowers written by Lawrence D. Harder and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Floral biology, floral function, sexual systems, diversification.
Book Synopsis Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity by : Mark Vellend
Download or read book Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity written by Mark Vellend and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecology And Evolution Of Plant Reproduction by : Robert Edward Wyatt
Download or read book Ecology And Evolution Of Plant Reproduction written by Robert Edward Wyatt and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tremendous progress has been made during the past decade in the burgeoning field of plant reproductive biology. A number of quantitative and technical breakthroughs, such as horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis, have resulted in a revolution in our thinking. The study of breeding systems, which used to be marked by a rather static focus on pollination and self-incompatibility, has been transformed by dynamic models of transitional pathways, and investigators are looking not only into genetic factors but ecological ones as well. Workers in the field have recently produced detailed accounts of mating success and the relative fitness of plants as male and female parents, thus testing the applicability of sexual selection theory to plants. Ecology and Evolution of Plant Reproduction surveys recent advances in the field of plant reproductive biology and identifies fruitful avenues for future research. The contributors are well known in the fields of morphology, systematics, genetics, cell biology, and ecology, representing the full spectrum of approaches that contribute vigor to this emerging field. This new work will benefit professionals and graduate students in plant science and plant breeding, evolutionary ecology, genetics, and reproductive biology.
Book Synopsis Plant-Pollinator Interactions by : Nickolas Merritt Waser
Download or read book Plant-Pollinator Interactions written by Nickolas Merritt Waser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2006-01-15 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description
Book Synopsis Mutualistic Networks by : Jordi Bascompte
Download or read book Mutualistic Networks written by Jordi Bascompte and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-08 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mutualistic interactions among plants and animals have played a paramount role in shaping biodiversity. Yet the majority of studies on mutualistic interactions have involved only a few species, as opposed to broader mutual connections between communities of organisms. Mutualistic Networks is the first book to comprehensively explore this burgeoning field. Integrating different approaches, from the statistical description of network structures to the development of new analytical frameworks, Jordi Bascompte and Pedro Jordano describe the architecture of these mutualistic networks and show their importance for the robustness of biodiversity and the coevolutionary process. Making a case for why we should care about mutualisms and their complex networks, this book offers a new perspective on the study and synthesis of this growing area for ecologists and evolutionary biologists. It will serve as the standard reference for all future work on mutualistic interactions in biological communities.
Book Synopsis Ant-pollinator Interactions in Turnera Velutina by : Nora Villamil-Buenrostro
Download or read book Ant-pollinator Interactions in Turnera Velutina written by Nora Villamil-Buenrostro and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Status of Pollinators in North America by : National Research Council
Download or read book Status of Pollinators in North America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.
Book Synopsis Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Plant Mediation of Multi-trophic Interactions by : Luis Alejandro Abdala
Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Plant Mediation of Multi-trophic Interactions written by Luis Alejandro Abdala and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumers are strongly influenced by plant phenotypic variation. Such variation may have a genetic or environmental basis, and occurs when plant genotypes or species vary in traits or when patches of co-occurring plants vary in the number of genotypes or species. However, these sources of plant variation have usually been studied separately, their underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, and the evolutionary consequences are largely unknown. This dissertation aims to fill these gaps in research by evaluating: (i) the mechanisms by which environmental- and genetic-driven trait variation in the herb Ruellia nudiflora influence seed-eating caterpillars and wasps parasitizing the latter (Chapter 1), (ii) the evolutionary consequences of R. nudiflora trait variation on insects and of insect effects on the plant (Chapter 2), (iii) the ecological and evolutionary consequences of R. nudiflora genotypic diversity effects on these interactions (Chapter 3), and (iii) the dual effects of Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) genotypic and neighbor tree species diversity on insect herbivores (Chapter 4), and herbivore-enemy interactions (Chapter 5). By manipulating soil fertility and R. nudiflora genotype identity (progeny of same mother plant) in a common garden, I found that genotype effects were stronger than fertility effects and operated via different mechanisms (Chapter 1). Further analyses revealed that caterpillar selection on plants was dampened by parasitoids, and that increasing soil fertility weakened caterpillar and parasitoid selection on the plant (Chapter 2). A second experiment manipulating genotype number in patches of R. nudiflora revealed that genotypic diversity influenced plant-caterpillar interactions, and that such effects altered caterpillar selection on plant traits; however, parasitoids eliminated this feedback (Chapter 3). Finally, in a large-scale field experiment I found that tree species diversity (but not mahogany genotypic diversity) influenced herbivore abundance (Chapter 4). However, surrounding tree species diversity influenced specialist herbivores (feeding only on mahogany) but not generalists. Additionally, neither source of diversity influenced interactions between parasitic wasps and leaf-mining caterpillars (Chapter 5). Collectively, these results underscore the predictive value of determining the mechanisms and sources of plant phenotypic variation influencing consumers (environmental vs. genetic, genotypic vs. species diversity), and present evidence for novel feedbacks between plants and consumers.
Book Synopsis Pollinators and Pollination by : Jeff Ollerton
Download or read book Pollinators and Pollination written by Jeff Ollerton and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and personal insight into the ecology and evolution of pollinators, their relationships with flowers, and their conservation in a rapidly changing world. The pollination of flowers by insects, birds and other animals is a fundamentally important ecological function that supports both the natural world and human society. Without pollinators to facilitate the sexual reproduction of plants, the world would be a biologically poorer place in which to live, there would be an impact on food security, and human health would suffer. Written by one of the world’s leading pollination ecologists, this book provides an introduction to what pollinators are, how their interactions with flowers have evolved, and the fundamental ecology of these relationships. It explores the pollination of wild and agricultural plants in a variety of habitats and contexts, including urban, rural and agricultural environments. The author also provides practical advice on how individuals and organisations can study, and support, pollinators. As well as covering the natural history of pollinators and flowers, the author discusses their cultural importance, and the ways in which pollinator conservation has been portrayed from a political perspective. The book draws on field work experiences in South America, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands and the UK. For over 30 years the author has spent his career researching how plants and pollinators evolve relationships, how these interactions function ecologically, their importance for society, and how we can conserve them in a rapidly changing world. This book offers a unique and personal insight into the science of pollinators and pollination, aimed at anyone who is interested in understanding these fascinating and crucial ecological interactions.
Book Synopsis Obligate Pollination Mutualism by : Makoto Kato
Download or read book Obligate Pollination Mutualism written by Makoto Kato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of mutualism origin, plant–pollinator specificity, mutualism stability, and reciprocal diversification. In particular, it focuses on the natural history and evolutionary history of the third example of obligate pollination mutualism, leafflower–leafflower moth association, which was discovered in the plant family Phyllanthaceae by the lead editor and then established by the editors and their coworkers as an ideal model system for studies of mutualism and the coevolutionary process. This work brings together the knowledge they have gained through an array of research conducted using different approaches, ranging from taxonomy, phylogenetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology to biogeography. Richly illustrated with numerous original color photographs, the volume consists of 13 chapters and is divided into three main parts: natural history, ecology, and evolution. It begins by showcasing numerous examples of plant–animal interactions and their origins to guide readers in the world of leafflowers and their pollinators. The immense diversity of Phyllanthaceae and pollinator moths is then explored, and in the following 7 chapters mutualism is discussed from a range of ecological and evolutionary points of view. The final chapter presents a review of the evolution and variety of obligate pollination mutualisms. This book offers researchers and students in the field of ecology, botany, evolutionary biology, pollination biology, entomology, and tropical biology fascinating insights into why such a costly pollination system has evolved and why Phyllanthaceae is so diverse despite the inconspicuousness of their flowers.
