Dynamic Modeling And Renewable Integration Studies On The Us Power Grids

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Dynamic Modeling and Renewable Integration Studies on the U.S. Power Grids

Author : Gefei Kou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Renewable Integration Studies on the U.S. Power Grids by : Gefei Kou

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Renewable Integration Studies on the U.S. Power Grids written by Gefei Kou and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind and solar generation have gained a significant momentum in the last five years in the United States. According to the American Wind Energy Association, the installed wind power capacity has tripled from 25,410 MW in early 2009 to 74,472 MW as of the end of 2015. Meanwhile, solar photovoltaic (PV) is reported that its capacity has skyrocketed from 298 MW in 2009 to 7,260 MW in 2015 by the Solar Energy Industries Association. Despite the fact that wind and solar only make up 4.4% and 0.4%, respectively, of total electricity generation in 2014, the nation is right on its track to the Department of Energy (DOE)’s goal of 20% wind and 14% solar by year 2030. The future of renewable energy is aspiring. The rapid growth in renewable generation results in an urge to studying the reliability implication of renewable integration. For this purpose, two DOE projects were funded to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The first project, Grid Operational Issues and Analyses of the Eastern Interconnection (EI), is aimed at studying the dynamic stability impact of high wind penetration on the U.S. EI system in year 2030. The second project, Frequency Response Assessment and Improvement of Three Major North American Interconnections due to High Penetrations of Photovoltaic Generation, concentrates on the influence of high solar penetration on primary frequency response. This thesis documents the efforts of the above-mentioned two projects. Chapter 1 gives an introduction on power system dynamic modeling. Chapter 2 describes the process of dynamic models development. Chapter 3 discusses the adoption of synchro-phasor measurement for system-level dynamic model validation and the impact of turbine governor deadband on system dynamic response. Chapter 4 presents a stability impact study of high wind penetration on the U.S. Eastern Grid. Chapter 5 documents the modeling and simulation of the EI system under high solar penetration. Chapter 6 summaries two dynamic model reduction studies on the EI system. Conclusions, a summary of the major contribution of the Ph.D. work, and a discussion of possible future work are given in Chapter 7.

Renewable Energy Integration for Bulk Power Systems

Author : Pengwei Du
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031286391
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Integration for Bulk Power Systems by : Pengwei Du

Download or read book Renewable Energy Integration for Bulk Power Systems written by Pengwei Du and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Energy Integration for Bulk Power Systems: ERCOT and the Texas Interconnection looks at the practices and changes introduced in the Texas electric grid to facilitate renewable energy integration. It offers an informed perspective on solutions that have been successfully demonstrated, tested, and validated by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) to meet the key challenges which engineers face in integrating increased levels of renewable resources into existing electric grids while maintaining reliability. Coverage includes renewable forecasting, ancillary services, and grid and market operations. Proved methods and their particular use scenarios, including wind, solar, and other resources like batteries and demand response, are also covered. The book focuses on a real-world context that will help practicing engineers, utility providers, and researchers understand the practical considerations for developing renewable integration solutions and inspire the future development of more innovative strategies and theoretical underpinnings.

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources Into the Power Grid Through PowerFactory

Author : Morteza Zare Oskouei
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030443760
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Renewable Energy Sources Into the Power Grid Through PowerFactory by : Morteza Zare Oskouei

Download or read book Integration of Renewable Energy Sources Into the Power Grid Through PowerFactory written by Morteza Zare Oskouei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-19 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates a number of serious technical challenges related to the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory power system simulation software package. It provides a fresh perspective on analyzing power systems according to renewable energy sources and how they affect power system performance in various situations. The book examines load flow, short-circuit, RMS simulation, power quality, and system reliability in the presence of renewable energy sources, and presents readers with the tools needed for modeling, simulation, and analysis for network planning. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and students working to solve power system problems in the presence of renewable energy sources in power system operations and utilities.

Renewable Energy Integration

Author : Lawrence E. Jones
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012809768X
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Integration by : Lawrence E. Jones

Download or read book Renewable Energy Integration written by Lawrence E. Jones and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Energy Integration: Practical Management of Variability, Uncertainty, and Flexibility in Power Grids, Second Edition, offers a distilled examination of the intricacies of integrating renewables into power grids and electricity markets. It offers informed perspectives from internationally renowned experts on related challenges and solutions based on demonstrated best practices developed by operators around the world. The book's focus on practical implementation of strategies provides real-world context for the theoretical underpinnings and the development of supporting policy frameworks. The second edition considers myriad integration issues, thus ensuring that grid operators with low or high penetration of renewable generation can leverage the best practices achieved by their peers. It includes revised chapters from the first edition as well as new chapters. Lays out the key issues around the integration of renewables into power grids and markets, from the intricacies of operational and planning considerations to supporting regulatory and policy frameworks. Provides updated global case studies that highlight the challenges of renewables integration and present field-tested solutions and new Forewords from Europe, United Arab Emirates, and United States. Illustrates technologies to support the management of variability, uncertainty, and flexibility in power grids.

Using System Dynamics to Define, Study, and Implement Smart Control Strategies on the Electric Power Grid

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (967 download)

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Book Synopsis Using System Dynamics to Define, Study, and Implement Smart Control Strategies on the Electric Power Grid by :

Download or read book Using System Dynamics to Define, Study, and Implement Smart Control Strategies on the Electric Power Grid written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States electric power grid is the most complex and expansive control system in the world. Local generation control occurs at individual units based on response time and unit economics, larger regional control coordinates unit response to error conditions, and high level large-area regional control is ultimately administered by a network of humans guided by economic and resiliency related factors. Under normal operating conditions, the grid is a relatively slow moving entity that exhibits high inertia to outside stimuli, and behaves along repeatable diurnal and seasonal patterns. However, that paradigm is quickly changing because of the increasing implementation of renewable generation sources. Renewable generators by nature cannot be tightly controlled or scheduled. They appear like a negative load to the system with all of the variability associated with load on a larger scale. Also, grid-reactive loads (i.e. smart devices) can alter their consumption based on price or demand rules adding more variability to system behavior. This paper demonstrates how a systems dynamic modeling approach capable of operating over multiple time scales, can provide valuable insight into developing new "smart-grid" control strategies and devices needed to accommodate renewable generation and regulate the frequency of the grid.

Grid Integration and Dynamic Impact of Wind Energy

Author : Vijay Vittal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441993231
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Grid Integration and Dynamic Impact of Wind Energy by : Vijay Vittal

Download or read book Grid Integration and Dynamic Impact of Wind Energy written by Vijay Vittal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-23 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grid Integration and Dynamic Impact of Wind Energy details the integration of wind energy resources to the electric grid worldwide. Authors Vijay Vittal and Raja Ayyanar include detailed coverage of the power converters and control used in interfacing electric machines and power converters used in wind generators, and extensive descriptions of power systems operation and control to accommodate large penetration of wind resources. Key concepts will be illustrated through extensive power electronics and power systems simulations using software like MATLAB, Simulink and PLECS. The book addresses real world problems and solutions in the area of grid integration of wind resources, and will be a valuable resource for engineers and researchers working in renewable energy and power.

Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy into Bulk Power Systems

Author : Pengwei Du
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319555812
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy into Bulk Power Systems by : Pengwei Du

Download or read book Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy into Bulk Power Systems written by Pengwei Du and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-06 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines the challenges that increasing amounts of renewable and distributed energy represent when integrated into established electricity grid infrastructures, offering a range of potential solutions that will support engineers, grid operators, system planners, utilities, and policymakers alike in their efforts to realize the vision of moving toward greener, more secure energy portfolios. Covering all major renewable sources, from wind and solar, to waste energy and hydropower, the authors highlight case studies of successful integration scenarios to demonstrate pathways toward overcoming the complexities created by variable and distributed generation.

Modeling, Identification and Control Methods in Renewable Energy Systems

Author : Nabil Derbel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811319456
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling, Identification and Control Methods in Renewable Energy Systems by : Nabil Derbel

Download or read book Modeling, Identification and Control Methods in Renewable Energy Systems written by Nabil Derbel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-24 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the research and experiments in the fields of modeling and control systems have spent significant efforts to find rules from various complicated phenomena by principles, observations, measured data, logic derivations. The rules are normally summarized as concise and quantitative expressions or “models”. “Identification” provides mechanisms to establish the models and “control” provides mechanisms to improve system performances. This book reflects the relevant studies and applications in the area of renewable energies, with the latest research from interdisciplinary theoretical studies, computational algorithm development to exemplary applications. It discusses how modeling and control methods such as recurrent neural network, Pitch Angle Control, Fuzzy control, Sliding Mode Control and others are used in renewable systems. It covers topics as photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, maximum power point tracking, batteries for renewable energies, solar energy, thermal energy and so on. This book is edited and written by leading experts in the field and offers an ideal reference guide for researchers and engineers in the fields of electrical/electronic engineering, control system and energy.

Design of Smart Power Grid Renewable Energy Systems

Author : Ali Keyhani
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119573327
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Design of Smart Power Grid Renewable Energy Systems by : Ali Keyhani

Download or read book Design of Smart Power Grid Renewable Energy Systems written by Ali Keyhani and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Updated Third Edition Provides a Systems Approach to Sustainable Green Energy Production and Contains Analytical Tools for the Design of Renewable Microgrids The revised third edition of Design of Smart Power Grid Renewable Energy Systems integrates three areas of electrical engineering: power systems, power electronics, and electric energy conversion systems. The book also addresses the fundamental design of wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy microgrids as part of smart-bulk power-grid systems. In order to demystify the complexity of the integrated approach, the author first presents the basic concepts, and then explores a simulation test bed in MATLAB® in order to use these concepts to solve a basic problem in the development of smart grid energy system. Each chapter offers a problem of integration and describes why it is important. Then the mathematical model of the problem is formulated, and the solution steps are outlined. This step is followed by developing a MATLAB® simulation test bed. This important book: Reviews the basic principles underlying power systems Explores topics including: AC/DC rectifiers, DC/AC inverters, DC/DC converters, and pulse width modulation (PWM) methods Describes the fundamental concepts in the design and operation of smart grid power grids Supplementary material includes a solutions manual and PowerPoint presentations for instructors Written for undergraduate and graduate students in electric power systems engineering, researchers, and industry professionals, the revised third edition of Design of Smart Power Grid Renewable Energy Systems is a guide to the fundamental concepts of power grid integration on microgrids of green energy sources.

Robust Control for Grid Voltage Stability: High Penetration of Renewable Energy

Author : Jahangir Hossain
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9812871160
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Robust Control for Grid Voltage Stability: High Penetration of Renewable Energy by : Jahangir Hossain

Download or read book Robust Control for Grid Voltage Stability: High Penetration of Renewable Energy written by Jahangir Hossain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-07 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes the area of integration of renewable energy into the existing electricity grid accessible to engineers and researchers. This is a self-contained text which has models of power system devices and control theory necessary to understand and tune controllers in use currently. The new research in renewable energy integration is put into perspective by comparing the change in the system dynamics as compared to the traditional electricity grid. The emergence of the voltage stability problem is motivated by extensive examples. Various methods to mitigate this problem are discussed bringing out their merits clearly. As a solution to the voltage stability problem, the book covers the use of FACTS devices and basic control methods. An important contribution of this book is to introduce advanced control methods for voltage stability. It covers the application of output feedback methods with a special emphasis on how to bound modelling uncertainties and the use of robust control theory to design controllers for practical power systems. Special emphasis is given to designing controllers for FACTS devices to improve low-voltage ride-through capability of induction generators. As generally PV is connected in low voltage distribution area, this book also provides a systematic control design for the PV unit in distribution systems. The theory is amply illustrated with large IEEE Test systems with multiple generators and dynamic load. Controllers are designed using Matlab and tested using full system models in PSSE.

New Technologies for Power System Operation and Analysis

Author : Huaiguang Jiang
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012820169X
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis New Technologies for Power System Operation and Analysis by : Huaiguang Jiang

Download or read book New Technologies for Power System Operation and Analysis written by Huaiguang Jiang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Technologies for Power System Operation and Analysis considers the very latest developments in renewable energy integration and system operation, including electricity markets and wide-area monitoring systems and forecasting. Helping readers quickly grasp the essential information needed to address renewable energy integration challenges, this new book looks at basic power system mathematical models, advanced renewable integration and system optimizations from transmission and distribution system sides. Sections cover wind, solar, gas and petroleum, making this a useful reference for all engineers interested in power system operation. Includes codes in MATLAB® and Python Provides a complete analysis of all new and relevant power system technologies Covers the impact on existing power system operations at the advanced level, with detailed technical insights

Modeling and Control of Sustainable Power Systems

Author : Lingfeng Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642229042
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling and Control of Sustainable Power Systems by : Lingfeng Wang

Download or read book Modeling and Control of Sustainable Power Systems written by Lingfeng Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of the smart grid promises the world an efficient and intelligent approach of managing energy production, transportation, and consumption by incorporating intelligence, efficiency, and optimality into the power grid. Both energy providers and consumers can take advantage of the convenience, reliability, and energy savings achieved by real-time and intelligent energy management. To this end, the current power grid is experiencing drastic changes and upgrades. For instance, more significant green energy resources such as wind power and solar power are being integrated into the power grid, and higher energy storage capacity is being installed in order to mitigate the intermittency issues brought about by the variable energy resources. At the same time, novel power electronics technologies and operating strategies are being invented and adopted. For instance, Flexible AC transmission systems and phasor measurement units are two promising technologies for improving the power system reliability and power quality. Demand side management will enable the customers to manage the power loads in an active fashion. As a result, modeling and control of modern power grids pose great challenges due to the adoption of new smart grid technologies. In this book, chapters regarding representative applications of smart grid technologies written by world-renowned experts are included, which explain in detail various innovative modeling and control methods.

Integration of Green and Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems

Author : Ali Keyhani
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047018776X
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Green and Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems by : Ali Keyhani

Download or read book Integration of Green and Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems written by Ali Keyhani and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-14 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical, application-oriented text that presents analytical results for the better modeling and control of power converters in the integration of green energy in electric power systems The combined technology of power semiconductor switching devices, pulse width modulation algorithms, and control theories are being further developed along with the performance improvement of power semiconductors and microprocessors so that more efficient, reliable, and cheaper electric energy conversion can be achieved within the next decade. Integration of Green and Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems covers the principles, analysis, and synthesis of closed loop control of pulse width modulated converters in power electronics systems, with special application emphasis on distributed generation systems and uninterruptible power supplies. The authors present two versions of a documented simulation test bed for homework problems and projects based on Matlab/Simulink, designed to help readers understand the content through simulations. The first consists of a number of problems and projects for classroom teaching convenience and learning. The second is based on the most recent work in control of power converters for the research of practicing engineers and industry researchers. Addresses a combination of the latest developments in control technology of pulse width modulation algorithms and digital control methods Problems and projects have detailed mathematical modeling, control design, solution steps, and results Uses a significant number of tables, circuit and block diagrams, and waveform plots with well-designed, class-tested problems/solutions and projects designed for the best teaching-learning interaction Provides computer simulation programs as examples for ease of understanding and platforms for the projects Covering major power-conversion applications that help professionals from a variety of industries, Integration of Green and Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems provides practical, application-oriented system analysis and synthesis that is instructional and inspiring for practicing electrical engineers and researchers as well as undergraduate and graduate students.

Control and Dynamics in Power Systems and Microgrids

Author : Lingling Fan
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351979388
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Control and Dynamics in Power Systems and Microgrids by : Lingling Fan

Download or read book Control and Dynamics in Power Systems and Microgrids written by Lingling Fan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In traditional power system dynamics and control books, the focus is on synchronous generators. Within current industry, where renewable energy, power electronics converters, and microgrids arise, the related system-level dynamics and control need coverage. Wind energy system dynamics and microgrid system control are covered. The text also offers insight to using programming examples, state-of-the-art control design tools, and advanced control concepts to explain traditional power system dynamics and control. The reader will gain knowledge of dynamics and control in both synchronous generator-based power system and power electronic converter enabled renewable energy systems, as well as microgrids.

Smart Grids for Renewable Energy Systems, Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage Systems

Author : Rajkumar Viral
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 100064944X
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Smart Grids for Renewable Energy Systems, Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage Systems by : Rajkumar Viral

Download or read book Smart Grids for Renewable Energy Systems, Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage Systems written by Rajkumar Viral and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-10-10 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference text discusses simulation with case studies and realworld applications related to energy system models, the large-scale integration of renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. The text covers analysis and modeling of the large-scale integration of renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. It further discusses economic aspects useful for policy makers and industrial professionals. It covers important topics, including smart grids architectures, wide-area situational awareness (WASA), energy management systems (EMS), demand response (DR), smart grid standardization exertions, virtual power plants, battery degradation modeling, optimization approaches in modeling, and smart metering infrastructure. The book: Discusses the analysis and modeling of the large-scale integration of renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems Covers issues and challenges encountered in the large-scale integration of electric vehicles, energy storage systems and renewable energy systems into future smart grid design Provides simulation with case studies and real-world applications related to energy system models, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems Discusses the integration of large renewable energy systems, with the presence of a large number of electric vehicles and storage devices/systems Discussing concepts of smart grids, together with the deployment of electric vehicles, energy storage systems and renewable energy systems, this text will be useful as a reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, renewable energy, and clean technologies. It further discusses topics, including electric grid infrastructure, architecture, interfacing, standardization, protocols, security, reliability, communication, and optimal control.

Renewable Energy Systems

Author : Ahmad Taher Azar
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128203986
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Systems by : Ahmad Taher Azar

Download or read book Renewable Energy Systems written by Ahmad Taher Azar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Energy Systems: Modelling, Optimization and Control aims to cross-pollinate recent advances in the study of renewable energy control systems by bringing together diverse scientific breakthroughs on the modeling, control and optimization of renewable energy systems by leading researchers. The book brings together the most comprehensive collection of modeling, control theorems and optimization techniques to help solve many scientific issues for researchers in renewable energy and control engineering. Many multidisciplinary applications are discussed, including new fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results. The book also covers new circuits and systems to help researchers solve many nonlinear problems. This book fills the gaps between different interdisciplinary applications, ranging from mathematical concepts, modeling, and analysis, up to the realization and experimental work. Covers modeling, control theorems and optimization techniques which will solve many scientific issues for researchers in renewable energy Discusses many multidisciplinary applications with new fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results Includes new circuits and systems, helping researchers solve many nonlinear problems

Variable Renewable Energy and the Electricity Grid

Author : Jay Apt
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317907671
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

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Book Synopsis Variable Renewable Energy and the Electricity Grid by : Jay Apt

Download or read book Variable Renewable Energy and the Electricity Grid written by Jay Apt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-13 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integration of renewable energy resources into the electricity grid presents an important challenge. This book provides a review and analysis of the technical and policy options available for managing variable energy resources such as wind and solar power. As well as being of value to government and industry policy-makers and planners, the volume also provides a single source for scientists and engineers of the technical knowledge gained during the 4-year RenewElec (renewable electricity) project at Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Vermont, Vermont Law School, and the Van Ness Feldman environmental law firm. The first part of the book discusses the options for large scale integration of variable electric power generation, including issues of predictability, variability, and efficiency. The second part presents the scientific findings of the project. In the final part, the authors undertake a critical review of major quantitative regional and national wind integration studies in the United States. Based on comparisons among these studies, they suggest areas where improvements in methods are warranted in future studies, areas where additional research is needed to facilitate future improvements in wind integration studies and how the research can be put into practice.