Earths Biosphere

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Harvesting the Biosphere

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026201856X
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Harvesting the Biosphere by : Vaclav Smil

Download or read book Harvesting the Biosphere written by Vaclav Smil and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistoric hunting to modern energy production. The biosphere—the Earth's thin layer of life—dates from nearly four billion years ago, when the first simple organisms appeared. Many species have exerted enormous influence on the biosphere's character and productivity, but none has transformed the Earth in so many ways and on such a scale as Homo sapiens. In Harvesting the Biosphere, Vaclav Smil offers an interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistory to the present day. Smil examines all harvests—from prehistoric man's hunting of megafauna to modern crop production—and all uses of harvested biomass, including energy, food, and raw materials. Without harvesting of the biomass, Smil points out, there would be no story of human evolution and advancing civilization; but at the same time, the increasing extent and intensity of present-day biomass harvests are changing the very foundations of civilization's well-being. In his detailed and comprehensive account, Smil presents the best possible quantifications of past and current global losses in order to assess the evolution and extent of biomass harvests. Drawing on the latest work in disciplines ranging from anthropology to environmental science, Smil offers a valuable long-term, planet-wide perspective on human-caused environmental change.

Earth’s Biosphere

Author : Charles Hofer
Publisher : The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
ISBN 13 : 1538329832
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (383 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth’s Biosphere by : Charles Hofer

Download or read book Earth’s Biosphere written by Charles Hofer and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2018-07-15 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biosphere refers to the parts of Earth where life exists or where known life has existed in the past. The biosphere is comprised of the atmosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere because life exists in each of those three spheres, from birds in the sky to fish in the water to worms in the dirt. Food chains represent interconnected life cycles in the biosphere. Energy is transferred from one organism to the next and, as apex predators die, nutrients are returned to the soil. Readers will learn how people affect the biosphere and how life and energy are maintained in the biosphere.

The Earth's Biosphere

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262692984
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (929 download)

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Book Synopsis The Earth's Biosphere by : Vaclav Smil

Download or read book The Earth's Biosphere written by Vaclav Smil and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-08-11 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of Earth's biosphere, written with scientific rigor and essay-like flair. In his latest book, Vaclav Smil tells the story of the Earth's biosphere from its origins to its near and long-term future. He explains the workings of its parts and what is known about their interactions. With essay-like flair, he examines the biosphere's physics, chemistry, biology, geology, oceanography, energy, climatology, and ecology, as well as the changes caused by human activity. He provides both the basics of the story and surprising asides illustrating critical but often neglected aspects of biospheric complexity. Smil begins with a history of the modern idea of the biosphere, focusing on the development of the concept by Russian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky. He explores the probability of life elsewhere in the universe, life's evolution and metabolism, and the biosphere's extent, mass, productivity, and grand-scale organization. Smil offers fresh approaches to such well-known phenomena as solar radiation and plate tectonics and introduces lesser-known topics such as the quarter-power scaling of animal and plant metabolism across body sizes and metabolic pathways. He also examines two sets of fundamental relationships that have profoundly influenced the evolution of life and the persistence of the biosphere: symbiosis and the role of life's complexity as a determinant of biomass productivity and resilience. And he voices concern about the future course of human-caused global environmental change, which could compromise the biosphere's integrity and threaten the survival of modern civilization.

The Biosphere

Author : Gregory Vogt
Publisher : Twenty-First Century Books
ISBN 13 : 0761328408
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biosphere by : Gregory Vogt

Download or read book The Biosphere written by Gregory Vogt and published by Twenty-First Century Books. This book was released on 2006-12-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the attributes of the biosphere, the animal and plant life that live in the biosphere, and how fragile and dynamic it is.

Earth's Earliest Biosphere

Author : J. William Schopf
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780691023755
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth's Earliest Biosphere by : J. William Schopf

Download or read book Earth's Earliest Biosphere written by J. William Schopf and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Description for this book, Earth's Earliest Biosphere: Its Origin and Evolution, will be forthcoming.

The Biosphere

Author : Vladimir I. Vernadsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461217504
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biosphere by : Vladimir I. Vernadsky

Download or read book The Biosphere written by Vladimir I. Vernadsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Vladimir Vernadsky was a brilliant and prescient scholar-a true scientific visionary who saw the deep connections between life on Earth and the rest of the planet and understood the profound implications for life as a cosmic phenomenon." -DAVID H. GRINSPOON, AUTHOR OF VENUS REVEALED "The Biosphere should be required reading for all entry level students in earth and planetary sciences." -ERIC D. SCHNEIDER, AUTHOR OF INTO THE COOL: THE NEW THERMODYNAMICS OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION

Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere

Author : Heinrich Walter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468404687
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere by : Heinrich Walter

Download or read book Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere The biosphere is that thin layer at the earth's surface in which living organisms exist and biological cycling takes place. It includes the upper horizons of the soil in which plants root, the atmosphere near the ground, (insofar as organisms penetrate this space), and all the surface waters. More than 99% of the earth's biomass is phytomass, to which we shall limit our discussion. Amounts of phytomass are distinctly related to vegeta tional zones. Because accurate determination of phytomass and primary production is difficult, only gross estimates have been available until recently. However, in 1970, Bazilevich et al. published (in Russian) more accurate calculations, based on the rapidly accumulating literature, for the various thermal zones and bioclimatic regions of the earth. These authors calculated mean phyto mass and mean annual primary production for the various regions as dry mass (in tons) per hectare. On the basis of measurements of the areas covered by the individual regions, excluding rivers, lakes, glaciers, and permanent snow, total phytomass and total annual primary production for the various regions were obtained (see table). The sum of these figures is the phytomass and annual production of the land surface of the earth. In addition, the table gives corresponding data for the waters of the earth. The values involved are potential i. e. , they are based on natural vegetation uninfluenced by man.

Half-Earth: Our Planet's Fight for Life

Author : Edward O. Wilson
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 1631490834
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis Half-Earth: Our Planet's Fight for Life by : Edward O. Wilson

Download or read book Half-Earth: Our Planet's Fight for Life written by Edward O. Wilson and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An audacious and concrete proposal…Half-Earth completes the 86-year-old Wilson’s valedictory trilogy on the human animal and our place on the planet." —Jedediah Purdy, New Republic In his most urgent book to date, Pulitzer Prize–winning author and world-renowned biologist Edward O. Wilson states that in order to stave off the mass extinction of species, including our own, we must move swiftly to preserve the biodiversity of our planet. In this "visionary blueprint for saving the planet" (Stephen Greenblatt), Half-Earth argues that the situation facing us is too large to be solved piecemeal and proposes a solution commensurate with the magnitude of the problem: dedicate fully half the surface of the Earth to nature. Identifying actual regions of the planet that can still be reclaimed—such as the California redwood forest, the Amazon River basin, and grasslands of the Serengeti, among others—Wilson puts aside the prevailing pessimism of our times and "speaks with a humane eloquence which calls to us all" (Oliver Sacks).

The Deep Hot Biosphere

Author : Thomas Gold
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461214009
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis The Deep Hot Biosphere by : Thomas Gold

Download or read book The Deep Hot Biosphere written by Thomas Gold and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets forth a set of truly controversial and astonishing theories: First, it proposes that below the surface of the earth is a biosphere of greater mass and volume than the biosphere the total sum of living things on our planet's continents and in its oceans. Second, it proposes that the inhabitants of this subterranean biosphere are not plants or animals as we know them, but heat-loving bacteria that survive on a diet consisting solely of hydrocarbons that is, natural gas and petroleum. And third and perhaps most heretically, the book advances the stunning idea that most hydrocarbons on Earth are not the byproduct of biological debris ("fossil fuels"), but were a common constituent of the materials from which the earth itself was formed some 4.5 billion years ago. The implications are astounding. The theory proposes answers to often-asked questions: Is the deep hot biosphere where life originated, and do Mars and other seemingly barren planets contain deep biospheres? Even more provocatively, is it possible that there is an enormous store of hydrocarbons upwelling from deep within the earth that can provide us with abundant supplies of gas and petroleum? However far-fetched these ideas seem, they are supported by a growing body of evidence, and by the indisputable stature and seriousness Gold brings to any scientific debate. In this book we see a brilliant and boldly original thinker, increasingly a rarity in modern science, as he develops potentially revolutionary ideas about how our world works.

The Quest for a Universal Theory of Life

Author : Carol E. Cleland
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 052187324X
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Quest for a Universal Theory of Life by : Carol E. Cleland

Download or read book The Quest for a Universal Theory of Life written by Carol E. Cleland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-12 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores fundamental philosophical and scientific questions about the nature of life, particularly in relation to the search for extraterrestrial life.

Carbon in the Geobiosphere

Author : Fred T. Mackenzie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402042388
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon in the Geobiosphere by : Fred T. Mackenzie

Download or read book Carbon in the Geobiosphere written by Fred T. Mackenzie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-29 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the fundamentals of the biogeochemical behavior of carbon near the Earth’s surface. It is mainly a reference text for Earth and environmental scientists. It presents an overview of the origins and behavior of the carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide, and the human effects on them. The book can also be used for a one-semester course at an intermediate to advanced level addressing the behavior of the carbon and related cycles.

Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions

Author : Lawrence B Flanagan
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080525288
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions by : Lawrence B Flanagan

Download or read book Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions written by Lawrence B Flanagan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-15 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emerging multidisciplinary field of earth system science sets out to improve our understanding functioning ecosystems, at a global level across the entire planet. Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions looks to one of its most powerful tools — the application of stable isotope analyses — to understanding biosphere-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases, and synthesizes much of the recent progress in this work. Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions describes recent progress in understanding the mechanisms, processes and applications of new techniques. It makes a significant contribution to the emerging, multidisciplinary study of the Earth as an interacting system. This book will be an important reference for students and researchers in biology, ecology, biogeochemistry, meteorology, and atmospheric science and will be invaluable for anyone with any interest in the future of the planet. - Describes applications of new stable isotope techniques to the emerging fields of earth system science and global change - Illustrates advances in scaling of physiological processes from leaf/soil to the global scale - Contains state-of-the-art, critical reviews written by international researchers and experts

Global Change and the Earth System

Author : Will Steffen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540266070
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Change and the Earth System by : Will Steffen

Download or read book Global Change and the Earth System written by Will Steffen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-29 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Change and the Earth System describes what is known about the Earth system and the impact of changes caused by humans. It considers the consequences of these changes with respect to the stability of the Earth system and the well-being of humankind; as well as exploring future paths towards Earth-system science in support of global sustainability. The results presented here are based on 10 years of research on global change by many of the world's most eminent scholars. This valuable volume achieves a new level of integration and interdisciplinarity in treating global change.

Earth System Analysis for Sustainability

Author : Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262195133
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth System Analysis for Sustainability by : Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber

Download or read book Earth System Analysis for Sustainability written by Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the complete story of the inseparably intertwined evolution of life and matter on earth, focussing on four major topics. It analyzes the driving forces behind global change and uses this knowledge to propose principles for global stewardship.

Biospheres from Earth to Space

Author : Dorion Sagan
Publisher : Enslow Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9780894901881
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Biospheres from Earth to Space by : Dorion Sagan

Download or read book Biospheres from Earth to Space written by Dorion Sagan and published by Enslow Publishers. This book was released on 1989 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the earth biosphere as a closed ecological system and tells how humans are developing small-scale biospheres to allow them to live in space.

The Four Spheres of Earth

Author : Paul Larson
Publisher : Teacher Created Materials
ISBN 13 : 1480751235
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis The Four Spheres of Earth by : Paul Larson

Download or read book The Four Spheres of Earth written by Paul Larson and published by Teacher Created Materials. This book was released on 2015-09-20 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This nonfiction science reader will help fifth grade students gain science content knowledge while building their reading comprehension and literacy skills. This purposefully leveled text features hands-on, challenging science experiments and full-color images. Students will learn all about the four spheres of Earth through this engaging text that supports STEM education and is aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards. Important text features like a glossary and index will improve students close reading skills.

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System

Author : Kent C. Condie
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123852285
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth as an Evolving Planetary System by : Kent C. Condie

Download or read book Earth as an Evolving Planetary System written by Kent C. Condie and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Second Edition, explores key topics and questions relating to the evolution of the Earth's crust and mantle over the last four billion years. This updated edition features exciting new information on Earth and planetary evolution and examines how all subsystems in our planet—crust, mantle, core, atmosphere, oceans and life—have worked together and changed over time. It synthesizes data from the fields of oceanography, geophysics, planetology, and geochemistry to address Earth's evolution. This volume consists of 10 chapters, including two new ones that deal with the Supercontinent Cycle and on Great Events in Earth history. There are also new and updated sections on Earth's thermal history, planetary volcanism, planetary crusts, the onset of plate tectonics, changing composition of the oceans and atmosphere, and paleoclimatic regimes. In addition, the book now includes new tomographic data tracking plume tails into the deep mantle. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, with a basic knowledge of geology, biology, chemistry, and physics. It also may serve as a reference tool for structural geologists and professionals in related disciplines who want to look at the Earth in a broader perspective. - Kent Condie's corresponding interactive CD, Plate Tectonics and How the Earth Works, can be purchased from Tasa Graphic Arts here: http://www.tasagraphicarts.com/progptearth.html - Two new chapters on the Supercontinent Cycle and on Great Events in Earth history - New and updated sections on Earth's thermal history, planetary volcanism, planetary crusts, the onset of plate tectonics, changing composition of the oceans and atmosphere, and paleoclimatic regimes - Also new in this Second Edition: the lower mantle and the role of the post-perovskite transition, the role of water in the mantle, new tomographic data tracking plume tails into the deep mantle, Euxinia in Proterozoic oceans, The Hadean, A crustal age gap at 2.4-2.2 Ga, and continental growth