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Dynamic Modeling And Cascaded Control For A Multi Evaporator Supermarket Refrigeration System
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Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Cascaded Control for a Multi-Evaporator Supermarket Refrigeration System by : Ankush Gupta
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Cascaded Control for a Multi-Evaporator Supermarket Refrigeration System written by Ankush Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The survey from US Department of Energy showed that about one-third of energy consumption in US is due to air conditioning and refrigeration systems. This significant usage of electricity in the HVAC industry has prompted researchers to develop dynamic models for the HVAC components, which leads to implementation of better control and optimization techniques. In this research, efforts are made to model a multi-evaporator system. A novel dynamic modeling technique is proposed based on moving boundary method, which can be generalized for any number of evaporators in a vapor compression cycle. The models were validated experimentally on a commercial supermarket refrigeration unit. Simulation results showed that the models capture the major dynamics of the system in both the steady state and transient external disturbances. Furthermore the use of MEMS (microelectromechanical) based Silicon Expansion Valves (SEVs) have reportedly shown power savings as compared to the Thermal Expansion Valves (TEVs). Experimental tests were conducted on a supermarket refrigeration unit fitted with the MEMS valves to explain the cause of these potential energy savings. In this study an advanced cascaded control algorithm was also designed to control the MEMS valves. The performance of the cascaded control architecture was compared with the standard Thermal Expansion Valves (TEVs) and a commercially available Microstaq (MS) Superheat Controller (SHC). The results reveal that the significant efficiency gains derived on the SEVs are due to better superheat regulation, tighter superheat control and superior cooling effects in shorter time period which reduces the total run-time of the compressor. It was also observed that the duty cycle was least for the cascaded control algorithm. The reduction in duty cycle indicates early shut-off for the compressor resulting in maximum power savings for the cascaded control, followed by the Microstaq controller and then the Thermal Expansion Valves. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148111
Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Capacity Control of Multiple Chiller Systems by : Yang Guan
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Capacity Control of Multiple Chiller Systems written by Yang Guan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple chiller systems are widely utilized for space cooling in industrial and commercial buildings. Good chiller control methods could offer benefits to users for more energy savings. Matching the anticipated cooling load and achieving higher coefficient of performance (COP) are the main objectives of multiple chiller capacity control strategies. With this as a main motivation, a dynamic model of compressor refrigeration chiller (CRC) and design of a closed loop PI controller for single CRC and multiple CRC systems are presented in this thesis. The dynamic model of vapor compressor refrigeration system includes thermostat expansion valve, evaporator, compressor, compressor motor, and condenser. The model equations were solved and open loop simulations were made to evaluate the time response characteristics of each component and whole chiller system under varying cooling load. A PI controller was designed and output responses of supply water temperatures, refrigerant mass flow rate and compressor motor rotor speed were studied.
Book Synopsis Intelligent Building Control Systems by : John T. Wen
Download or read book Intelligent Building Control Systems written by John T. Wen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers of this book will be shown how, with the adoption of ubiquituous sensing, extensive data-gathering and forecasting, and building-embedded advanced actuation, intelligent building systems with the ability to respond to occupant preferences in a safe and energy-efficient manner are becoming a reality. The articles collected present a holistic perspective on the state of the art and current research directions in building automation, advanced sensing and control, including: model-based and model-free control design for temperature control; smart lighting systems; smart sensors and actuators (such as smart thermostats, lighting fixtures and HVAC equipment with embedded intelligence); and energy management, including consideration of grid connectivity and distributed intelligence. These articles are both educational for practitioners and graduate students interested in design and implementation, and foundational for researchers interested in understanding the state of the art and the challenges that must be overcome in realizing the potential benefits of smart building systems. This edited volume also includes case studies from implementation of these algorithms/sensing strategies in to-scale building systems. These demonstrate the benefits and pitfalls of using smart sensing and control for enhanced occupant comfort and energy efficiency.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Advanced Control of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems by : Bryan Philip Rasmussen
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Advanced Control of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems written by Bryan Philip Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cascade and Secondary Coolant Supermarket Refrigeration Systems by : Getu Haile-Michael
Download or read book Cascade and Secondary Coolant Supermarket Refrigeration Systems written by Getu Haile-Michael and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional supermarket refrigeration systems have long piping system, fittings and joints causing substantial refrigerant losses. The refrigerant losses bring about high cost and environmental damage. Additionally, defrosting of air-coils is one of the most energy consuming processes in supermarket refrigeration systems to keep display cabinets under the required temperature. Various studies, though limited in scope, have been conducted by several researchers in order to provide efficient and environmentally friendly supermarket refrigeration technologies. The current study, therefore, presents numerical models for cascade and secondary coolant systems and new correlations for frost property. These models showed that energy savings from 17500 to 170000kWh per annum could potentially be achieved from a typical supermarket store. These systems also avoid the use of environmentally damaging refrigerants thereby attracting supermarket owners. Finally, a step-by-step exercise of the application of the secondary coolant model has been presented to completely design, select, evaluate and install such systems or retrofit the existing traditional refrigeration systems in supermarkets.
Book Synopsis Superheat Control for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems: Simulation and Experiments by : Richard J. Otten
Download or read book Superheat Control for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems: Simulation and Experiments written by Richard J. Otten and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the invention of air conditioning and refrigeration in the late nineteenth century, there has been tremendous interest in increasing system efficiency to reduce the impact these systems have on global energy consumption. Efficiency improvements have been accomplished through component design, refrigerant design, and most recently control system design. The emergence of the electronic expansion valve and variable speed drives has made immense impacts on the ability to regulate system parameters, resulting in important strides towards efficiency improvement. This research presents tools and methodologies for model development and controller design for air conditioning and refrigeration systems. In this thesis, control-oriented nonlinear dynamic models are developed and validated with test data collected from a fully instrumented experimental system. These models enable the design of advanced control configurations which supplement the performance of the commonly used proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Evaporator superheat is a key parameter considered in this research since precise control optimizes evaporator efficiency while protecting the system from component damage. The controllers developed in this thesis ultimately provide better transient and steady state performance which increases system efficiency through low superheat set point design. The developed controllers also address the classical performance versus robustness tradeoff through design which preserves transients while prolonging the lifetime of the electronic expansion valve. Another notable contribution of this thesis is the development of hardware-in-the-loop load emulation which provides a method to test component and software control loop performance. This method alleviates the costs associated with the current method of testing using environmental test chambers.
Book Synopsis Refrigeration Systems and Applications by : Ibrahim Din¿er
Download or read book Refrigeration Systems and Applications written by Ibrahim Din¿er and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-23 with total page 990 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive text/reference for students, researchers and practicing engineers This book provides comprehensive coverage on refrigeration systems and applications, ranging from the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to food cooling applications for a wide range of sectoral utilizations. Energy and exergy analyses as well as performance assessments through energy and exergy efficiencies and energetic and exergetic coefficients of performance are explored, and numerous analysis techniques, models, correlations and procedures are introduced with examples and case studies. There are specific sections allocated to environmental impact assessment and sustainable development studies. Also featured are discussions of important recent developments in the field, including those stemming from the author’s pioneering research. Refrigeration is a uniquely positioned multi-disciplinary field encompassing mechanical, chemical, industrial and food engineering, as well as chemistry. Its wide-ranging applications mean that the industry plays a key role in national and international economies. And it continues to be an area of active research, much of it focusing on making the technology as environmentally friendly and sustainable as possible without compromising cost efficiency and effectiveness. This substantially updated and revised edition of the classic text/reference now features two new chapters devoted to renewable-energy-based integrated refrigeration systems and environmental impact/sustainability assessment. All examples and chapter-end problems have been updated as have conversion factors and the thermophysical properties of an array of materials. Provides a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies Examines fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, refrigerants, as well as energy and exergy analyses and energy and exergy based performance assessment criteria and approaches Introduces environmental impact assessment methods and sustainability evaluation of refrigeration systems and applications Covers basic and advanced (and hence integrated) refrigeration cycles and systems, as well as a range of novel applications Discusses crucial industrial, technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis Features clear explanations, numerous chapter-end problems and worked-out examples Refrigeration Systems and Applications, Third Edition is an indispensable working resource for researchers and practitioners in the areas of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, biochemical, industrial and food engineering disciplines.
Book Synopsis Bulletin de L'Institut International Du Froid by :
Download or read book Bulletin de L'Institut International Du Froid written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration by : Shan K. Wang
Download or read book Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration written by Shan K. Wang and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2000-11-07 with total page 1430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * A broad range of disciplines--energy conservation and air quality issues, construction and design, and the manufacture of temperature-sensitive products and materials--is covered in this comprehensive handbook * Provide essential, up-to-date HVAC data, codes, standards, and guidelines, all conveniently located in one volume * A definitive reference source on the design, selection and operation of A/C and refrigeration systems
Book Synopsis Handbook of Water and Energy Management in Food Processing by : Jiri Klemes
Download or read book Handbook of Water and Energy Management in Food Processing written by Jiri Klemes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective water and energy use in food processing is essential, not least for legislative compliance and cost reduction. This major volume reviews techniques for improvements in the efficiency of water and energy use as well as wastewater treatment in the food industry. Opening chapters provide an overview of key drivers for better management. Part two is concerned with assessing water and energy consumption and designing strategies for their reduction. These include auditing energy and water use, and modelling and optimisation tools for water minimisation. Part three reviews good housekeeping procedures, measurement and process control, and monitoring and intelligent support systems. Part four discusses methods to minimise energy consumption. Chapters focus on improvements in specific processes such as refrigeration, drying and heat recovery. Part five discusses water reuse and wastewater treatment in the food industry. Chapters cover water recycling, disinfection techniques, aerobic and anaerobic systems for treatment of wastewater. The final section concentrates on particular industry sectors including fresh meat and poultry, cereals, sugar, soft drinks, brewing and winemaking. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Handbook of water and energy management in food processing is a standard reference for the food industry. Provides an overview of key drivers for better management Reviews techniques for improvements in efficiency of water and energy use and waste water treatment Examines house keeping proceedures and measurement and process control
Book Synopsis 2009 ASHRAE Handbook by : Mark S. Owen
Download or read book 2009 ASHRAE Handbook written by Mark S. Owen and published by Amer Society of Heating. This book was released on 2009 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2009 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals covers basic principles and data used in the HVAC&R industry. The ASHRAE Technical Committees that prepare these chapters strive not only to provide new information, but also to clarify existing information, delete obsolete materials, and reorganize chapters to make the Handbook more understandable and easier to use. An accompanying CD-ROM contains all the volume's chapters in both I-P and SI units.
Book Synopsis Modern Engineering Thermodynamics - Textbook with Tables Booklet by : Robert T. Balmer
Download or read book Modern Engineering Thermodynamics - Textbook with Tables Booklet written by Robert T. Balmer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Engineering Thermodynamics - Textbook with Tables Booklet offers a problem-solving approach to basic and applied engineering thermodynamics, with historical vignettes, critical thinking boxes and case studies throughout to help relate abstract concepts to actual engineering applications. It also contains applications to modern engineering issues. This textbook is designed for use in a standard two-semester engineering thermodynamics course sequence, with the goal of helping students develop engineering problem solving skills through the use of structured problem-solving techniques. The first half of the text contains material suitable for a basic Thermodynamics course taken by engineers from all majors. The second half of the text is suitable for an Applied Thermodynamics course in mechanical engineering programs. The Second Law of Thermodynamics is introduced through a basic entropy concept, providing students a more intuitive understanding of this key course topic. Property Values are discussed before the First Law of Thermodynamics to ensure students have a firm understanding of property data before using them. Over 200 worked examples and more than 1,300 end of chapter problems provide an extensive opportunity to practice solving problems. For greater instructor flexibility at exam time, thermodynamic tables are provided in a separate accompanying booklet. University students in mechanical, chemical, and general engineering taking a thermodynamics course will find this book extremely helpful. Provides the reader with clear presentations of the fundamental principles of basic and applied engineering thermodynamics. Helps students develop engineering problem solving skills through the use of structured problem-solving techniques. Introduces the Second Law of Thermodynamics through a basic entropy concept, providing students a more intuitive understanding of this key course topic. Covers Property Values before the First Law of Thermodynamics to ensure students have a firm understanding of property data before using them. Over 200 worked examples and more than 1,300 end of chapter problems offer students extensive opportunity to practice solving problems. Historical Vignettes, Critical Thinking boxes and Case Studies throughout the book help relate abstract concepts to actual engineering applications. For greater instructor flexibility at exam time, thermodynamic tables are provided in a separate accompanying booklet.
Book Synopsis Modelling Methods for Energy in Buildings by : Chris Underwood
Download or read book Modelling Methods for Energy in Buildings written by Chris Underwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change mitigation and sustainable practices are now at the top of political and technical agendas. Environmental system modelling provides a way of appraising options and this book will make a significant contribution to the uptake of such systems. It provides knowledge of the principles involved in modelling systems, builds confidence amongst designers and offers a broad perspective of the potential of these new technologies. The aim of the book is to provide an understanding of the concepts and principles behind predictive modelling methods; review progress in the development of the modelling software available; and explore modelling in building design through international case studies based on real design problems.
Download or read book Thermal Systems written by Ivan CK Tam and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-07 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in interesting times in which life as we know it is being threatened by manmade changes to the atmosphere in which we live. On the global scale, concern is focused on climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, and on a national scale, atmospheric pollution produced by combustion processes is of concern. A possible approach is through the development of new ideas and innovative processes to the current practices. Among the available options, multi-generation processes such as the trigeneration cycle, battery storage system, solar power plants and heat pumps have been widely studied, as they potentially allow for greater efficiency, lower costs, and reduced emissions. On the other hand, some researchers had been working to increase the potential of energy generation process through heat recovery under the steam generator, organic Rankine cycle, and absorption chillers. In this Special Issue on "Thermal Systems” of fundamental or applied and numerical or experimental investigation, many new concepts in thermal systems and energy utilization were explored and published as original research papers in this “Special Issue”.
Book Synopsis Industrial Refrigeration Handbook (PB) by : Wilbert Stoecker
Download or read book Industrial Refrigeration Handbook (PB) written by Wilbert Stoecker and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 1998-01-22 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing from the best of the widely dispersed literature in the field and the authorÕs vast professional knowledge and experience, here is todayÕs most exhaustive, one-stop coverage of the fundamentals, design, installation, and operation of industrial refrigeration systems. Detailing the industry changes caused by the conversion from CFCs to non-ozone-depleting refrigerants and by the development of microprocessors and new secondary coolants, Industrial Refrigeration Handbook also examines multistage systems; compressors, evaporators, and condensers; piping, vessels, valves and refrigerant controls; liquid recirculation; refrigeration load calculations; refrigeration and freezing of food; and safety procedures. Offering a rare compilation of thermodynamic data on the most-used industrial refrigerants, the Handbook is a mother lode of vital information and guidance for every practitioner in the field.
Book Synopsis Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration by : Giuseppe Grazzini
Download or read book Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration written by Giuseppe Grazzini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encompassing both practical applications and recent research developments, this book takes the reader from fundamental physics, through cutting-edge new designs of ejectors for refrigeration. The authors’ unique vision marries successful design, system optimization, and operation experience with insights on the application of cutting-edge Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. This robust treatment leads the way forward in developing improved ejector technologies. The book covers ejectors used for heat powered refrigeration and for expansion work recovery in compression refrigerators, with special emphasis on two-phase flows of “natural” fluids within the ejector, i.e. steam and carbon dioxide. It features worked examples, detailed research results, and analysis tools.
Book Synopsis Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants by : Can Ozgur Colpan
Download or read book Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants written by Can Ozgur Colpan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants guides researchers and engineers on the analysis and optimization of geothermal power plants through conventional and innovative methods. Coverage encompasses the fundamentals, thermodynamic analysis, and optimization of geothermal power plants. Advanced thermodynamic analysis tools such as exergy analysis, thermoeconomic analysis, and several thermodynamic optimization methods are covered in depth for different configurations of geothermal power plants through case studies. Interdisciplinary research with relevant economic and environmental dimensions are addressed in many of the studies. Multiobjective optimization studies aimed at better efficiency, lower cost, and a lower environmental impact are also discussed in this book. Addresses the complexities of thermodynamic assessment in almost all operational plant configurations, including solar-geothermal and multigeneration power plants Includes an exemplary range of case studies, from basic to integrated Provides modern optimization methods including exergoeconomic, artificial neural networks, and multiobjective particle swarm Covers environmental impact considerations and integration with renewable energy systems
