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Author : Maria Elena Martino
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832505953
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Eco-evolutionary Processes Within Microbial Communities written by Maria Elena Martino and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-16 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paul Hyman
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845939840
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)
Download or read book Bacteriophages in Health and Disease written by Paul Hyman and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria; as such, they have many potential uses for promoting health and combating disease. This book covers the many facets of phage-bacterial-human interaction in three sections: the role and impact of phages on natural bacterial communities, the potential to develop phage-based therapeutics and other aspects in which phages can be used to combat disease, including bacterial detection, bacterial epidemiology, the tracing of fecal contamination of water and decontamination of foods.
Author : J Vaun McArthur
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080511542
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Microbial Ecology written by J Vaun McArthur and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-02-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the thesis that insights into both evolution and ecology can be obtained through the study of microorganismsm, Microbial Ecology examines microbiology through the lens of evolutionary ecology. Measured from a microbial perspective, this text covers such topics as optimal foraging, genome, reduction, novel evolutionary mechanisms, bacterial speciation, and r and K selection. Numerous aspects of microbial existence are also discussed and include: species competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, microbial communication through quorum sensing and other. The result is a context for understanding microbes in nature and a framework for microbiologists working in industry, medicine, and the environment. Applies evolutionary ecological concepts to microbes Addresses individual, population and community ecology Presents species concepts and offers insights on the origin of life and modern microbial ecology Examines topics such as species interactions, nutrient cycling, quorum sensing and cheating
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264324
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128014334
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theme of this volume is to discuss Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. Updates and informs the reader on the latest research findings Written by leading experts in the field Highlights areas for future investigation
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309131219
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-05-10 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his honor that the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop on May 20-21, 2008, to examine Dr. Lederberg's scientific and policy contributions to the marketplace of ideas in the life sciences, medicine, and public policy. The resulting workshop summary, Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation, demonstrates the extent to which conceptual and technological developments have, within a few short years, advanced our collective understanding of the microbiome, microbial genetics, microbial communities, and microbe-host-environment interactions.
Author : Corien Bakermans
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110340712
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Microbial Evolution under Extreme Conditions written by Corien Bakermans and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's microorganisms represent the vast majority of biodiversity on Earth and have survived nearly 4 billion years of evolutionary change. However, we still know little about the processes of evolution as applied to microorganisms and microbial populations. Microbial evolution occurred and continues to take place in a vast variety of environmental conditions that range from anoxic to oxic, from hot to cold, from free-living to symbiotic, etc. Some of these physicochemical conditions are considered "extreme", particularly when inhabitants are limited to microorganisms. It is easy to imagine that microbial life in extreme environments is somehow more constrained and perhaps subjected to different evolutionary pressures. But what do we actually know about microbial evolution under extreme conditions and how can we apply that knowledge to other conditions? Appealingly, extreme environments with their relatively limited numbers of inhabitants can serve as good model systems for the study of evolutionary processes. A look at the microbial inhabitants of today's extreme environments provides a snapshot in time of evolution and adaptation to extreme conditions. These adaptations manifest at different levels from established communities and species to genome content and changes in specific genes that result in altered function or gene expression. But as a recent (2011) report from the American Academy of Microbiology observes: "A complex issue in the study of microbial evolution is unraveling the process of evolution from that of adaptation. In many cases, microbes have the capacity to adapt to various environmental changes by changing gene expression or community composition as opposed to having to evolve entirely new capabilities." We have learned much about how microbes are adapted to extreme conditions but relatively little is known about these adaptations evolved. How did the different processes of evolution such as mutation, immigration, horizontal (lateral) gene transfer, recombination, hybridization, genetic drift, fixation, positive and negative selection, and selective screens contribute to the evolution of these genes, genomes, microbial species, communities, and functions? What are typical rates of these processes? How prevalent are each of these processes under different conditions? This book explores the current state of knowledge about microbial evolution under extreme conditions and addresses the following questions: What is known about the processes of microbial evolution (mechanisms, rates, etc.) under extreme conditions? Can this knowledge be applied to other systems and what is the broader relevance? What remains unknown and requires future research? These questions will be addressed from several perspectives including different extreme environments, specific organisms, and specific evolutionary processes.
Author : Howard Ochman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781621820376
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)
Download or read book Microbial Evolution written by Howard Ochman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria have been the dominant forms of life on Earth for the past 3.5 billion years. They rapidly evolve, constantly changing their genetic architecture through horizontal DNA transfer and other mechanisms. Consequently, it can be difficult to define individual species and determine how they are related. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines how bacteria and other microbes evolve, focusing on insights from genomics-based studies. Contributors discuss the origins of new microbial populations, the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that keep species separate once they have diverged, and the challenges of constructing phylogenetic trees that accurately reflect their relationships. They describe the organization of microbial genomes, the various mutations that occur, including the birth of new genes de novo and by duplication, and how natural selection acts on those changes. The role of horizontal gene transfer as a strong driver of microbial evolution is emphasized throughout. The authors also explore the geologic evidence for early microbial evolution and describe the use of microbial evolution experiments to examine phenomena like natural selection. This volume will thus be essential reading for all microbial ecologists, population geneticists, and evolutionary biologists.
Author : Karsten Zengler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781555814069
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Accessing Uncultivated Microorganisms written by Karsten Zengler and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a comprehensive overview and discussing developments in the field, this book details various innovative methods used in microbial ecology and environmental microbiology. It also includes all aspects of microbial diversity from bacteria and fungi to protists.
Author : Stephen P. Hubbell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400837529
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography (MPB-32) written by Stephen P. Hubbell and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its supreme importance and the threat of its global crash, biodiversity remains poorly understood both empirically and theoretically. This ambitious book presents a new, general neutral theory to explain the origin, maintenance, and loss of biodiversity in a biogeographic context. Until now biogeography (the study of the geographic distribution of species) and biodiversity (the study of species richness and relative species abundance) have had largely disjunct intellectual histories. In this book, Stephen Hubbell develops a formal mathematical theory that unifies these two fields. When a speciation process is incorporated into Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson's now classical theory of island biogeography, the generalized theory predicts the existence of a universal, dimensionless biodiversity number. In the theory, this fundamental biodiversity number, together with the migration or dispersal rate, completely determines the steady-state distribution of species richness and relative species abundance on local to large geographic spatial scales and short-term to evolutionary time scales. Although neutral, Hubbell's theory is nevertheless able to generate many nonobvious, testable, and remarkably accurate quantitative predictions about biodiversity and biogeography. In many ways Hubbell's theory is the ecological analog to the neutral theory of genetic drift in genetics. The unified neutral theory of biogeography and biodiversity should stimulate research in new theoretical and empirical directions by ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and biogeographers.
Author : Ajit Varma
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 981136480X
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Mycorrhizosphere and Pedogenesis written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-13 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book highlights importance of mycorrhiza in soil genesis wherein it reflects mycorrhizal occurrence and diversity, various tools to characterize them and its impact on soil formation/health together with crop productivity. The edited compendium provides glimpses on the mycorrhizal fungi and their prominent role in nutrient transfer into host plants, and presenting view on application of mycorrhiza for crop biofortification. It focuses on the mechanisms involve in weathering process employed by mycorrhiza with highlighting the current and advanced molecular approaches for studying mycorrhizal diversity. Further, book emphasizes following aspects in details: significance of AMF in phytoremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated sites, the role of mycorrhiza in soil genesis using scientometric approach, the concept of mycorrhizosphere, xenobiotic metabolism, molecular approaches for detoxifying the organic xenobiotics and the role of mycorrhizosphere in stabilizing the environment in an eco-friendly way. In addition, the book will be benign to researchers that involved in mycorrhiza characterization especially by deploying metagenomics/PCR based and non PCR based molecular techniques that may be utilized to study the microbial diversity and structure within the mycorrhizosphere.
Author : David L. Kirchman
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191624225
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)
Download or read book Processes in Microbial Ecology written by David L. Kirchman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial ecology is the study of interactions among microbes in natural environments and their roles in biogeochemical cycles, food web dynamics, and the evolution of life. Microbes are the most numerous organisms in the biosphere and mediate many critical reactions in elemental cycles and biogeochemical reactions. Because microbes are essential players in the carbon cycle and related processes, microbial ecology is a vital science for understanding the role of the biosphere in global warming and the response of natural ecosystems to climate change. This novel textbook discusses the major processes carried out by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and other protists - the microbes - in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. It focuses on biogeochemical processes, starting with primary production and the initial fixation of carbon into cellular biomass, before exploring how that carbon is degraded in both oxygen-rich (oxic) and oxygen-deficient (anoxic) environments. These biogeochemical processes are affected by ecological interactions, including competition for limiting nutrients, viral lysis, and predation by various protists in soils and aquatic habitats. The book neatly connects processes occurring at the micron scale to events happening at the global scale, including the carbon cycle and its connection to climate change issues. A final chapter is devoted to symbiosis and other relationships between microbes and larger organisms. Microbes have huge impacts not only on biogeochemical cycles, but also on the ecology and evolution of more complex forms of life, including Homo sapiens..
Author : Tiffany Raynaud
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Sélection Artificielle de Communautés Microbiennes written by Tiffany Raynaud and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In agriculture, the plants and animals that are bred come from long-term artificial selection procedures that aim at producing individuals with desirable traits. Such procedures can be applied at levels of biological organization higher than the individual such as the community level, which is of particular interest in the field of microbial community engineering. Indeed, microbial communities play key roles in agriculture but also in the environment, health and industry, and a growing body of literature shows promising results regarding the artificial selection of microbial communities for desirable functions. However, for artificial selection procedures at the community level to be efficient, there is a need for improvements of the process, which will be achieved by a better understanding of community functioning and evolution.The aim of this work was to identify the ways of improving the artificial selection of microbial communities through a better understanding of the consequences of considering communities as selection units and to shed light on the knowledge that it could bring to our understanding of community ecology and evolution.In a first experiment, we applied an artificial selection procedure on a soil microbial community and showed that the reproduction step, i.e. the way offspring communities are created from parental ones, can be a key determinant of the outcome of the artificial selection as it can influence community structure and diversity. Pooling several parental communities seemed to be suitable to increase the level of a function under selection. In a second experiment, we applied an artificial selection procedure on synthetic bacterial communities varying for their initial specific richness level. We showed that community diversity positively influenced the level of the function under selection and also affected community evolutionary dynamics. We also had evidence that it could affect the efficiency of the artificial selection, but the relationship was not linear, and we evidenced a trade-off between increasing community richness and preserving between-community dissimilarity in composition. This trade-off could limit the positive effect of an increase in richness on artificial selection efficiency. In a third experiment, we assessed whether the pairwise interspecific interactions evolved during the experimental evolution of bacterial communities. Our results indicated that the evolution of the interspecific interactions was widespread in community evolution as it was detected in 50% of the studied communities. Moreover, even in the communities in which the interactions did not evolve themselves, we showed that they influenced the evolutionary responses of the strains and communities which was both abiotic environment- and community-dependent.All together these results highlighted the close links between community ecology and evolution and gave several avenues for improving artificial selection: choosing the reproduction method according to the desired direction of change in a function, promoting community diversity, promoting the evolution of the interspecific interactions. Improving our understanding of community eco-evolutionary dynamics will open the way to an efficient artificial selection of communities and its use as a tool for microbial community engineering.
Author : Larry L. Barton
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118015835
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Microbial Ecology written by Larry L. Barton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-14 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the ecological activities of microbes in the biosphere with an emphasis on microbial interactions within their environments and communities In thirteen concise and timely chapters, Microbial Ecology presents a broad overview of this rapidly growing field, explaining the basic principles in an easy-to-follow manner. Using an integrative approach, it comprehensively covers traditional issues in ecology as well as cutting-edge content at the intersection of ecology, microbiology, environmental science and engineering, and molecular biology. Examining the microbial characteristics that enable microbes to grow in different environments, the book provides insights into relevant methodologies for characterization of microorganisms in the environment. The authors draw upon their extensive experience in teaching microbiology to address the latest hot-button topics in the field, such as: Ecology of microorganisms in natural and engineered environments Advances in molecular-based understanding of microbial phylogeny and interactions Microbially driven biogeochemical processes and interactions among microbial populations and communities Microbial activities in extreme or unusual environments Ecological studies pertaining to animal, plant, and insect microbiology Microbial processes and interactions associated with environmental pollution Designed for use in teaching, Microbial Ecology offers numerous special features to aid both students and instructors, including: Information boxes that highlight key microbial ecology issues "Microbial Spotlights" that focus on how prominent microbial ecologists became interested in microbial ecology Examples that illustrate the role of bacterial interaction with humans Exercises to promote critical thinking Selected reading lists Chapter summaries and review questions for class discussion Various microbial interactions and community structures are presented through examples and illustrations. Also included are mini case studies that address activities of microorganisms in specific environments, as well as a glossary and key words. All these features make this an ideal textbook for graduate or upper-level undergraduate students in biology, microbiology, ecology, or environmental science. It also serves as a highly useful reference for scientists and environmental professionals.
Author : S. Andrew Inkpen
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226820343
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)
Download or read book Can Microbial Communities Regenerate? written by S. Andrew Inkpen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-07-20 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "You take antibiotics to fight an infection. Unfortunately, the treatment also kills the community of bacteria in your gut microbiome; you now have digestion issues. You might start eating yogurt to reintroduce good bacteria. Or, if the bacterial community is more significantly disordered, you might need a "fecal microbiota transplant" - a doctor transfers stool from a healthy donor into your gut. The new bacteria community thrives, and you can again digest your food. If all the same types of bacteria are present in this new community, has your microbiome "regenerated"? What if the bacteria are completely different, but they perform the same function? How do the answers to these questions change if we look at the cells in a regrown salamander limb or the flora in a replanted forest? In this second book in the Regeneration Series, a philosopher of science and molecular biologist, S. Andrew Inkpen and W. Ford Dolittle, investigate these questions and their consequences. As the examples above show, asking about whether microbial communities can regenerate, what that might mean, and why it matters is not just an academic question. Offering provocations and an understanding that go beyond the descriptive work that has been published to date, this book offers an accessible conceptual and theoretical understanding of regeneration and evolution in microbial communities that will be useful across disciplines including in philosophy of biology, conservation biology, microbiomics, evolutionary biology, and community ecology"--
Author : Sadik Dincer
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789858992
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Bacterial Biofilms written by Sadik Dincer and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines biofilms in nature. Organized into four parts, this book addresses biofilms in wastewater treatment, inhibition of biofilm formation, biofilms and infection, and ecology of biofilms. It is designed for clinicians, researchers, and industry professionals in the fields of microbiology, biotechnology, ecology, and medicine as well as graduate and postgraduate students.
Author : Jay Shankar Singh
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128204273
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Microbial Services in Restoration Ecology written by Jay Shankar Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-21 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Services in Restoration Ecology describes the role of microbial resources and their beneficial services in soil fertility and restoration of degraded ecosystems. The role of microbial interactions with crop plants which benefit agricultural productivity is also discussed. The book also includes significant advances in microbial based bio-pesticide production and strategies for high-density bio-inoculant cultivation to improve stress survivability of crop plants. This work provides next-generation molecular technologies for exploring complex microbial secondary metabolites and metabolic regulation in viability of plant–microbe interactions. Describes the role of microbial resources and their beneficial services in soil fertility and restoration of degraded ecosystems Discusses the role of microbial interactions with crop plants and how it benefits of agricultural productivity Includes significant advances in microbial based bio-pesticide production and strategies for high-density bio-inoculant cultivation to improve stress survivability of crop plants provides next-generation molecular technologies for exploring complex microbial secondary metabolites and metabolic regulation in viability of plant–microbe interactions
