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Does Theta Burst Stimulation Of The Human Primary Motor Cortex Affect Motor Function
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Book Synopsis Does Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Primary Motor Cortex Affect Motor Function? by : Suzanne M. McAllister
Download or read book Does Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Primary Motor Cortex Affect Motor Function? written by Suzanne M. McAllister and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex by : Lizbeth Cárdenas-Morales
Download or read book Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex written by Lizbeth Cárdenas-Morales and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last years repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used as a tool for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanisms by which it exerts its effects and the modulation that it induces in the brain are not completely understood. This book offers an overview of a novel form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation called theta-burst applied over the human motor cortex. Molecular findings in animal models as well as clinical applications are described and discussed. Furthermore, it provides evidence for the modulation of neural activity induced by theta-burst by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during human motor activity. The data suggest that the combination of theta-burst and fMRI might be useful to monitor treatment effects, which may have clinical implications.
Book Synopsis Effects of Theta-burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex by : Lizbeth Karina Cárdenas-Morales
Download or read book Effects of Theta-burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex written by Lizbeth Karina Cárdenas-Morales and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transcranial Brain Stimulation by : Carlo Miniussi
Download or read book Transcranial Brain Stimulation written by Carlo Miniussi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-03 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), these non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been used to investigate the state of cortical excitability, and the excitability of the cortico-cortical and corticospinal pathways. In addition, these techniques have been found
Book Synopsis Brain Stimulation by : Classen Joseph
Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by Classen Joseph and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been used to study neuronal plasticity. Mostly, noninvasive techniques have been employed, and the bulk of studies have focused on the motor system, because its physiology is more readily accessible and physiological properties can be studied with greater detail than in other systems. In many of the protocols, general conclusions have been drawn from the motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex. Several of the phenomena induced by noninvasive brain stimulation have been mapped on to cellular physiological mechanisms such as synaptic long-term potentiation or long-term depression. Although some parallelisms are intriguing, this approach has also its limitations, and more direct verification of physiological phenomena by animal studies is needed.
Book Synopsis Towards Establishing Long-lasting Neuroplastic Change in the Human Primary Motor Cortex by : Mitchell Ryan Goldsworthy
Download or read book Towards Establishing Long-lasting Neuroplastic Change in the Human Primary Motor Cortex written by Mitchell Ryan Goldsworthy and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroplasticity is critical for learning, memory, and recovery of lost function following neurological insult. Whilst non-invasive brain stimulation techniques capable of inducing these neuroplastic changes within the human cortex could be therapeutically beneficial for a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions, the short duration, instability, and variability of induced effects limits their therapeutic potential. This thesis has investigated approaches to enhance the duration, stability, and consistency of the neuroplastic response to non-invasive brain stimulation protocols applied to the human primary motor cortex. The neuroplasticity-inducing paradigm employed throughout this thesis was continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) paradigm shown to suppress human motor cortical excitability. Studies in animals have shown the repeated, spaced application of stimulation protocols to prolong the duration of experimentally-induced synaptic plasticity. Therefore, Chapter 2 examined whether the spaced application of repeated cTBS protocols enhanced the lifetime of induced neuroplastic effects within the human primary motor cortex. Whilst the neuroplastic response to a single cTBS protocol was minimal, paired cTBS protocols spaced 10 min apart induced a strong suppression of motor cortical excitability that lasted for at least 2 h. A further set of experiments were performed to determine the possible contribution of the inhibitory motor networks to this enhanced neuroplastic response (Chapter 3). Although paired cTBS reduced the excitability of GABAA-[A- subscript]mediated inhibitory motor networks, this effect was only modest. Also, paired cTBS had no effect on GABAB-[B-subscript] mediated inhibition. These findings suggest that the enhanced neuroplastic response to paired cTBS was likely the result of greater suppression within excitatory motor networks rather than a facilitation of inhibitory motor networks. In addition to prolonging the duration of experimentally-induced synaptic plasticity, the repeated application of stimulation protocols has also been shown to consolidate these plastic changes in animal models, making them resistant to reversal by subsequent behaviourally-relevant physiological activity. In Chapter 4, I investigated whether the neuroplastic response to paired cTBS was similarly resistant to reversal by behavioural engagement of the stimulated motor regions. Whilst a voluntary activation of the targeted hand muscles reversed the neuroplastic response to a single cTBS protocol, the long-lasting neuroplastic response to paired cTBS was resistant to the same reversal effects. These results suggest that, similar to animal models of synaptic plasticity, the neuroplasticity induced by cTBS may be consolidated when repeated protocols are applied in a spaced manner. Although Chapters 2, 3, and 4 show a long-lasting and robust response to repeated cTBS protocols, the neuroplastic response to a single cTBS was highly variable between subjects. This may have been due, in part, to non-optimal stimulation characteristics. Therefore, the experiments described in Chapter 5 compared the efficacy of the standard cTBS paradigm (cTBSstd [std subscript]) to that of a slightly modified variant (cTBSmod [mod subscript]). Compared to cTBSstd [std subscript], cTBSmod-[mod- subscript]induced neuroplasticity was highly consistent between subjects, suggesting that this may be the more effective neuroplasticity-inducing paradigm. This thesis demonstrates approaches for inducing long-lasting neuroplastic changes within the human primary motor cortex. These findings have important implications for the therapeutic application of rTMS.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation to the Occipital Cortex on Brain Biomarkers Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy by : Karlene Sara Stoby
Download or read book The Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation to the Occipital Cortex on Brain Biomarkers Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy written by Karlene Sara Stoby and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a type of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), uses repeated high-frequency bursts to induce neural noise in the cortex. An intermittent TBS (iTBS) protocol is generally considered excitatory, while continuous TBS (cTBS) is generally considered inhibitory. TBS effects are highly variable and have been primarily studied in the primary motor cortex (M1). We investigated the effects of iTBS and cTBS to the primary visual cortex (V1) on occipital Glx (glutamate and glutamine composite) and GABA+ (gamma-aminobutyric acid and macromolecules composite) concentrations compared to sham stimulation. Thirty participants received a single session of individual stereotaxically-guided TBS to the V1. Participants received either cTBS, iTBS or sham TBS. GABA+ and Glx were measured at the stimulation site using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Baseline pre-TBS GABA+ and Glx levels were compared to those immediately post- and one hour post-TBS. The results show a trend for a decrease in GABA+ immediately following cTBS compared to one hour post-TBS and a trend for an increase in Glx immediately following iTBS compared to one hour-post TBS. There was also an increase in GABA+ from baseline to one hour-post TBS and a trend for an increase in GABA+ and Glx composite ratio levels following sham. Since there was a lack of systematic trends in the data, we suspect there is no relevant change from a single session of TBS to neurotransmitter levels in the V1. Perhaps, only repeated application of TBS may lead to substantial benefits. This indicates that a single session of TBS can be used safely in the laboratory without effects on neurotransmitter levels in the V1.
Book Synopsis Progress in Motor Control by : Dagmar Sternad
Download or read book Progress in Motor Control written by Dagmar Sternad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-25 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking book brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines to discuss the control and coordination of processes involved in perceptually guided actions. The research area of motor control has become an increasingly multidisciplinary undertaking. Understanding the acquisition and performance of voluntary movements in biological and artificial systems requires the integration of knowledge from a variety of disciplines from neurophysiology to biomechanics.
Download or read book Computational Neurostimulation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-16 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Neurostimulation, the latest volume in the Progress in Brain Research series provides an introduction to a nascent field with contributions from leading researchers. In addition, it addresses a very timely and relevant issue which has long been known to require more treatment. Part of a well-established international series that examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging subfields Provides an introduction to a nascent field with contributions from leading researchers
Book Synopsis Uncovering the Role of the Human Primary Motor Cortex in Cardiovascular Control During Exercise by : Julie Weir
Download or read book Uncovering the Role of the Human Primary Motor Cortex in Cardiovascular Control During Exercise written by Julie Weir and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation by : Volker Dietz
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation written by Volker Dietz and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Clinical Neurology series, this textbook will provide the reader with an understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of neurorehabilitation, as well as a clear idea about how (and why) to approach treatment decisions in individual patients.
Book Synopsis Brain Stimulation by : W. Richard Staines
Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by W. Richard Staines and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of brain stimulation research techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has greatly advanced the understanding of the somatosensory system in humans. Over the last several years, several studies have focused on applying TMS in a variety of contexts to alter transiently the excitability of the somatosensory cortex or regions that project to it and exert some control over its activity in specific behavioral contexts. Specific foci that are discussed in this chapter are methods of repetitive TMS, including theta-burst protocols, delivered to the primary somatosensory cortex that have been shown to affect behavioral indices of somatic sensation such as tactile perception. Similar stimulation techniques can also be applied to distant areas that interact with and modulate activity in somatosensory cortex (i.e., attentional or motor networks). For example, suppression of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modifies the attention-modulation of somatosensory information in modality-specific cortices. Overall this chapter is focused on understanding the interaction of activity in systems that function with the somatosensory system in behavioral contexts. These include systems such as those that control attention, whether sustained or selective between sensory modalities, or those that control movement based on targets present in other sensory systems.
Book Synopsis Effect of Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Parietal Cortex on the Excitability of the Upper and Lower Limb in Healthy Young Adults. A Sham-controlled Study by : Alejandra Martinez Moreno
Download or read book Effect of Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Parietal Cortex on the Excitability of the Upper and Lower Limb in Healthy Young Adults. A Sham-controlled Study written by Alejandra Martinez Moreno and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is a cortical region involved in the planning of locomotion and is functionally and anatomically connected to the primary motor cortex (M1). This functional connectivity has previously been assessed with dual-coil TMS (dcTMS), targeting the upper limb. Currently, no studies have investigated the connection between the PPC and the lower limb M1. The objectives of this study were thus to determine the feasibility of measuring lower limb excitability with TMS and to assess the connectivity between the PPC and the M1 of upper and lower limb, with a dcTMS protocol, after modulating the PPC with theta burst stimulation (TBS). Ten healthy young adults (aged 26 ± 4) were recruited. The study consisted of 4 sessions conducted at least 72 hours apart. During the initial session, the hotspot locations for the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and the tibialis anterior (TA) were determined, as well as their motor thresholds. During the following three experimental sessions, participants received either iTBS, cTBS or sham iTBS over the PPC. To quantify the effects of TBS on the PPC, the PPC+M1 connection was assessed with dcTMS, in both hand and leg M1 representations. The dcTMS measurements were acquired immediately before and 0, 20 and 40 minutes after TBS. Our results demonstrate that increasing the excitability of the PPC resulted in a delayed increase of the excitability of the TA, 40 minutes after PPC modulation by TBS. It is feasible to stimulate the TA M1 region and measure its excitability by its motor thresholds, in order to avoid excluding a large number of participants, when an MEP response of 0.5 mV is not achieved. We conclude that TBS stimulation on the PPC can provoke remote effects on the TA M1 and delayed after-effects on the TA excitability"--
Book Synopsis Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation by : Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Download or read book Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation written by Alvaro Pascual-Leone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial Magnetic Stimul0tion (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that has revolutionised the study of the human nervous system allowing in-depth investigations of complex voluntary motor control pathways. Today, many of the techniques used in TMS have become routine in clinical electrophysiological assessments. As an investigative tool, its application ranges from clinical diagnostics to cognitive research. Now the use of repetitive TMS (rTMS) is gaining support amongst psychiatrists as evidence suggests that it may provide an alternative to ECT in treating depression and other psychiatric disorders. This handbook brings together the basic science, fundamental principles, and essential procedures of TMS needed by all those useing or planning to use the technique clinically or in research. The final two sections focus upon current up to date knowledge of applications of the technique. Written in a digestible style by world authorities in different related specialties, the Handbook of TMS will be a valuable and comprehensive guide for clinical neurophysiologists, neuropsychiatrists, neurologists and psychiatrists.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation on Biceps Corticomotor Excitability in Non-impaired Individuals and Individuals with Tetraplegia by : Blaize Majdic
Download or read book The Effect of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation on Biceps Corticomotor Excitability in Non-impaired Individuals and Individuals with Tetraplegia written by Blaize Majdic and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuromodulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) in pair with physical therapy may be a promising method for improving motor outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI). Increased excitability of the corticospinal motor pathways (i.e. corticomotor excitability) has shown to be associated with improved motor learning and skill acquisition. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation which can increase corticomotor excitability, as measured by an increase in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). However, the ability for iTBS to increase the corticomotor excitability of proximal muscles such as the biceps, and muscles affected by spinal cord injury is currently unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present studies was to determine the effect of iTBS on the corticomotor excitability of the biceps, as measured by MEP amplitudes, in non-impaired individuals and individuals with tetraplegia. Participants completed three sessions of the protocol, each including sham and active iTBS. Sessions were separated by a minimum of three days to prevent the potential for carry over effects. Results showed no change in nMEP amplitude after either sham or active iTBS in the non-impaired group. However, the SCI group showed an increase in nMEP amplitude after active iTBS relative to sham, suggesting an increase in corticomotor excitability. While further research is needed before combinatorial therapies can be achieved, this study suggests that iTBS may be a promising method for improving motor function in those with tetraplegia.
Book Synopsis Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex by : Gregory R. Bock
Download or read book Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprises the proceedings of a symposium held at the Ciba Foundation, London, February 1987. Addresses main issues and new techniques in the study of motor areas of the cerebral cortex in humans and animals. Reviews the historical development of the study of cortical structure and function, examines anatomical connections of motor areas, and surveys physiological studies of cortical areas in conscious primates. Also considers the effects of cortical lesions, and discusses clinical and experimental results on disorders of motor control.
Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation by : Eric Wassermann
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation written by Eric Wassermann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial stimulation comprises an important set of techniques for investigating brain function, some of which promise to treat diseases. This book provides a review of the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation, for neuroscientists, neurologists, and psychiatrists.
