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Earning Disparities Between Immigrants And Native Born Canadians
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Book Synopsis Earning Disparities Between Immigrants and Native-born Canadians by : Peter S. Li
Download or read book Earning Disparities Between Immigrants and Native-born Canadians written by Peter S. Li and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic contribution of immigrants is often measured by their earnings in that the closer they are to the earnings of native-born Canadians and the more quickly immigrants can bridge the income gap, the more immigrants are assumed to be endowed with human capital. Using microdata of the 1996 census, this paper compares immigrant groups with native-born Canadians of the same gender and racial origin at four levels of census metropolitan area defined by population size. The findings indicate that immigrants of the same gender and racial origin earned either the same or more than their native-born counterparts. However, when variations in human capital, experience, and other individual differences in work-related characteristics and immigrant experience are taken into account, along with differences in urban scale, immigrant population size and unemployment rate, all immigrant groups earned less than their native-born counterparts. The magnitude of net earning disparities between immigrants and native-born Canadians varies, depending on gender, racial origin and less so on CMA level. The study suggests that many factors, including unequal opportunities, affect the earnings of immigrants, and that the assumption of immigrants' inferior human capital content inferred from earning disparities is tenuous at best.
Book Synopsis Native-born-immigrant Wage Gap Revisited by : Yigit Aydede
Download or read book Native-born-immigrant Wage Gap Revisited written by Yigit Aydede and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most studies investigating the poor earnings performance of immigrants implicitly assume that human capital endowments determine actual earnings, and that immigrant-nativeborn wage gaps can be analyzed in terms of those earnings. In this study we claim that this assumption is not validated by evidence and that wage gaps should be analyzed by examining earning potentials rather than actual wages that are also influenced by market imperfections. We apply a two-tier stochastic wage frontier, which allows us to separate potential wage earnings from actual wage earnings and to identify how much of the observed wage gap between immigrant and native-born workers in Canada is attributable to departures from their potential wage earnings due to imperfect information on the demand and supply side of labour markets. Using the 2006 population census data, our results suggest that, although the ethnic background plays an important role in determining the observed wage, a significant part of the wage gap between immigrants and native-born workers is not driven by worker and employer imperfect information, but by differences in human capital endowments.
Download or read book Burgess, William written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: May contain: Resumes, newspaper articles, magazine articles, invitations to exhibition openings, gallery hand-outs, check-lists of exhibitions, advertisements, obituaries, 35 mm. slides of the artist's work.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Literacy on Immigrant Earnings by : Ana Ferrer
Download or read book The Effect of Literacy on Immigrant Earnings written by Ana Ferrer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a special Canadian dataset containing both literacy test scores and standard labour market variables to examine the impact of literacy on immigrant earnings. Having a literacy measure allows us to examine issues related to discrimination and the sources of lower returns to foreign acquired education and experience among immigrants. We find that the native-born literacy distribution (assessed in English or French) dominates that for immigrants. However, immigrantsand the native born appear to obtain the same return to their literacy skills. We argue that this does not support a discrimination explanation for immigrant-native born earnings differentials. Immigrant shortfalls in literacy can account for about one-half of the earnings gap between university educated immigrants and similarly educated native-born workers. However, low returns to foreign acquired experience have a larger impact on the differential and those low returns are not related to literacy differences. Thus, low literacy among immigrants is an important input to understanding immigrant-native born earnings differentials but is not the dominant explanation.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Economic Integration of Immigrants by : David Walters
Download or read book Understanding the Economic Integration of Immigrants written by David Walters and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Earnings of Immigrants by : Arnold DeSilva
Download or read book Earnings of Immigrants written by Arnold DeSilva and published by Economic. This book was released on 1992 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the period 1946-1989.
Book Synopsis L'adieu plaintif de Monseigneur le Mareschal de Marillac, à Monseigneur son frère by :
Download or read book L'adieu plaintif de Monseigneur le Mareschal de Marillac, à Monseigneur son frère written by and published by . This book was released on 1632 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Immigrants and Possible Causes by : W. G. Picot
Download or read book The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Immigrants and Possible Causes written by W. G. Picot and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of both rising low- income rates among immigrants, and their increasing share of the population, in Canada's major cities virtually all of the increase in the city low-income rates during the 1990s was concentrated among the immigrant population. [...] The change in the characteristics of immigrants (e.g., from different source regions, rising levels of educational attainment, etc.) appears to have accounted for about one-third of the increase in the earnings gap at entry (i.e., the gap between immigrants and comparable Canadian- born). [...] The earnings of the immigrants in each cohort are computed (as a proportion of the earnings of the Canadian-born) for the cohort after one to five years in Canada, six to ten years in Canada, and so on. [...] Among men, the cohort of the late 1970s earned 90% of that of the Canadian-born at entry3 and among the early 1990s cohort, this number had fallen to 67%. [...] This is typically done within a regression format that computes the log of the ratio of the earnings of immigrants to those of the Canadian-born.
Book Synopsis Foreign-Born Vs Native-Born Canadians by : Zhengxi Lin
Download or read book Foreign-Born Vs Native-Born Canadians written by Zhengxi Lin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the inter-provincial labor mobility behavior of immigrants relative to that of native-born Canadians. Foreign-born Canadians differ a great deal from their domestically-born counterparts. The foreign-born population is geographically concentrated in a few provinces and a few big cities. As a whole, they are older, better educated, more likely to be married, and more likely to have dependent children and bigger households. They are less active in participating in full-time education and training. They fare relatively better in the labor market. As a result, a higher proportion of them receive social security benefits that are directly tied to the presence of dependent children or age such as family allowance benefits and pension income, but a lower proportion receive benefits that are related to labor market performance such as employment insurance benefits and social assistance benefits. As a whole, immigrants are relatively less mobile inter-provincially. This is true both nationally and across almost every province. Among those who move to other provinces, destinations for foreign-born migrants are highly geographically concentrated. Most of them make their new homes in Alberta, Ontario and British Columbia. A significantly lower proportion of them relocate to other provinces for economic considerations, but a much higher proportion move to go to school or after retirement. Earnings return to their inter-provincial migration is significantly more substantial. This is the result of both wage increase and more hours of work after migration. Multi-variate regression results show that there are no statistically significant structural differences in the determinants of inter-provincial migration decisions between comparable foreign- and native-born Canadians. The probability of moving to other provinces, for immigrants as well as for domestically-born Canadians, is higher if earnings potentials elsewhere are relatively higher, lower if it is relatively harder to find employment elsewhere, higher among better educated workers, lower among French-speaking Canadians, lower among union members, and decreases with age, family size and job tenure. None of the proxies for government's labor market interventions significantly affect the decision to move inter-provincially. The lower mobility rates among the foreign-born are fully attributable to distributional and compositional differences between the immigrant and non-immigrant populations. These findings have a direct policy implication on immigration selection. To encourage population and labor force growth in economically less prosperous provinces, one might consider amending the current immigration selection and approval system, considering intended destinations as an additional factor and awarding additional points to applicants who choose designated provinces to settle upon arrival.
Book Synopsis Patterns of Canadian Immigrants' Employment Earnings by : Andrew Benson (Writer on immigration)
Download or read book Patterns of Canadian Immigrants' Employment Earnings written by Andrew Benson (Writer on immigration) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Income Inequality Between Visible Minorities and Whites by : Jennifer Sigouin
Download or read book Income Inequality Between Visible Minorities and Whites written by Jennifer Sigouin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Objectives. Studies that have examined wage differentials between visible minorities and whites living in Canada found that, even though most immigrants since the 1990s have had similar levels of educational attainment (even greater) relative to native-born Canadians, most have a lower income compared to the latter group, especially visible minority immigrants. Few of those studies, however, have examined income inequality experienced specifically by visible minorities, concentrating instead on immigrants overall. This constitutes an important gap in the literature given that visible minorities, both native-born and immigrants, are more likely to experience a wage gap with respect to native-born whites than white immigrants. In addition, only a small number of studies have taken a detailed look at income inequality experienced by visible minorities living in Quebec, compared to visible minorities living in the rest of Canada. This is an important limitation given that Quebec is one of the Canadian provinces where much of the conflict regarding the integration of individuals who might appear as different from the majority is occurring. Thus, this dissertation aims at addressing those lacunas by studying wage differentials between visible minority members and whites, comparing Quebec to the other Canadian provinces.Method. This dissertation uses the 2006 Census and 2011 National Household Survey and employ the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition model in order to separate the wage gap into two parts: a part that can be explained by sociodemographic and human capital characteristics, and a part that cannot be explained by such observable characteristics and, thus, more likely due to discriminatory practices. Results. The first analysis demonstrates that there are significant wage differences between visible minority groups and white individuals in Quebec, but that these wage gaps are mostly explained by individual characteristics. However, unexplained portions of these wage gaps remain, potentially indicating the presence of discrimination. Moreover, the rest of the analyses show strong evidence that some minority groups who live in Quebec might be more financially disadvantaged than visible minorities living in the rest of Canada. However, the reason why Quebec has the largest wage gaps seem in large part because of the disadvantageous socio-demographic and human capital characteristics that visible minorities living in Quebec have. Conclusion. Findings reveal that most of these large gaps are explained by the fact that visible minorities who live in Quebec have characteristics that disadvantage them in the labor market. This might be related to Quebec's immigration policies that differ slightly from the rest of Canada. Thus, social policies should concentrate even more on language training courses as well as other integration initiatives. However, findings also reveal the presence of discrimination in the province of Quebec when it comes to wage differentials, especially when it comes to the language and the nativity and duration status of visible minorities, which should be acknowledged as well. " --
Book Synopsis Relational Inequalities by : Donald Tomaskovic-Devey
Download or read book Relational Inequalities written by Donald Tomaskovic-Devey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizations are the dominant social invention for generating resources and distributing them. Relational Inequalities develops a general sociological and organizational analysis of inequality, exploring the processes that generate inequalities in access to respect, resources, and rewards. Framing their analysis through a relational account of social and economic life, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey and Dustin Avent-Holt explain how resources are generated and distributed both within and between organizations. They show that inequalities are produced through generic processes that occur in all social relationships: categorization and their resulting status hierarchies, organizational resource pooling, exploitation, social closure, and claims-making. Drawing on a wide range of case studies, Tomaskovic-Devey and Avent-Holt focus on the workplace as the primary organization for generating inequality and provide a series of global goals to advance both a comparative organizational research model and to challenge troubling inequalities.
Book Synopsis The Double-negative Effect on the Earnings of Foreign-born Females in Canada by : Abul F.M. Shamsuddin
Download or read book The Double-negative Effect on the Earnings of Foreign-born Females in Canada written by Abul F.M. Shamsuddin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Will They Ever Converge? [electronic Resource] : Earnings of Immigrant and Canadian-born Workers Over the Last Two Decades by : Frenette, Marc
Download or read book Will They Ever Converge? [electronic Resource] : Earnings of Immigrant and Canadian-born Workers Over the Last Two Decades written by Frenette, Marc and published by Statistics Canada. This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Double-negative Effect on the Earnings of Foreign-born Females in Canada by : Abul F. M. Shamsuddin
Download or read book The Double-negative Effect on the Earnings of Foreign-born Females in Canada written by Abul F. M. Shamsuddin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the potential 'double-negative effect' on the earnings of foreign-born married women in Canada. The double-negative effect is measured as the sum of the effects of gender and birthplace on earnings. This study observes that the difference in productivity-related characteristics explains a small proportion of the difference in earnings between a typical native-born male and a typical foreign-born female. Discrimination by gender, rather than by birthplace, is the main source of the earnings gap. About 63 to 70 percent of the difference in mean log earnings is attributed to gender discrimination, while the impact of birthplace is less than 15 percent. This paper argues that in the presence of the 'double-negative effect' on the earnings of female immigrants, the observed differences in earnings between the native-born male and the foreign-born female cannot be used as an argument against 'family class' immigration in Canada.
Book Synopsis Employer Policies and the Immigrant-native Earnings Gap by : Benoît Dostie
Download or read book Employer Policies and the Immigrant-native Earnings Gap written by Benoît Dostie and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use longitudinal data from the income tax system to study the impacts of firms' employment and wage-setting policies on the level and change in immigrant-native wage differences in Canada. We focus on immigrants who arrived in the early 2000s, distinguishing between those with and without a college degree from two broad groups of countries - the U.S., the U.K. and Northern Europe, and the rest of the world. Consistent with a growing literature based on the two-way fixed effects model of Abowd, Kramarz, and Margolis (1999), we find that firm-specific wage premiums explain a significant share of earnings inequality in Canada and contribute to the average earnings gap between immigrants and natives. In the decade after receiving permanent status, earnings of immigrants rise relative to those of natives. Compositional effects due to selective outmigration and changing participation play no role in this gain. About one-sixth is attributable to movements up the job ladder to employers that offer higher pay premiums for all groups, with particularly large gains for immigrants from the "rest of the world” countries.
Book Synopsis Are the Gaps in Labour Market Outcomes Between Immigrants and Their Canadian-born Counterparts Starting to Close? by : Eden Crossman
Download or read book Are the Gaps in Labour Market Outcomes Between Immigrants and Their Canadian-born Counterparts Starting to Close? written by Eden Crossman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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