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Early British Railway Tunnels
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Book Synopsis The Early History of Railway Tunnels by : Hubert Pragnell
Download or read book The Early History of Railway Tunnels written by Hubert Pragnell and published by Pen and Sword Transport. This book was released on 2024-08-30 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To the early railway traveller, the prospect of travelling to places in hours rather than days hitherto was an inviting prospect, however a journey was not without its fears as well as excitement. To some, the prospect of travelling through a tunnel without carriage lighting, with smoke permeating the compartment and the confined noise was a horror of the new age. What might happen if we broke down or crashed into another train in the darkness? To others it was exciting, with the light from the footplate flickering against the tunnel walls or spotting the occasional glimpses of light from a ventilation shaft. To the directors of early railway companies, planning a route was governed by expense and the most direct way. Avoiding hills could add miles but tunnelling through them could involve vast expense as the Great Western Railway found at Box and the London and Birmingham at Kilsby. Creating a cutting as an alternative was also costly not only in labour and time, but also in compensation for landowners, who opposed railways on visual and social grounds having seen their land divided by canals. Construction involved millions of bricks or blocks of stone for sufficiently thick walls to withstand collapse. However, the entrance barely seen from the carriage window might be an impressive Italianate arch as at Primrose Hill, or a castellated portal worthy of the Middle Ages as at Bramhope. This book sets out to tell the story of tunnelling in Britain up to about 1870, when it was a question of burrowing through earth and rock with spade and explosive powder, with the constant danger of collapse or flooding leading to injury and death. It uses contemporary accounts, from the dangers of railway travel by Dickens to the excitement of being drawn through the Liverpool Wapping Tunnel by the young composer Mendelssoln. It includes descriptions from early railway company guide books, newspapers and diaries. It also includes numerous photographs and colored architectural elevations from railway archives.
Book Synopsis The Official History of Britain and the Channel Tunnel by : Terry Gourvish
Download or read book The Official History of Britain and the Channel Tunnel written by Terry Gourvish and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commissioned by the Cabinet Office and using hitherto untapped British Government records, this book presents an in-depth analysis of the successful project of 1986-94. This is a vivid portrayal of the complexities of quadripartite decision-making (two countries, plus the public and private sectors), revealing new insights into the role of the British and French Governments in the process. This important book, written by Britain’s leading transport historian, will be essential reading for all those interested in PPPs, British and European economic history and international relations. The building of the Channel Tunnel has been one of Europe’s major projects and a testimony to British-French and public-private sector collaboration. However, Eurotunnel’s current financial crisis provides a sobering backcloth for an examination of the British Government’s long-term flirtation with the project, and, in particular, the earlier Tunnel project in the 1960s and early 1970s, which was abandoned by the British Government in 1975.
Book Synopsis HARECASTLE'S CANAL AND RAILWAY TUNNELS. by : ALLAN C. BAKER
Download or read book HARECASTLE'S CANAL AND RAILWAY TUNNELS. written by ALLAN C. BAKER and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hidden London written by David Bownes and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Travel under the streets of London with this lavishly illustrated exploration of abandoned, modified, and reused Underground tunnels, stations, and architecture.
Book Synopsis Struggle and Suffrage in Watford by : Eugenia Russell
Download or read book Struggle and Suffrage in Watford written by Eugenia Russell and published by Pen and Sword History. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the many changes in women’s lives in an English town over the course of a century. This book shines a light on women’s lives in and around the English town of Watford, in the home and at work, in traditional rural employment or in dressmaking, textiles, and the silk industry. The lives of local women are put into the context of the national movement to address inequality and injustice, highlighting the often difficult existences of those employed in domestic service; the impact of poor housing and terrible poverty on women; efforts to redress the situation; and changes in social hierarchy. Individual stories show that there were opportunities for women to take control of their lives, some excelling as entrepreneurs—owning shops, pubs, and other businesses. During this time of immense social change, pioneering women within the community set the example for others to follow, whether as political activists and suffragettes connecting with the feminist issues of their times or as prominent members of the community dedicating their lives to the needs of others. The region was notable for fostering the talents of numerous prominent artists, Lucy Kemp-Welch, the illustrator of Black Beauty and creator of many recognizable war propaganda posters being the most famous, and women in the sciences, such as Harriette Chick, who worked in the Lister Institute in Elstree. Also addressed in this book are the growth of education for girls, and how contributions during times of crisis—from nursing to wartime factory work—led to the reappraisal of the role of women in postwar Britain.
Book Synopsis Transport in Britain by : Philip Bagwell
Download or read book Transport in Britain written by Philip Bagwell and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2006-10-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlighting long term themes in Britain's transport history, this book looks at the dilemmas facing modern society and suggests several possible solutions. It covers all the major forms of transport, from the horse to the aeroplane, setting them in their historical context.
Book Synopsis British Railway Stinks by : David Smith
Download or read book British Railway Stinks written by David Smith and published by Mortons Books. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first railway chemical laboratory was opened in 1864 by the London & North Western Railway at Crewe, and the last ones lost their direct link to the rail industry on their privatisation in 1996. Whatever their expertise, every railway chemist or 'stink' has been asked the same question: "What do you actually do"? That is precisely the question this book attempts to answer. It covers many aspects of the work, from a BR chemist going to San Francisco to blow up a water melon to declaring an empty coal wagon a confined space; from whitewashing a passenger train, in service, in a couple of seconds to questioning, on chemical grounds, the mental state of the chairman of British Rail; from gassing weevils to setting fire to a canal in Derby. British Railway Stinks tells the unusual, astonishing and sometimes downright hilarious story of the railway 'nuts' who decided what exactly the 'wrong kind of leaves' were.
Book Synopsis British Railway Tunnels by : Alan Blower
Download or read book British Railway Tunnels written by Alan Blower and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Great Western Railway Volume Six South Wales Main Line by : Stanley C. Jenkins
Download or read book The Great Western Railway Volume Six South Wales Main Line written by Stanley C. Jenkins and published by Amberley Publishing Limited. This book was released on 2016-06-15 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating selection of photographs traces some of the many ways in which the GWR South Wales Main Line has changed and developed over the last century.
Book Synopsis Command and Persuade by : Peter Baldwin
Download or read book Command and Persuade written by Peter Baldwin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-05-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why, when we have been largely socialized into good behavior, are there more laws that govern our behavior than ever before? Levels of violent crime have been in a steady decline for centuries--for millennia, even. Over the past five hundred years, homicide rates have decreased a hundred-fold. We live in a time that is more orderly and peaceful than ever before in human history. Why, then, does fear of crime dominate modern politics? Why, when we have been largely socialized into good behavior, are there more laws that govern our behavior than ever before? In Command and Persuade, Peter Baldwin examines the evolution of the state's role in crime and punishment over three thousand years. Baldwin explains that the involvement of the state in law enforcement and crime prevention is relatively recent. In ancient Greece, those struck by lightning were assumed to have been punished by Zeus. In the Hebrew Bible, God was judge, jury, and prosecutor when Cain killed Abel. As the state’s power as lawgiver grew, more laws governed behavior than ever before; the sum total of prohibited behavior has grown continuously. At the same time, as family, community, and church exerted their influences, we have become better behaved and more law-abiding. Even as the state stands as the socializer of last resort, it also defines through law the terrain on which we are schooled into acceptable behavior.
Download or read book Train written by DK and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2023-03-21 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visit a train station and create a colorful fold-out scene with all your favorite trains. DK Picture Stickers in favorite themes offer great value and hours of sticker fun in a terrific accordion-page format. Kids can create an exciting scene on one of the poster-size spreads, and then pull it out to hang in a bedroom or playroom. Fun facts accompany each reusable sticker.
Book Synopsis An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology by : Ian McNeil
Download or read book An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology written by Ian McNeil and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-06-01 with total page 1121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * 22 sections cover the entire field of the history of technology and each section summarises the development of its subject from the earliest times to the present day * Written without unnecessary jargon * 2 extensive indexes of Names and Topics * Usefully illustrated with 150 black & white photographs and line drawings to explain key advances `Contain[s] a vast amount of reliable information over a very wide field. It is certainly a work of which I shall myself make frequent use ... it deserves to find a place ... in every reference library.' - Times Higher Education Supplement `The coverage is excellent ... a most valuable single-volume source which for its comprehensiveness and ease of reference will earn its place in both specialist and general reference collections.' - Reference Reviews `Informative and comprehensive, remarkable in its coverage ... covers every aspect of technology from the Stone Age to the Space Age ... will undoubtedly help readers to get a grip on and feel of an enormous range of subjects ... An invaluable and practical addition to most office bookshelves or libraries.' - New Civil Engineer `The authors represented in this book are to be congratulated for their readable and reliable surveys of the past and present status of the major areas where mankind has harnessed science for the production of useful products and processes.' - Choice
Download or read book Southern England written by R. A. Otter and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1994 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide covers from Cornwall to Kent, including Somerset and parts of Wiltshire and Surrey. It provides an informative look at some of the internationally renowned examples of historic development and engineering skills throughout southern England, including such examples as: Smeaton's Eddystone Lighthouse.
Book Synopsis Civil Engineering Heritage by : Robert William Rennison
Download or read book Civil Engineering Heritage written by Robert William Rennison and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1996 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide covers the northern counties of England, from the border with Scotland to the southern extremities of South Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, and Merseyside - as well as the Isle of Man. It describes the many examples of these regions' civil engineering heritage: the best of many types of structure; works which played a major role in development of these areas; and those which achieve some special aesthetic qualtiy.
Book Synopsis Bat Roosts in Rock by : Bat Rock Habitat Key
Download or read book Bat Roosts in Rock written by Bat Rock Habitat Key and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides descriptions of when the bat species resident in Britain and Ireland use natural and human-made rock habitats, how they use them, and the environments each species occupies therein. For the first time it brings together findings from historical scientific investigations, useful photographic accounts and open-access biological records, along with a rich seam of new data – all in a practical and user-friendly structure. The book encompasses: ~ Descriptions of the features that a climber, caver or professional ecologist might encounter on and in rock habitats where bats roost. ~ Recording criteria for both the physical and environmental attributes of different features and situations. ~ Identification of suitability thresholds against which the recorded information can be compared to assess the likelihood that a specific feature might be exploited by a particular bat species. ~ Suggestions for how to avoid mistakes and difficulties when performing a survey. The intention is that using this book will help generate standardised biological records which can feed into the fully accessible online database at www.batrockhabitatkey.co.uk. These data will be analysed to search for patterns that can increase the confidence in the suitability thresholds and help build roost features that deliver the environment each species really needs. As well as offering many new insights, this book allows the reader to participate in cutting-edge research.
Book Synopsis Military Aspects of Geology by : E. P. F. Rose
Download or read book Military Aspects of Geology written by E. P. F. Rose and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book complements the Geological Society’s Special Publication 362: Military Aspects of Hydrogeology. Generated under the auspices of the Society’s History of Geology and Engineering Groups, it contains papers from authors in the UK, USA, Germany and Austria. Substantial papers describe some innovative engineering activities, influenced by geology, undertaken by the armed forces of the opposing nations in World War I. These activities were reactivated and developed in World War II. Examples include trenching from World War I, tunnelling and quarrying from both wars, and the use of geologists to aid German coastal fortification and Allied aerial photographic interpretation in World War II. The extensive introduction and other chapters reveal that ‘military geology’ has a longer history. These chapters relate to pre-twentieth century coastal fortification in the UK and the USA; conflict in the American Civil War; long-term ‘going’ assessments for German forces; tunnel repair after wartime route denial in Hong Kong; and tunnel detection after recent insurgent improvisation in Iraq.
Book Synopsis Civil Engineering Heritage by : Roger Cragg
Download or read book Civil Engineering Heritage written by Roger Cragg and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1997-04-08 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the "Heritage" titles, this illustrated book covers Wales and the Western part of central England, from Cheshire in the north to just south of Bristol. It describes many examples of civil engineering heritage, and contains location maps and notes on access to sites, and the achievements of famous names.
