Drag Reduction With The Aid Of Air Bubbles And Additives

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Drag Reduction with the Aid of Air Bubbles and Additives

Author : Pouria Baghaei
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Reduction with the Aid of Air Bubbles and Additives by : Pouria Baghaei

Download or read book Drag Reduction with the Aid of Air Bubbles and Additives written by Pouria Baghaei and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of additives on friction loss in upward turbulent flow was investigated in this experimental study. Additives such as air bubbles, frother and polymer were added to water flow to study their influence on the friction factor. In order to perform this research an experimental set-up was designed and developed. The test sections of the set-up consisted of three vertical pipes of different diameters. The set-up was equipped with three pressure transducers, a magnetic flowmeter, gas spargers and a gas rotameter. The first phase of the experimental program involved calibration of the various devices and pipelines test-sections. The single-phase pressure loss data obtained from the pipelines exhibited good agreement with the standard equations. The second phase of the experimental program dealt with the effect of air bubbles and additives (frother and polymer) on drag reduction in turbulent flows. The experimental results showed that bubbles in the range of 1 mm-3 mm increased the wall shear stress. Therefore, no drag-reduction effect was observed. On the contrary, a significant increase in friction factor was observed at low Reynolds numbers as a result of larger bubble sizes and lower turbulence intensities. The friction factor at low Reynolds numbers could be decreased by decreasing the bubble size by addition of frother to the flow system. The combination of polymer and air bubbles showed a drag reduction of up to 60%. It is also evident from the experiment results that the addition of polymer to bubbly flow system leads to fully homogeneous mixture.

Drag Reduction

Author : Pouria Baghaei
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659219443
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Reduction by : Pouria Baghaei

Download or read book Drag Reduction written by Pouria Baghaei and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drag reduction is a remarkable ability to reduce the frictional resistance in the turbulent flow by adding a low concentration of certain additives, drag reducing additive agents (DRA). High costs of fluid transportation (such as pumping the liquids into the pipelines) in production processes has made drag reduction subject of lots of research in the past decades. Several studies have been carried out on reducing the friction factor in flow system using different drag reducing agents. However, there are a few investigations carried out on the effects of combining two or more DRAs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different additives on drag reduction using various methods. Effects of Polymer, Air bubbles, Aerofroth, and their combination have been investigated through the experimental study.

Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives

Author : Feng-Chen Li
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118181115
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives by : Feng-Chen Li

Download or read book Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives written by Feng-Chen Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turbulent drag reduction by additives has long been a hot research topic. This phenomenon is inherently associated with multifold expertise. Solutions of drag-reducing additives are usually viscoelastic fluids having complicated rheological properties. Exploring the characteristics of drag-reduced turbulent flows calls for uniquely designed experimental and numerical simulation techniques and elaborate theoretical considerations. Pertinently understanding the turbulent drag reduction mechanism necessities mastering the fundamentals of turbulence and establishing a proper relationship between turbulence and the rheological properties induced by additives. Promoting the applications of the drag reduction phenomenon requires the knowledge from different fields such as chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, municipal engineering, and so on. This book gives a thorough elucidation of the turbulence characteristics and rheological behaviors, theories, special techniques and application issues for drag-reducing flows by surfactant additives based on the state-of-the-art of scientific research results through the latest experimental studies, numerical simulations and theoretical analyses. Covers turbulent drag reduction, heat transfer reduction, complex rheology and the real-world applications of drag reduction Introduces advanced testing techniques, such as PIV, LDA, and their applications in current experiments, illustrated with multiple diagrams and equations Real-world examples of the topic’s increasingly important industrial applications enable readers to implement cost- and energy-saving measures Explains the tools before presenting the research results, to give readers coverage of the subject from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints Consolidates interdisciplinary information on turbulent drag reduction by additives Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives is geared for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the fields of Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering, Turbulence, Chemical Engineering, Municipal Engineering. Researchers and practitioners involved in the fields of Flow Control, Chemistry, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Experimental Fluid Dynamics, and Rheology will also find this book to be a much-needed reference on the topic.

Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives

Author : A. Gyr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401712956
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives by : A. Gyr

Download or read book Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives written by A. Gyr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives is the first treatment of the subject in book form. The treatment is extremely broad, ranging from physicochemical to hydromechanical aspects. The book shows how fibres, polymer molecules or surfactants at very dilute concentrations can reduce the drag of turbulent flow, leading to energy savings. The dilute solutions are considered in terms of the physical chemistry and rheology, and the properties of turbulent flows are presented in sufficient detail to explain the various interaction mechanisms. Audience: Those active in fundamental research on turbulence and those seeking to apply the effects described. Fluid mechanical engineers, rheologists, those interested in energy saving methods, or in any other application in which the flow rate in turbulent flow should be increased.

Drag Reduction of Complex Mixtures

Author : Keizo Watanabe
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128099429
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Reduction of Complex Mixtures by : Keizo Watanabe

Download or read book Drag Reduction of Complex Mixtures written by Keizo Watanabe and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drag Reduction of Complex Mixtures discusses the concept of drag reduction phenomena in complex mixtures in internal and external flows that are shown experimentally by dividing flow patterns into three categories. The book is intended to support further experiments or analysis in drag reduction. As accurately modeling flow behavior with drag reduction is always complex, and since drag reducing additives or solid particles are mixed in fluids, this book covers these complex phenomena in a concise, but comprehensive manner. - Comprehensively addresses a range of drag reduction themes involving different kinds of complex mixtures - Provides data to support further experimentation and computer modeling of drag in complex flow - Includes an introduction to the nature and characteristics of different kinds of complex mixtures

NBS Special Publication

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1562 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis NBS Special Publication by :

Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Viscous Drag Reduction

Author : C. Sinclair Wells
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1489955798
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Viscous Drag Reduction by : C. Sinclair Wells

Download or read book Viscous Drag Reduction written by C. Sinclair Wells and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mitigation Of Hydrodynamic Resistance: Methods To Reduce Hydrodynamic Drag

Author : Marc Perlin
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814612278
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitigation Of Hydrodynamic Resistance: Methods To Reduce Hydrodynamic Drag by : Marc Perlin

Download or read book Mitigation Of Hydrodynamic Resistance: Methods To Reduce Hydrodynamic Drag written by Marc Perlin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-11-18 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents the state of the art in friction drag/resistance reduction technologies for BODIES and crafts operating in liquids at and beneath the free surface. It is useful for professionals with backgrounds in advanced fluid dynamics as well as by academics teaching introductory graduate courses in this area. Active control of resistance will include a discussion of friction reduction, for example through the injection of gas that can form air layers and polymers that initially reside adjacent to the hull, including the use of partial and super cavities. The book discusses passive resistance control achieved through changes in the overall hull shape and appendages, including the application of lifting bodies, bulbous bows, and stern flaps. It also addresses passive reduction of skin friction through the application of hull coatings and other elements of hull husbandry.

Drag Reduction by Additives

Author : A. White
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780900983580
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (835 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Reduction by Additives by : A. White

Download or read book Drag Reduction by Additives written by A. White and published by . This book was released on 1976-01-01 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Drag Reduction to Additives: a Review and Bibliography

Author : BHRA (Association)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (711 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Reduction to Additives: a Review and Bibliography by : BHRA (Association)

Download or read book Drag Reduction to Additives: a Review and Bibliography written by BHRA (Association) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Marine Technology and Sustainable Development: Green Innovations

Author : Olanrewaju, Oladokun Sulaiman
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466643188
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Technology and Sustainable Development: Green Innovations by : Olanrewaju, Oladokun Sulaiman

Download or read book Marine Technology and Sustainable Development: Green Innovations written by Olanrewaju, Oladokun Sulaiman and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water covers more than 70% of the Earths surface, making maritime influences an important consideration in evaluating modern global economic systems. Therefore, the efficient design, operation, and management of maritime systems are important for sustainable marine technology development and green innovation. Marine Technology and Sustainable Development: Green Innovations examines theoretical frameworks and empirical research in the maritime industry, evaluating new technologies, methodologies, and practices against a backdrop of sustainability. This critical reference encourages the discussion and exploration of diverse opinions on the benefits and challenges of new marine technologies essential for marine and maritime professionals, researchers, and scholars hoping to improve their understanding of environmental considerations in preserving the worlds oceanic resources.

Drag Reduction by Ejecting Additive Solutions Into a Pure-water Boundary Layer

Author : Jin Wu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Reduction by Ejecting Additive Solutions Into a Pure-water Boundary Layer by : Jin Wu

Download or read book Drag Reduction by Ejecting Additive Solutions Into a Pure-water Boundary Layer written by Jin Wu and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drag reduction caused by ejecting additive solutions from a slot into a pure-water boundary layer on a flat plate was systematically studied. Results include drag measurements for a plane boundary, smooth and rough, with various openings of the slot and with various concentrations and discharges of the ejected additive solution. Conclusions were drawn on the additive requirement in external flows and on the ejection technique for an optimum drag reduction.

Hydraulic Research in the United States and Canada

Author : United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Hydraulic Research in the United States and Canada by : United States. National Bureau of Standards

Download or read book Hydraulic Research in the United States and Canada written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Drag Reduction in Fluid Flows

Author : Robert H. J. Sellin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Reduction in Fluid Flows by : Robert H. J. Sellin

Download or read book Drag Reduction in Fluid Flows written by Robert H. J. Sellin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

High Reynolds Number Micro-Bubble and Polymer Drag Reduction Experiments

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis High Reynolds Number Micro-Bubble and Polymer Drag Reduction Experiments by :

Download or read book High Reynolds Number Micro-Bubble and Polymer Drag Reduction Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This effort was a continuation of the joint ONR and DARPA programs of the PI and Co-PI's, initiated as part of the DARPA Friction Drag Reduction Program (ATO/TTO). The purpose of the investigation was to examine the physics and engineering of friction drag reduction methods for turbulent boundary layers (TBL) found in hydrodynamic flows. Three methods of friction drag reduction (FDR) were examined: * Polymer Drag Reduction * Micro-bubble Drag Reduction * Air Layer Drag Reduction.

DNS of Turbulent Drag Reduction Using Micro-bubbles

Author : J. Xu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis DNS of Turbulent Drag Reduction Using Micro-bubbles by : J. Xu

Download or read book DNS of Turbulent Drag Reduction Using Micro-bubbles written by J. Xu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Drag Reduction Using Trapped Bubbles on a Submerged Flat Plate Surface

Author : Kelly Ann Stephani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (857 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Reduction Using Trapped Bubbles on a Submerged Flat Plate Surface by : Kelly Ann Stephani

Download or read book Drag Reduction Using Trapped Bubbles on a Submerged Flat Plate Surface written by Kelly Ann Stephani and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drag reduction using an array of thousands of tiny trapped bubbles on a submerged flat plate was investigated. The objective was to determine if viscous drag reduction could be obtained by replacing portions of the solid no-slip surface of the plate with areas of near-slip formed by the bubbles. Drag measurements were obtained for two different trapped bubble configurations. The first configuration involved a large bubble trapped on the bottom surface of a horizontally mounted plate, which provides insight as to the maximum drag reduction obtainable using the trapped bubble concept. The second configuration involved a trapped bubble array (TBA), which uses electrolysis to grow and maintain bubbles on the plate surface in thousands of tiny conductive holes. The TBA experiments are conducted on a vertically mounted plate, which demonstrates the versatility of this drag reduction method. Drag measurements over a range of Reynolds numbers were made on different plate configurations using three independent measurement techniques; the reliability of these results are demonstrated by agreement among the measured drag values as well as good agreement with an analytic turbulent flat plate solution. The large trapped bubble configuration showed an increase in drag reduction with increasing Reynolds number and demonstrated a maximum drag reduction of 32% corresponding to a slip bubble region covering 35% of the wetted plate surface. The trapped bubble array results were inconclusive. Total drag measurements on the plate agree among themselves and with the turbulent flat plate solution; however uncertainty analysis revealed drag measurement accuracy of only "0.02 N at best using the proximity sensor measurement system. In general, the difference in drag on the flat plate with and without bubbles as indicated by the proximity sensor was less than 0.02 N, thus it is impossible to determine if the tiny trapped bubbles did indeed provide drag reduction. The temporal evolution of drag reduction using the trapped bubble array was also studied, but changes in drag appeared to be within the noise of the drag measurements. Finally, the efficiency of this drag reduction method was investigated in the laboratory setting. The trapped bubbles used in this drag reduction method are formed on the plate surface by electrolysis in the conductive holes, but not all of the gas produced in this process collects to form the trapped bubbles, and some energy is dissipated due to resistance in the water. To quantify the efficiency of this system, bubble formation efficiency plots (which map power input as a function of time to fill the bubble plate) were analytically determined and compared to the actual time to fill the bubble plate for various power input levels. The system approaches maximum (~95%) efficiency at lower power input levels (7.22 W/m2), requiring approximately 15 minutes to fill the bubble plate; conversely, the plate approaches 50% efficiency at high power input level (262 W/m2) while the plate fills within 2 minutes.