Does Immigration Hurt African American Self Employment

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Does Immigration Hurt African-American Self-employment?

Author : Robert W. Fairlie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Does Immigration Hurt African-American Self-employment? by : Robert W. Fairlie

Download or read book Does Immigration Hurt African-American Self-employment? written by Robert W. Fairlie and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies tend to find that immigration has a weak negative effect on the employment and earnings of native-born workers. These studies overlook the effect of immigration on an important sector of the labor force, the self- employed. Anecdotal evidence suggests that immigrants, especially those from Asian countries, may displace black-owned business owners. We use Census of Population microdata to examine if black self-employment levels are lower in labor markets which have a higher share of immigrants. We define labor markets as metropolitan areas (MAs) and use the variation across 94 MAs in the U.S. to examine the relationship between black self-employment and immigration in both 1980 and 1990. To control for permanent differences across MAs in other we also estimate the effect of the change in immigration from 1980 to 1990 on the change in black self-employment over this period. We generally find that immigration has no effect or only a small negative but statistically insignificant effect on black male or female self-employment. Our findings are similar if we weight immigration rates by the propensity of immigrant groups to be self-employed, if we limit our sample of immigrants to those from only Asian countries, and if we try other alternative estimation techniques and specifications.

Help or Hindrance?

Author : Daniel S. Hammermesh
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610442644
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Help or Hindrance? by : Daniel S. Hammermesh

Download or read book Help or Hindrance? written by Daniel S. Hammermesh and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1998-05-15 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With recent immigration at a near record high, many observers fear that African Americans, particularly those in low skill jobs, are increasingly losing out to immigrants in the American labor market. Because today's immigrants are largely non-European and non-white, there is also speculation that their presence will intensify the competition for housing and educational opportunities among minority groups. Help or Hindrance? probes the foundation of these concerns with the first comprehensive investigation into the effects of immigration on African Americans. With detailed economic analysis of African American job prospects, benefits, and working conditions, Help or Hindrance? demonstrates that although immigration does not appear to have affected the actual employment rate of blacks, it has contributed slightly to the widening gap between the annual earnings of black and white males. Those near the lowest skills level appear most affected, suggesting that the most likely losers are workers with abilities similar to those of immigrants. With many employers moving away from cities, access to housing and problems of segregation have also become integral to success in the job market. And within black neighborhoods themselves, the establishment of small immigrant businesses has raised concerns that these may hinder local residents from starting up similar ventures. Help or Hindrance? also examines how immigration has affected the educational attainment of African Americans. Increased competition for college affirmative action and remedial programs has noticeably reduced African Americans' access to college places and scholarships. Help or Hindrance? offers compelling evidence that although immigration has in many ways benefited parts of American society, it has had a cumulatively negative effect on the economic prospects of African Americans. In concluding chapters, this volume provides an overview of possible policy interventions and evaluates them within the current social and political climate. Because the long-term impact of current immigration on social welfare remains unknown solutions are far from clear. Help or Hindrance? provides a valuable benchmark for discussion of immigration and racial equity in a time of rapid population change.

Race, Self-Employment, and Upward Mobility

Author : Timothy Mason Bates
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801857997
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (579 download)

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Book Synopsis Race, Self-Employment, and Upward Mobility by : Timothy Mason Bates

Download or read book Race, Self-Employment, and Upward Mobility written by Timothy Mason Bates and published by Woodrow Wilson Center Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refuting traditional notions about entrepreneurship and opportunity, scholar Timothy Bates finds that across all racial and ethnic lines, self-employment and upward mobility mainly are open to those who are educated, skilled, and with significant financial resources. Bates's analysis is based largely on the massive Characteristics of Business Owners survey compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau.

The Impact of Immigration on African Americans

Author : Steven Shulman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351481002
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Immigration on African Americans by : Steven Shulman

Download or read book The Impact of Immigration on African Americans written by Steven Shulman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigration has significant consequences for all Americans, but especially for African Americans.áThe sheer magnitude of immigration--it is the primary factor driving population growth--is so large that it directly or indirectly affects the economic, political, social, and environmental circumstances of most Americans.áBut the geographic concentration of immigrants in urban areas, and the economic concentration of immigrants in the low-wage sector of the labor market, have special consequences for African Americans since they are especially likely to live in urban areas and to be low-wage workers.These effects can be both negative and positive. Immigration has sharply increased the supply of labor into the low-wage sector of the labor market, which tends to reduce wages and employment opportunities for low-wage native workers. Employers may prefer hiring immigrants, who are perceived to be hard working and uncomplaining, to hiring African Americans. Immigrants can also increase the competition for scarce public services (especially education) on which African Americans depend. Yet immigration can also stimulate economic growth and urban revitalization, which can increase job opportunities and spread an ideology of multiculturalism. Immigration can dilute the political power of African Americans, but it can also strengthen the civil rights coalition. Immigration can benefit some groups while hurting others.This volume presents research and analysis that reflects and advances the debates about the economic and political consequences of immigration for African Americans. The contributors include Gerald Jaynes (Yale University), Vernon Briggs (Cornell University), Frank Bean and Jennifer Lee (University of California, Irvine), Robert Cherry (Brooklyn College), Manuel Pastor (University of California, Santa Cruz) and Enrique Marcelli (University of Massachusetts, Boston), Steven Camarota (Center for Immigration Studies), Frank Morris (University of Texas, D

Immigration and Immigrants

Author : Michael Fix
Publisher : Urban Institute Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Immigration and Immigrants by : Michael Fix

Download or read book Immigration and Immigrants written by Michael Fix and published by Urban Institute Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Impact of Immigration on African Americans

Author : Steven Shulman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9781138536296
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Immigration on African Americans by : Steven Shulman

Download or read book The Impact of Immigration on African Americans written by Steven Shulman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigration has significant consequences for all Americans, but especially for African Americans.�The sheer magnitude of immigration--it is the primary factor driving population growth--is so large that it directly or indirectly affects the economic, political, social, and environmental circumstances of most Americans.�But the geographic concentration of immigrants in urban areas, and the economic concentration of immigrants in the low-wage sector of the labor market, have special consequences for African Americans since they are especially likely to live in urban areas and to be low-wage workers.These effects can be both negative and positive. Immigration has sharply increased the supply of labor into the low-wage sector of the labor market, which tends to reduce wages and employment opportunities for low-wage native workers. Employers may prefer hiring immigrants, who are perceived to be hard working and uncomplaining, to hiring African Americans. Immigrants can also increase the competition for scarce public services (especially education) on which African Americans depend. Yet immigration can also stimulate economic growth and urban revitalization, which can increase job opportunities and spread an ideology of multiculturalism. Immigration can dilute the political power of African Americans, but it can also strengthen the civil rights coalition. Immigration can benefit some groups while hurting others.This volume presents research and analysis that reflects and advances the debates about the economic and political consequences of immigration for African Americans. The contributors include Gerald Jaynes (Yale University), Vernon Briggs (Cornell University), Frank Bean and Jennifer Lee (University of California, Irvine), Robert Cherry (Brooklyn College), Manuel Pastor (University of California, Santa Cruz) and Enrique Marcelli (University of Massachusetts, Boston), Steven Camarota (Center for Immigration Studies), Frank Morris (University of Texas, Dallas), Steven Shulman (Colorado State University) and Hannes Johannsson (Office of the Comptroller of the Currency), and Lisa Catanzarite (University of California, Los Angeles).

Do Immigrants Work in Riskier Jobs?

Author : Pia M. Orrenius
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437924336
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Do Immigrants Work in Riskier Jobs? by : Pia M. Orrenius

Download or read book Do Immigrants Work in Riskier Jobs? written by Pia M. Orrenius and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent reports suggest that immigrants are more likely to hold jobs with worse working conditions than U.S.-born workers, perhaps because immigrants work in jobs that â¿¿natives donâ¿¿t want.â¿¿ Despite this widespread view, earlier studies have not found immigrants to be in riskier jobs than natives. This study combines individual-level data from the 2003â¿¿2005 American Community Survey on work-related injuries and fatalities to take a fresh look at whether foreign-born workers are employed in more dangerous jobs. The results indicate that immigrants are in fact more likely to work in risky jobs than U.S.-born workers, partly due to differences in average characteristics, such as immigrantsâ¿¿ lower English language ability and educational attainment. Illus.

Immigration and Opportuntity

Author : Frank D. Bean
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440331
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Immigration and Opportuntity by : Frank D. Bean

Download or read book Immigration and Opportuntity written by Frank D. Bean and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1999-12-09 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American dream of equal opportunity and social mobility still holds a powerful appeal for the many immigrants who arrive in this country each year. but if immigrant success stories symbolize the fulfillment of the American dream, the persistent inequality suffered by native-born African Americans demonstrates the dream's limits. Although the experience of blacks and immigrants in the United States are not directly comparable, their fates are connected in ways that are seldom recognized. Immigration and Opportunity brings together leading sociologists and demographers to present a systematic account of the many ways in which immigration affects the labor market experiences of native-born African Americans. With the arrival of large numbers of nonwhite immigrants in recent decades, blacks now represent less than 50 percent of the U.S. minority population. Immigration and Opportunity reveals how immigration has transformed relations between minority populations in the United States, creating new forms of labor market competition between native and immigrant minorities. Recent immigrants have concentrated in a handful of port-of-entry cities, breaking up established patterns of residential segregation,and, in some cases, contributing to the migration of native blacks out of these cities. Immigrants have secured many of the occupational niches once dominated by blacks and now pass these jobs on through ethnic hiring networks that exclude natives. At the same time, many native-born blacks find jobs in the public sector, which is closed to those immigrants who lack U.S. citizenship. While recent immigrants have unquestionably brought economic and cultural benefits to U.S. society, this volume makes it clear that the costs of increased immigration falls particularly heavily upon those native-born groups who are already disadvantaged. Even as large-scale immigration transforms the racial and ethnic make-up of U.S. society—forcing us to think about race and ethnicity in new ways—it demands that we pay renewed attention to the entrenched problems of racial disadvantage that still beset native-born African Americans.

The Impact of Illegal Immigration on the Wages and Employment Opportunities of Black Workers

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780160864018
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Illegal Immigration on the Wages and Employment Opportunities of Black Workers by :

Download or read book The Impact of Illegal Immigration on the Wages and Employment Opportunities of Black Workers written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mexican Immigration to the United States

Author : George J. Borjas
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226066681
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Mexican Immigration to the United States by : George J. Borjas

Download or read book Mexican Immigration to the United States written by George J. Borjas and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From debates on Capitol Hill to the popular media, Mexican immigrants are the subject of widespread controversy. By 2003, their growing numbers accounted for 28.3 percent of all foreign-born inhabitants of the United States. Mexican Immigration to the United States analyzes the astonishing economic impact of this historically unprecedented exodus. Why do Mexican immigrants gain citizenship and employment at a slower rate than non-Mexicans? Does their migration to the U.S. adversely affect the working conditions of lower-skilled workers already residing there? And how rapid is the intergenerational mobility among Mexican immigrant families? This authoritative volume provides a historical context for Mexican immigration to the U.S. and reports new findings on an immigrant influx whose size and character will force us to rethink economic policy for decades to come. Mexican Immigration to the United States will be necessary reading for anyone concerned about social conditions and economic opportunities in both countries.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Rethinking Migration

Author : Alejandro Portes
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1845453476
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (454 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Migration by : Alejandro Portes

Download or read book Rethinking Migration written by Alejandro Portes and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2007-07 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes statistical tables.

Immigration and Employment: Substitute Versus Complementary Labor in Selected African Countries

Author : Arina Viseth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781513551937
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Immigration and Employment: Substitute Versus Complementary Labor in Selected African Countries by : Arina Viseth

Download or read book Immigration and Employment: Substitute Versus Complementary Labor in Selected African Countries written by Arina Viseth and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses census and household survey data on Cameroon, Ghana, and South Africa toexamine immigration's impact in the context of a segmented labor market in Sub-SaharanAfrica. We find that immigration affects (i) employment (ii) employment allocation betweeninformal and formal sectors, and (iii) the type of employment within each sector. The directionof the impact depends on the degree of complementarity between immigrants and nativeworkers' skills. Immigration is found to be productivity-enhancing in the short to near term incountries where, the degree of complementarity between immigrants and native workers'skill sets is the highest.

U.S. Immigration Policy on Permanent Admissions

Author : Ruth Ellen Wasem
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437932819
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Immigration Policy on Permanent Admissions by : Ruth Ellen Wasem

Download or read book U.S. Immigration Policy on Permanent Admissions written by Ruth Ellen Wasem and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Overview; (2) Current Law and Policy; Worldwide Immigration Levels; Per-Country Ceilings; Other Permanent Immigration Categories; (3) Admissions Trends: Immigration Patterns, 1900-2008; FY 2008 Admissions; (4) Backlogs and Waiting Times: Visa Processing Dates: Family-Based Visa Priority Dates; Employment-Based Visa Retrogression; Petition Processing Backlogs; (5) Issues and Options in the 111th Congress: Effects of Current Economic Conditions on Legal Immigration; Family-Based Preferences; Permanent Partners; Point System; Immigration Commission; Interaction with Legalization Options; Lifting Per-Country Ceilings. Charts and tables.

Black Identities

Author : Mary C. WATERS
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674044944
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (449 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Identities by : Mary C. WATERS

Download or read book Black Identities written by Mary C. WATERS and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of West Indian immigrants to the United States is generally considered to be a great success. Mary Waters, however, tells a very different story. She finds that the values that gain first-generation immigrants initial success--a willingness to work hard, a lack of attention to racism, a desire for education, an incentive to save--are undermined by the realities of life and race relations in the United States. Contrary to long-held beliefs, Waters finds, those who resist Americanization are most likely to succeed economically, especially in the second generation.

America Becoming

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172489
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis America Becoming by : National Research Council

Download or read book America Becoming written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-25 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 20th Century has been marked by enormous change in terms of how we define race. In large part, we have thrown out the antiquated notions of the 1800s, giving way to a more realistic, sociocultural view of the world. The United States is, perhaps more than any other industrialized country, distinguished by the size and diversity of its racial and ethnic minority populations. Current trends promise that these features will endure. Fifty years from now, there will most likely be no single majority group in the United States. How will we fare as a nation when race-based issues such as immigration, job opportunities, and affirmative action are already so contentious today? In America Becoming, leading scholars and commentators explore past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. This volume presents the most up-to-date findings and analysis on racial and social dynamics, with recommendations for ongoing research. It examines compelling issues in the field of race relations, including: Race and ethnicity in criminal justice. Demographic and social trends for Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Trends in minority-owned businesses. Wealth, welfare, and racial stratification. Residential segregation and the meaning of "neighborhood." Disparities in educational test scores among races and ethnicities. Health and development for minority children, adolescents, and adults. Race and ethnicity in the labor market, including the role of minorities in America's military. Immigration and the dynamics of race and ethnicity. The changing meaning of race. Changing racial attitudes. This collection of papers, compiled and edited by distinguished leaders in the behavioral and social sciences, represents the most current literature in the field. Volume 1 covers demographic trends, immigration, racial attitudes, and the geography of opportunity. Volume 2 deals with the criminal justice system, the labor market, welfare, and health trends, Both books will be of great interest to educators, scholars, researchers, students, social scientists, and policymakers.

Young Children of Black Immigrants in America

Author : Randy Capps
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780983159117
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (591 download)

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Book Synopsis Young Children of Black Immigrants in America by : Randy Capps

Download or read book Young Children of Black Immigrants in America written by Randy Capps and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the well-being and development of children in black immigrant families (most with parents from Africa and the Caribbean). There are 1.3 million such children in the United States. While children in these families account for 11 percent of all black children in America and represent a rapidly growing segment of the U.S. population, they remain largely ignored by researchers. To address this important gap in knowledge, the Migration Policy Institute's (MPI) National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy embarked on a project to study these children from birth to age ten. Chapters include analysis of the changing immigration flow to the United States; the role of family and school relationships in the well-being of African immigrant children; exploration of the effects of ethnicity and foreign-born status on infant health; and parenting behavior, health, and cognitive development among children in black immigrant families. Contributors include Randy Capps (MPI), Dylan Conger (George Washington University), Cati Coe (Rutgers University-Camden), Danielle A. Crosby (University of North Carolina-Greensboro), Angela Valdovinos D'Angelo (University of Chicago), Elizabeth Debraggio (New York University), Fabienne Doucet (Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development), Sarah Dryden-Peterson (University of Toronto), Angelica S. Dunbar (University of North Carolina-Greensboro), Tiffany L. Green (Virginia Commonwealth University), Megan Hatch (George Washington University), Donald J. Hernandez (Hunter College and City University of New York), Margot Jackson (Brown University), Kristen McCabe (MPI), Lauren Rich (University of Chicago), Amy Ellen Schwartz (New York University), Julie Spielberger (University of Chicago), and Kevin J. A. Thomas (Pennsylvania State University).