Dual Stable Isotopes Of Ch 4 From Yellowstone Hot Springs Suggest Hydrothermal Processes Involving Magmatic Co 2

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Dual Stable Isotopes of CH 4 from Yellowstone Hot-springs Suggest Hydrothermal Processes Involving Magmatic CO 2

Author : James J. Moran
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Dual Stable Isotopes of CH 4 from Yellowstone Hot-springs Suggest Hydrothermal Processes Involving Magmatic CO 2 by : James J. Moran

Download or read book Dual Stable Isotopes of CH 4 from Yellowstone Hot-springs Suggest Hydrothermal Processes Involving Magmatic CO 2 written by James J. Moran and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanism and post-magmatism contribute significant annual methane (CH4) fluxes to the atmosphere (on par with other natural sources such as forest fire and wild animal emissions) and have been implicated in past climate-change events. The Yellowstone hot spot is one of the largest volcanic systems on Earth and is known to emit CH4 (as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases), but the ultimate sources of this CH4 flux have not been elucidated. Here we use dual stable isotope analysis (?2 H and ?13C) of CH4 sampled from ten high-temperature geothermal pools in Yellowstone National Park along with other isotopic and gas analyses to evaluate potential sources of methane. The average ?13C and ?2 H values of CH4 emitted from hot springs (26.7 (±2.4) and ?236.9 (±12.0) ?, respectively) are inconsistent with microbial methanogenesis but do not allow distinction between thermogenic and abiotic sources. Correlation between ?13CCH4 and ?13C of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) is consistent with DIC as the parent C source for the observed CH4, or with equilibration of CH4 and DIC. Methane formation temperatures estimated by isotopic geothermometry based on ?13CCH4 and ?13CCO2 ranged from ~250? 350 °C, which is just below previous temperature estimates for the hydrothermal reservoir. Further, the ?2 HH2O of the thermal springs and the measured ?2 HCH4 values are consistent with equilibration between the source water and the CH4 at the formation temperatures. Though the ultimate origin of the CH4 could be attributed to either abiotic of themorgenic processes with subsequent isotopic equilibration, the C1/C2+ composition of the gases is more consistent with abiotic origins for most of the samples. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that subsurface rock-water interactions are responsible for at least a significant fraction of the CH4 flux from the Yellowstone National Park volcanic system.

Water-rhyolite Interaction in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System

Author : Jeffrey Todd Cullen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Water-rhyolite Interaction in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System by : Jeffrey Todd Cullen

Download or read book Water-rhyolite Interaction in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System written by Jeffrey Todd Cullen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In caldera-hosted rhyolitic hydrothermal systems, thermal waters, which are expelled to the surface through geysers and hot springs, provide a window into the conditions of water-rock interaction and element source/transport pathways of the dissolved components. By conducting hydrothermal experiments, we can constrain element behaviors during water-rock (W-R) interaction which enhances our ability to accurately interpret natural thermal waters and thus gain insights into processes occurring at depth in the hydrothermal system. This dissertation focuses on constraining elemental and isotopic behaviors during water rock interactions under conditions appropriate of continental, rhyolitic-caldera-hosted hydrothermal systems; more specifically the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System. In Chapter 2, I conduct water-rhyolite experiments over a temperature range of 150°C-350°C to constrain element leaching behaviors at each temperature, the secondary minerals formed, and how the secondary minerals control the concentrations of certain essential proxy fluid-mobile trace elements (Cl, F, Br, Li, and B). The experiments show rhyolite obsidian is stable at T ≤ 250°C. No alteration occurs and F is mobilized readily out of the rock by hydration exchange reactions. Cl and B are not leached from the rock. At T ≥ 275 °C, the rhyolite is completely broken down and recrystallized to the zeolite, ferrierite. Fluorine has affinity for the zeolite and is removed from solution into this phase, whereas Cl and B are completely leached from the rock and remain in solution. Li is moderately fluid mobile over the entire temperature range. In Chapter 3, I investigate the Cl, Li, and B stable isotope behaviors of the experimental materials in order to determine whether these isotopes fractionate during water rock interaction. The experimental results are compared with natural Yellowstone thermal waters from Upper Geyser Basin (UGB). The results indicate that Cl and B isotopes fractionate negligibly during leaching and during precipitation of ferrierite at T ≥ 275 °C. 7Li is only preferentially released into solution during leaching at T ≤ 250°C. The Cl, Li, and B isotope compositions of Upper Geyser Basin (UGB) waters reflect the leaching from host rhyolites with little to no fractionation. Elemental ratios suggest a small fraction of Cl and perhaps Li are derived from a magmatic source. In Chapter 4, I generate aqueous geochemical data from an extensive suite of Yellowstone thermal waters we collected between 2014 and 2016 (n = 141) from 11 separate geyser basins/thermal areas in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System to uncover chemical correlations between thermal areas and water types across the entire system. Data are in good agreement with the experimental results. delta37Cl, values are relatively uniform throughout, and indicate leaching from host rhyolites. In alkaline-chloride dominant thermal areas, delta7Li, and delta11B values indicate leaching of host rhyolites with minimal fractionation and/or interaction with preciously altered rhyolites. In acid-SO4 and mixed SO4-Cl areas, delta7Li, and delta11B values are consistent with fractionation due to interaction with secondary clay minerals. Higher resolution investigation of UGB thermal waters reveals spatial correlations with compositions and inferred reservoir equilibrium temperatures.

Hydrothermal Processes Above the Yellowstone Magma Chamber

Author : Lisa A. Morgan
Publisher : Geological Society of America
ISBN 13 : 0813724597
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydrothermal Processes Above the Yellowstone Magma Chamber by : Lisa A. Morgan

Download or read book Hydrothermal Processes Above the Yellowstone Magma Chamber written by Lisa A. Morgan and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Home to more than 10,000 thermal features, Yellowstone has experienced over 20 large hydrothermal explosions producing craters from 100 to over 2500 meters in diameter during the past 16,000 years. Using new mapping, sampling, and analysis techniques, this volume documents a broad spectrum of ages and geologic settings for these events and considers additional processes and alternative triggering mechanisms that have not been explored in previous studies. Although large hydrothermal explosions are rare on the human time scale, the potential for future explosions in Yellowstone is not insignificant, and events large enough to create a 100-m-wide crater might be expected every 200 years. This work presents information useful for determining the timing, distribution, and possible causes of these events in Yellowstone, which will aid in the planning of monitoring strategies and the anticipation of hydrothermal explosions."--Publisher's description.

An Analysis of the Hydrothermal Fluid Chemistry and Isotopic Data of Yellowstone Lake Vents

Author : Christie D. Cino
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis An Analysis of the Hydrothermal Fluid Chemistry and Isotopic Data of Yellowstone Lake Vents by : Christie D. Cino

Download or read book An Analysis of the Hydrothermal Fluid Chemistry and Isotopic Data of Yellowstone Lake Vents written by Christie D. Cino and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellowstone National Park is a dynamic environment home to an array of geysers, hot springs, and hydrothermal vents fueled by the underlying continental magmatic intrusion. Yellowstone Lake vent fluids accounts for approximately 10% of the total geothermal flux for all of Yellowstone National Park. Though studying this remote hydrothermal system poses severe challenges, it provides an excellent natural laboratory to research hydrothermal fluids that undergo higher pressure and temperature conditions in an environment largely shielded from atmospheric oxygen. The location of these vents also provides chemistry that is characteristic of fluids deeper in the Yellowstone hydrothermal system. In August 2016 and 2017, hydrothermal fluids were collected from the Stevenson Island vents in collaboration with the Hydrothermal Dynamics of Yellowstone Lake (HD-YLAKE) project using novel sampling techniques and monitoring instrumentation. The newly built ROV Yogi was deployed to reach the vents in-situ with temperatures in excess of 151oC at 100-120 m depth, equipped with a 12-cylinder isobaric sampler to collect the hydrothermal fluids. Analyses of the Yellowstone Lake hydrothermal fluid revealed chemistry almost identical to that of the lake water, with the exception of an abundance of dissolved gases, such as CO2 and H2S. Dissolved H2 and CO are also present, suggesting more reducing conditions at elevated temperatures with high fractions of hydrothermal source fluid. Reducing conditions are also indicated by high H2S/SO4 ratio, and in-situ chemical sensor data. A particularly abnormal feat of these fluids is the dissolved silica concentrations, which are well below saturation with respect to quartz and amorphous silica, in spite of the silica-rich substrate which the hydrothermal fluids vent through. One explanation for this chemical data is influx of high enthalpy steam from a boiling zone immediately beneath the lake floor. Mass-balance calculations indicate the collected sample contain 27% vapor to mix with lake water in order to achieve the observed temperatures of the vent fluids. However, this interpretation is a paradigm shift from the previous models, which entail mixing of a chloride rich, isotopically heavy deep thermal reservoir liquid with lake water.

Refinements to Radium and Radon Isotope Measurement Methodologies in Hot Spring Waters from the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field Hydrothermal System for the Purpose of Quantifying Hydrothermal Fluid Residence Ages

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Author : Abraham L. Role
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780355537413
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Refinements to Radium and Radon Isotope Measurement Methodologies in Hot Spring Waters from the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field Hydrothermal System for the Purpose of Quantifying Hydrothermal Fluid Residence Ages by : Abraham L. Role

Download or read book Refinements to Radium and Radon Isotope Measurement Methodologies in Hot Spring Waters from the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field Hydrothermal System for the Purpose of Quantifying Hydrothermal Fluid Residence Ages written by Abraham L. Role and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The short-lived Uranium and Thorium – decay series isotopes of radium (Ra) and radon (Rn) have half-lives that range from 55 seconds (220Rn) to 1,600 years (226Ra) and can be utilized as geochronometers to quantify geologic processes that occur on timescales from minutes to thousands of years. Ra and Rn isotopes were measured in Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field (YPVF) hot springs in order to constrain the residence time of hydrothermal system fluids. Understanding the timescales of subsurface fluid circulation in a large hydrothermal system is important to the study of commercial and precious metal geothermal ore deposits and geothermal energy exploration and exploitation. Methods for measuring Ra and Rn isotopes that are well-developed for most natural and marine waters, are not appropriate for YPVF hot spring waters that exhibit: high temperatures, high CO2 gas flux, and large variations in pH and water chemistry. In order to adapt well-established methods of Ra and Rn measurement to YPVF hot springs, measurements were made at thermal areas throughout Yellowstone National Park on a broad variety of thermal features that range in pH from 1.5 – 8.4 and temperature from 32 – 93°C, and include low turbidity (clear and translucent) to high turbidity (muddy with suspended clay-sized sediment) hot springs. The methods and procedures we recommend for the successful measurement of Ra and Rn for these YPVF hot springs can be applied to continental systems throughout the globe and are presented in Chapter 2, which is in the process of being submitted to Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research as Role et al. (to be submitted). The residence age of hydrothermal fluids that ascend from a deep thermal aquifer to feed hot springs in thermal areas throughout the YPVF is poorly constrained. A simple Ra-Rn box model based on 222Rn and (228Ra/226Ra) hot springs measurements yields a mean deep thermal fluid residence age of 845 years (n=41). Residence age estimates range from 23 to 2,940 years, and are not well correlated with hot spring water chemistry. Hot springs from thermal areas where deep thermal fluid (228Ra/226Ra) may be perturbed during ascent to the surface by potential re-equilibration with shallow aquifers and mixing with shallow groundwater are considered less reliable for estimating deep thermal residence age using (228Ra/226Ra). Future investigations intending to further characterize deep thermal fluid residence are encouraged to focus on hot springs that share chemical attributes (Cl ~ 400ppm, 3H

Carbon and Hydrogen Gases in Hydrothermal Systems

Author : John Andrew Welhan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon and Hydrogen Gases in Hydrothermal Systems by : John Andrew Welhan

Download or read book Carbon and Hydrogen Gases in Hydrothermal Systems written by John Andrew Welhan and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Geologic Field-trip Guide to the Volcanic and Hydrothermal Landscape of the Yellowstone Plateau

Author : Lisa A. Morgan
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9781411342040
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Geologic Field-trip Guide to the Volcanic and Hydrothermal Landscape of the Yellowstone Plateau by : Lisa A. Morgan

Download or read book Geologic Field-trip Guide to the Volcanic and Hydrothermal Landscape of the Yellowstone Plateau written by Lisa A. Morgan and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Uranium and Thorium Decay Series Isotopic Constraints on the Source and Residence Time of Solutes in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System

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Author : Timothy P. Moloney
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267173140
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (731 download)

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Book Synopsis Uranium and Thorium Decay Series Isotopic Constraints on the Source and Residence Time of Solutes in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System by : Timothy P. Moloney

Download or read book Uranium and Thorium Decay Series Isotopic Constraints on the Source and Residence Time of Solutes in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System written by Timothy P. Moloney and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrothermal fluids in Yellowstone National Park have widely varying chemical composition. Heat and volatile flux from the hydrothermal system can be estimated by monitoring the composition and volume of emitted hydrothermal fluid, but the source of solutes in hydrothermal fluid is often nebulous and the geochemical processes that affect the nuclides are poorly understood. Measurements of 220Rn and 222Rn activity in hydrothermal fluids and of CO2 flux from fumaroles and hot springs were carried out in Yellowstone National Park during the summer of 2010. We observed a weak relationship between (220Rn/222Rn) and CO2 flux, which indicates that CO2 acts as a carrier gas to bring radon to the surface, but the radon is sourced from aquifer rocks rather than magma. If radon reaching the surface were sourced from magma below Yellowstone, there would be a stronger correlation between (220Rn/222Rn) and CO2 flux.

Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Fractionation in Hydrous Minerals as Indicators of Fluid Source in Modern and Fossil Metasomatic Environments

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Author : Emily Catherine Pope
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Fractionation in Hydrous Minerals as Indicators of Fluid Source in Modern and Fossil Metasomatic Environments by : Emily Catherine Pope

Download or read book Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Fractionation in Hydrous Minerals as Indicators of Fluid Source in Modern and Fossil Metasomatic Environments written by Emily Catherine Pope and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxygen and hydrogen isotope properties of hydrous silicate minerals formed by weathering, hydrothermal, metamorphic and igneous processes provide a record of fluid-rock interaction. We utilize this isotopic record to 1) determine the source of geothermal fluids in two active geothermal systems in Iceland, and to evaluate the consequences of fluid-rock interaction on host rock, fluid and magma chemistry, and 2) to better characterize Earth's surface environments during the early Archaean. Geothermal systems within the active volcanic zone of Iceland provide a unique natural laboratory for studying fluid-rock interaction in magma-hydrothermal systems where the Mid-Atlantic ridge emerges onto land. The fluids of the Reykjanes geothermal system in southwest Iceland are derived from hydrothermally modified seawater. The anomalously low hydrogen isotope composition of these fluids is not due to mixing with local meteoric fluids, as previously supposed, but to diffusional exchange with relict hydrous alteration minerals, such as epidote, which retain an isotopic signature of glacially derived Ice Age fluids that existed early in the evolution of the geothermal system. In contrast, the meteoric-water dominated Krafla geothermal system, in northeast Iceland, displays wide isotopic heterogeneities in modern geothermal fluids and hydrothermal epidote that reflects a complex fluid evolution involving boiling, condensation and contamination by magmatic volatiles. A silicic melt that intruded the Iceland Deep Drilling Project drillhole IDDP-1 within the Krafla geothermal system appears to be largely derived from partial melting of hydrothermal alteration minerals, given the almost identical hydrogen isotope composition of glass sampled from drill cuttings and hydrothermal epidote. The oxygen isotope values of the rhyolite glass show the characteristically low-[lowercase Delta]18O values typical of Icelandic lavas, and result from mixing of a dominant mantle-derived basalt source and a lesser contribution of lighter oxygen from the incongruent melting of hydrothermally altered basalts within the Krafla caldera. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope characteristics of metamorphic fluids recorded in alteration minerals have applications to fossil metasomatic systems as well as modern ones. Serpentinites from the [greater than or equal to] 3.8 Ga Isua Supracrustal Belt (ISB) of West Greenland locally preserve isotope characteristics of their original formation by seawater alteration of ocean crust and suggest that the early Archaean oceans had oxygen isotopes comparable to modern day seawater, but a hydrogen isotope composition that is lower than modern seawater by 25 ± 5%. The hydrogen isotopes of Archaean oceans places mass balance constraints on the extent of hydrogen escape before the rise of atmospheric oxygen ~2.5 Ga, and by extension the maximum atmospheric methane levels during the early Archaean. The oxygen isotope composition predicted by these serpentinites suggests that the ocean was isotopically buffered by hydrothermal interaction with ocean crust by 3.8 Ga. Finally, chromian muscovite-quartz-carbonate veins in the ISB have oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope, elemental and mineralogical characteristics that are genetically similar to orogenic gold deposits in the fore-arc regions of Phanerozoic accretionary margins. We show that in both modern orogens and in the supracrustal sequence at Isua, these veins are the result of seawater-derived fluids liberated from subducting lithosphere interacting with ultramafic rocks in the mantle wedge and lower crust, before migrating up crustal-scale vertical fracture zones. The presence of these veins in the ISB and other Archaean-age deposits indicates that plate tectonic processes comparable to modern-day subduction existed as early as 3.8 Ga.

Geothermal Investigations in Idaho. Part 12. Stable Isotopic Evaluation of Thermal Water Occurrences in the Weiser and Little Salmon River Drainage Basins and Adjacent Areas, West-central Idaho with Attendant Gravity and Magnetic Data on the Weiser Area

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Geothermal Investigations in Idaho. Part 12. Stable Isotopic Evaluation of Thermal Water Occurrences in the Weiser and Little Salmon River Drainage Basins and Adjacent Areas, West-central Idaho with Attendant Gravity and Magnetic Data on the Weiser Area by :

Download or read book Geothermal Investigations in Idaho. Part 12. Stable Isotopic Evaluation of Thermal Water Occurrences in the Weiser and Little Salmon River Drainage Basins and Adjacent Areas, West-central Idaho with Attendant Gravity and Magnetic Data on the Weiser Area written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen thermal springs, two thermal wells, and eight cold springs in the Weiser and Little Salmon river drainages were sampled for deuterium and oxygen-18 analysis during the fall of 1981. The straight-line fit of delta D and delta 18O versus latitude and longitude observed in the data is what would be expected if the recharge areas for the thermal and non-thermal waters were in close proximity to their respective discharge points. The discrete values of delta D and delta 18O for each thermal discharge suggest that none of the sampled thermal systems have common sources. The depleted deuterium and oxygen-18 contents of most thermal relative to non-thermal waters sampled suggests that the thermal waters might be Pleistocene age precipitation. The isotopic data suggest little or no evidence for mixing of thermal and non-thermal water for the sampled discharges. Thermal waters from Weiser, Crane Creek, Cove Creek, and White Licks hot springs show enrichment in oxygen-18 suggesting that these waters have been at elevated temperatures relative to other sampled thermal discharges in the area. Gravity and magnetic data gathered by the Idaho State University Geology Department in the Weiser Hot Springs area suggest that southeastward plunging synclinal-anticlinal couples, which underlie the hot springs, are cut south of the springs by a northeast trending boundary fault.

Stable Isotope Ecology

Author : Brian Fry
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387337458
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Ecology by : Brian Fry

Download or read book Stable Isotope Ecology written by Brian Fry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-15 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A solid introduction to stable isotopes that can also be used as an instructive review for more experienced researchers and professionals. The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. The author’s humorous and lighthearted style painlessly imparts the principles of isotope ecology. The online material contains color illustrations, spreadsheet models, technical appendices, and problems and answers.

Dynamics of the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System

Author : Shaul Hurwitz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamics of the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System by : Shaul Hurwitz

Download or read book Dynamics of the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System written by Shaul Hurwitz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field is characterized by extensive seismicity, episodes of uplift and subsidence, and a hydrothermal system that comprises more than 10,000 thermal features, including geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, thermal springs, and hydrothermal explosion craters. The diverse chemical and isotopic compositions of waters and gases derive from mantle, crustal, and meteoric sources and extensive water-gas-rock interaction at variable pressures and temperatures. The thermal features are host to all domains of life that utilize diverse inorganic sources of energy for metabolism. The unique and exceptional features of the hydrothermal system have attracted numerous researchers to Yellowstone beginning with the Washburn and Hayden expeditions in the 1870s. Since a seminal review published a quarter of a century ago, research in many fields has greatly advanced our understanding of the many coupled processes operating in and on the hydrothermal system. Specific advances include more refined geophysical images of the magmatic system, better constraints on the time scale of magmatic processes, characterization of fluid sources and water-rock interactions, quantitative estimates of heat and magmatic volatile fluxes, discovering and quantifying the role of thermophile microorganisms in the geochemical cycle, defining the chronology of hydrothermal explosions and their relation to glacial cycles, defining possible links between hydrothermal activity, deformation, and seismicity; quantifying geyser dynamics; and the discovery of extensive hydrothermal activity in Yellowstone Lake. Discussion of these many advances forms the basis of this review.

Composition of Gases from the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park, USA; Evidence for a Mamgmatic Source Near Mammoth Hot Springs

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Author : Yousif K. Kharaka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Composition of Gases from the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park, USA; Evidence for a Mamgmatic Source Near Mammoth Hot Springs by : Yousif K. Kharaka

Download or read book Composition of Gases from the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park, USA; Evidence for a Mamgmatic Source Near Mammoth Hot Springs written by Yousif K. Kharaka and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammoth Hot Springs has one of the highest thermal water and gas discharges of the thermal areas outside the 0.6 Ma Yellowstone caldera. Thermal waters with surface temperatures of up to 73°C and calculated subsurface temperatures of about 100°C issue from nearly 100 hot springs scattered over a score of steplike travertine terraces that range in age from about 0.4 Ma to recent. Hydrologic and tracer tests conducted in 1989-1991 indicate that a very large flow, about 590 L/s, of thermal water from the Mammoth system enters the Gardner River. The heat flux from this system is comparable to that from the Norris Geyser Basin. The isotopic and chemical compositions of thermal waters and solutes from the Norris-Mammoth corridor can be interpreted to indicate a common magmatic source for heat and volatile solutes located near Norris for the entire corridor. However, the chemical and isotopic compositions of gases in general, and the distribution of ^3He/^4He ratios that could indicated proximity to a magmatic source in the corridor are obtained from Mammoth Hot Springs (R/Ra [less than or equal to] 8.4) and Norris Geyser Bason (R/Ra [less than or equal to] 9.0). A Norris to Mammoth flow path for the hydrothermal fluids at Mammoth, however, is likely precluded by the fact that fluids from all the six major thermal areas between them have R/Ra values that are appreciably lower than those from Mammoth Hot Springs.

Stable Isotope Investigation of Fluids and Water-rock Interaction in the Roosevelt Hot Springs Thermal Area, Utah

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Investigation of Fluids and Water-rock Interaction in the Roosevelt Hot Springs Thermal Area, Utah by :

Download or read book Stable Isotope Investigation of Fluids and Water-rock Interaction in the Roosevelt Hot Springs Thermal Area, Utah written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-hydrogen-oxygen isotope compositions have been measured in regional cold waters, geothermal fluids, and hydrothermally altered rocks from the Roosevelt Hot Springs geothermal area. These data have been used, in conjunction with other geological and geochemical data from this geothermal system, to place some limits on the origin of geothermal fluids and reservoir carbon, the fluid recharge area, physical-chemical environment of hydrothermal alteration, and relative permeability of the geothermal system. The similarity of hydrogen isotope compositions of local meteoric water and geothermal reservoir fluid indicate that the geothermal fluids are virtually entirely of surface derivation. An isotopically reasonable source area would be the Mineral Mountains directly to the east of the Roosevelt system. Hydrothermal calcite appears to be in isotopic equilibrium with the deep reservoir fluid. The deltaC/sup 13/ values of deep calcites and T- pH-f0/sub 2/ conditions of the reservoir defined by measured temperature, fluid chemistry, and alteration mineralogy fix the delta/sup 13/C value of the geothermal system to -5 to -6.5% (PDB). These values do not unambiguously define any one source or process, however. There is a relatively small increase in /sup 18/O of geothermal fluids relative to their cold surface water precursors and significant /sup 18/O depletion accompanying hydrothermal alteration of the granitic host rock. These isotopic shifts indicate a high ratio of geothermal fluid to altered rock for the geothermal system, implying relatively rapid (geologically) recirculation rates and significant permeability of the geothermal system.

Radiogenic and Stable Isotope Studies of Hot-spring Deposits in Yellowstone National Park and Their Genetic Implications

Author : William Prescott Leeman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiogenic and Stable Isotope Studies of Hot-spring Deposits in Yellowstone National Park and Their Genetic Implications by : William Prescott Leeman

Download or read book Radiogenic and Stable Isotope Studies of Hot-spring Deposits in Yellowstone National Park and Their Genetic Implications written by William Prescott Leeman and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Heat and Mass Transport in a Vapor Dominated Hydrothermal Area in Yellowstone National Park, USA

Author : Claire Bouligand
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Heat and Mass Transport in a Vapor Dominated Hydrothermal Area in Yellowstone National Park, USA by : Claire Bouligand

Download or read book Heat and Mass Transport in a Vapor Dominated Hydrothermal Area in Yellowstone National Park, USA written by Claire Bouligand and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems are characterized by localized and elevated heat and gas flux. In these systems, steam and gas ascend from a boiling water reservoir, steam condenses beneath a low-permeability cap layer, and liquid water descends, driven by gravity (?heat pipe? model). We combine magnetic, electromagnetic, and geoelectrical methods and CO2 flux and subsurface temperature measurements in the Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area in the Yellowstone Caldera to address several fundamental questions: (1) What are the structural and/or lithological controls on heat and mass transport in vapor-dominated areas? (2) What is the geometry and size of convecting multiphase thermal plumes? (3) Are thermal plumes associated with subsurface rock alteration and demagnetization? Magnetic and electromagnetic data inversions suggest an asymmetric 50- to 100-m thick basin of glacial deposits with the thickest part adjacent to the margin of a rhyolite flow. The 3-D electrical conductivity model in the glacial basin reveals a narrow vertical conductor interpreted as a focused multiphase plume, which coincides at the ground surface with the heat and CO2 flux maxima. The magnetic data suggest that destruction of magnetic minerals due to rock alteration associated with the hydrothermal plume occurs mainly near the ground surface. We propose a model where the buoyant multiphase plume forms in response to decompression, boiling, and phase separation of pressurized thermal groundwater that discharges from the brecciated base of a rhyolite flow into the basin of glacial deposits. Results from multiphase groundwater flow and heat transport numerical simulations corroborate the first-order characteristics of this model.

Origins of Geothermal Gases at Yellowstone

Author : Jacob B. Lowenstern
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Origins of Geothermal Gases at Yellowstone by : Jacob B. Lowenstern

Download or read book Origins of Geothermal Gases at Yellowstone written by Jacob B. Lowenstern and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas emissions at the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field (YPVF) reflect open-system mixing of gas species originating from diverse rock types, magmas, and crustal fluids, all combined in varying proportions at different thermal areas. Gases are not necessarily in chemical equilibrium with the waters through which they vent, especially in acid sulfate terrain where bubbles stream through stagnant acid water. Gases in adjacent thermal areas often can be differentiated by isotopic and gas ratios, and cannot be tied to one another solely by shallow processes such as boiling-induced fractionation of a parent liquid. Instead, they inherit unique gas ratios (e.g., CH4/He) from the dominant rock reservoirs where they originate, some of which underlie the Quaternary volcanic rocks. Steam/gas ratios (essentially H2O/CO2) of Yellowstone fumaroles correlate with Ar/He and N2/CO2, strongly suggesting that H2O/CO2 is controlled by addition of steam boiled from water rich in atmospheric gases. Moreover, H2O/CO2 varies systematically with geographic location, such that boiling is more enhanced in some areas than others. The [delta]13C and 3He/CO2 of gases reflect a dominant mantle origin for CO2 in Yellowstone gas. The mantle signature is most evident at Mud Volcano, which hosts gases with the lowest H2O/CO2, lowest CH4 concentrations and highest He isotope ratios (~ 16Ra), consistent with either a young subsurface intrusion or less input of crustal and meteoric gas than any other location at Yellowstone. Across the YPVF, He isotope ratios (3He/4He) inversely vary with He concentrations, and reflect varied amounts of long-stored, radiogenic He added to the magmatic endmember within the crust. Similarly, addition of CH4 from organic-rich sediments is common in the eastern thermal areas at Yellowstone. Overall, Yellowstone gases reflect addition of deep, high-temperature magmatic gas (CO2-rich), lower-temperatures crustal gases (4He- and CH4-bearing), and those gases (N2, Ne, Ar) added principally through boiling of the meteoric-water-derived geothermal liquid found in the upper few kilometers. We also briefly explore the pathways by which Cl, F, and S, move through the crust.