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Does Effort To Reduce Truck Aerodynamic Drag Joint Experiments And Computations Lead To Smart Design
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Book Synopsis DOE's Effort to Reduce Truck Aerodynamic Drag-Joint Experiments and Computations Lead to Smart Design by : J. Ross
Download or read book DOE's Effort to Reduce Truck Aerodynamic Drag-Joint Experiments and Computations Lead to Smart Design written by J. Ross and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At 70 miles per hour, overcoming aerodynamic drag represents about 65% of the total energy expenditure for a typical heavy truck vehicle. The goal of this US Department of Energy supported consortium is to establish a clear understanding of the drag producing flow phenomena. This is being accomplished through joint experiments and computations, leading to the 'smart' design of drag reducing devices. This paper will describe our objective and approach, provide an overview of our efforts and accomplishments, and discuss our future direction.
Book Synopsis DOE's Effort to Reduce Truck Aerodynamic Drag Through Joint Experiments and Computations by : Rose McCallen
Download or read book DOE's Effort to Reduce Truck Aerodynamic Drag Through Joint Experiments and Computations written by Rose McCallen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles II: Trucks, Buses, and Trains by : Fred Browand
Download or read book The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles II: Trucks, Buses, and Trains written by Fred Browand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is our pleasure to present these proceedings for “The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles II: Trucks, Buses and Trains” International Conference held in Lake - hoe, California, August 26-31, 2007 by Engineering Conferences International (ECI). Brought together were the world’s leading scientists and engineers from industry, universities, and research laboratories, including truck and high-speed train manufacturers and operators. All were gathered to discuss computer simu- tion and experimental techniques to be applied for the design of the more efficient trucks, buses and high-speed trains required in future years. This was the second conference in the series. The focus of the first conference in 2002 was the interplay between computations and experiment in minimizing ae- dynamic drag. The present proceedings, from the 2007 conference, address the development and application of advanced aerodynamic simulation and experim- tal methods for state-of-the-art analysis and design, as well as the development of new ideas and trends holding promise for the coming 10-year time span. Also - cluded, are studies of heavy vehicle aerodynamic tractor and trailer add-on - vices, studies of schemes to delay undesirable flow separation, and studies of - derhood thermal management.
Book Synopsis The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles III by : Andreas Dillmann
Download or read book The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles III written by Andreas Dillmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-19 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains papers presented at the International conference “The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles III: Trucks, Buses and Trains” held in Potsdam, Germany, September 12-17, 2010 by Engineering Conferences International (ECI). Leading scientists and engineers from industry, universities and research laboratories, including truck and high-speed train manufacturers and operators were brought together to discuss computer simulation and experimental techniques to be applied for the design of more efficient trucks, buses and high-speed trains in the future. This conference was the third in the series after Monterey-Pacific Groove in 2002 and Lake Tahoe in 2007.The presentations address different aspects of train aerodynamics (cross wind effects, underbody flow, tunnel aerodynamics and aeroacoustics, experimental techniques), truck aerodynamics (drag reduction, flow control, experimental and computational techniques) as well as computational fluid dynamics and bluff body, wake and jet flows.
Book Synopsis A Reassessment of Heavy-Duty Truck Aerodynamic Design Features and Priorities by : Edwin J. Saltzman
Download or read book A Reassessment of Heavy-Duty Truck Aerodynamic Design Features and Priorities written by Edwin J. Saltzman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis DOE Project on Heavy Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag by :
Download or read book DOE Project on Heavy Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Class 8 tractor-trailers consume 11-12% of the total US petroleum use. At highway speeds, 65% of the energy expenditure for a Class 8 truck is in overcoming aerodynamic drag. The project objective is to improve fuel economy of Class 8 tractor-trailers by providing guidance on methods of reducing drag by at least 25%. A 25% reduction in drag would present a 12% improvement in fuel economy at highway speeds, equivalent to about 130 midsize tanker ships per year. Specific goals include: (1) Provide guidance to industry in the reduction of aerodynamic drag of heavy truck vehicles; (2) Develop innovative drag reducing concepts that are operationally and economically sound; and (3) Establish a database of experimental, computational, and conceptual design information, and demonstrate the potential of new drag-reduction devices. The studies described herein provide a demonstration of the applicability of the experience developed in the analysis of the standard configuration of the Generic Conventional Model. The modeling practices and procedures developed in prior efforts have been applied directly to the assessment of new configurations including a variety of geometric modifications and add-on devices. Application to the low-drag 'GTS' configuration of the GCM has confirmed that the error in predicted drag coefficients increases as the relative contribution of the base drag resulting from the vehicle wake to the total drag increases and it is recommended that more advanced turbulence modeling strategies be applied under those circumstances. Application to a commercially-developed boat tail device has confirmed that this restriction does not apply to geometries where the relative contribution of the base drag to the total drag is reduced by modifying the geometry in that region. Application to a modified GCM geometry with an open grille and radiator has confirmed that the underbody flow, while important for underhood cooling, has little impact on the drag coefficient of the vehicle. Furthermore, the evaluation of the impact of small changes in radiator or grille dimensions has revealed that the total drag is not particularly sensitive to those changes. This observation leads to two significant conclusions. First, a small increase in radiator size to accommodate heat rejection needs related to new emissions restrictions may be tolerated without significant increases in drag losses. Second, efforts to reduce drag on the tractor requires that the design of the entire tractor be treated in an integrated fashion. Simply reducing the size of the grille will not provide the desired result, but the additional contouring of the vehicle as a whole which may be enabled by the smaller radiator could have a more significant effect.
Book Synopsis The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains by : Rose McCallen
Download or read book The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains written by Rose McCallen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-20 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is our pleasure to present these proceedings from the United Engineering Foundation Conference on The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses and Trains held December 2-6, 2002, in Monterey, California. This Department of Energy, United Engineering Foundation, and industry sponsored conference brought together 90 leading engineering researchers from around the world to discuss the aerodynamic drag of heavy vehicles. Participants from national labs, academia, and industry, including truck manufacturers, discussed how computer simulation and experimental techniques could be used to design more fuel efficient trucks, buses, and trains. Conference topics included comparison of computational fluid dynamics calculations using both steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, large-eddy simulation, and hybrid turbulence models and experimental data obtained from the Department of Energy sponsored and other wind tunnel experiments. Advanced experimental techniques including three-dimensional particle image velocimetry were presented, along with their use in evaluating drag reduction devices. We would like to thank the UEF conference organizers for their dedication and quick response to sudden deadlines. In addition, we would like to thank all session chairs, the scientific advisory committee, authors, and reviewers for their many hours of dedicated effort that contributed to a successful conference and resulted in this document of the conference proceedings. We also gratefully acknowledge the support received from the United Engineering Foundation, the US Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Volvo Trucks America, International Truck and Engine Corporation, and Freightliner LLC.
Book Synopsis FY 2004 Annual Report by : C. J. Roy
Download or read book FY 2004 Annual Report written by C. J. Roy and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is: (1) Provide guidance to industry in the reduction of aerodynamic drag of heavy truck vehicles; and (2) Establish a database of experimental, computational, and conceptual design information, and demonstrate potential of new drag-reduction devices. The approaches used were: (1) Develop and demonstrate the ability to simulate and analyze aerodynamic flow around heavy truck vehicles using existing and advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools; (2) Through an extensive experimental effort, generate an experimental data base for code validation; (3) Using experimental data base, validate computations; (4) Provide industry with design guidance and insight into flow phenomena from experiments and computations; and (5) Investigate aero devices (e.g., base flaps, tractor-trailer gap stabilizer, underbody skirts and wedges, blowing and acoustic devices), provide industry with conceptual designs of drag reducing devices, and demonstrate the full-scale fuel economy potential of these devices.
Book Synopsis An Experimental Evaluation of Truck Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Devices by :
Download or read book An Experimental Evaluation of Truck Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781726158817 Total Pages :36 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (588 download)
Book Synopsis A Reassessment of Heavy-Duty Truck Aerodynamic Design Features and Priorities by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book A Reassessment of Heavy-Duty Truck Aerodynamic Design Features and Priorities written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1973 and 1982, the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center conducted "coast-down" tests demonstrating means for reducing the drag of trucks, buses, and motor homes. Numerous configurations were evaluated using a box-shaped test van, a two-axle truck, and a tractor-semitrailer combination. Results from three configurations of the test van are of interest now in view of a trucking industry goal of a 0.25 drag coefficient for tractor-semitrailer combinations. Two test van configurations with blunt-base geometry, similar to present day trucks (one configuration has square front comers and the other has rounded front comers), quantify the base drag increase associated with reduced forebody drag. Hoemer's equations predict this trend; however, test van results, reinforced by large-scale air vehicle data, indicate that Hoemer's formula greatly underestimates this dependence of base drag on forebody efficiency. The demonstrated increase in base drag associated with forebody refinement indicates that the goal of a 0.25 drag coefficient will not be achieved without also reducing afterbody drag. A third configuration of the test van had a truncated boattail to reduce afterbody drag and achieved a drag coefficient of 0.242. These results are included here and references are identified for other means of reducing afterbody drag.Saltzman, Edwin J. and Meyer, Robert R., Jr.Armstrong Flight Research CenterAERODYNAMIC DRAG; RESEARCH; EXPERIMENTATION; DRAG REDUCTION; TRUCKS; TRACTORS; AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS; BASE FLOW; FOREBODIES; INDUSTRIES; PRIORITIES; SHAFTS (MACHINE ELEMENTS)...
Book Synopsis Aerodynamic Design Criteria for Class 8 Heavy Vehicles Trailer Base Devices to Attain Optimum Performance by :
Download or read book Aerodynamic Design Criteria for Class 8 Heavy Vehicles Trailer Base Devices to Attain Optimum Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) as part of its Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), and Vehicle Technologies Program (VTP) effort has investigated class 8 tractor-trailer aerodynamics for many years. This effort has identified many drag producing flow structures around the heavy vehicles and also has designed and tested many new active and passive drag reduction techniques and concepts for significant on the road fuel economy improvements. As part of this effort a database of experimental, computational, and conceptual design for aerodynamic drag reduction devices has been established. The objective of this report is to provide design guidance for trailer base devices to improve their aerodynamic performance. These devices are commonly referred to as boattails, base flaps, tail devices, and etc. The information provided here is based on past research and our most recent full-scale experimental investigations in collaboration with Navistar Inc. Additional supporting data from LLNL/Navistar wind tunnel, track test, and on the road test will be published soon. The trailer base devices can be identified by 4 flat panels that are attached to the rear edges of the trailer base to form a closed cavity. These devices have been engineered in many different forms such as, inflatable and non-inflatable, 3 and 4-sided, closed and open cavity, and etc. The following is an in-depth discussion with some recommendations, based on existing data and current research activities, of changes that could be made to these devices to improve their aerodynamic performance. There are 6 primary factors that could influence the aerodynamic performance of trailer base devices: (1) Deflection angle; (2) Boattail length; (3) Sealing of edges and corners; (4) 3 versus 4-sided, Position of the 4th plate; (5) Boattail vertical extension, Skirt - boattail transition; and (6) Closed versus open cavity.
Book Synopsis The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains by : Rose McCallen
Download or read book The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains written by Rose McCallen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-09 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes the carefully edited contributions to the United Engineering Foundation Conference: The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses and Trains held in Monterey, California from December 2-6, 2002. This conference brought together 90 leading engineering researchers discussing the aerodynamic drag of heavy vehicles. The book topics include a comparison of computational fluid dynamics calculations using both steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, large-eddy simulation, and hybrid turbulence models and experimental data obtained from wind tunnel experiments. Advanced experimental techniques including three-dimensional particle image velocimetry are presented as well, along with their use in evaluating drag reduction devices.
Book Synopsis Machine Learning Control – Taming Nonlinear Dynamics and Turbulence by : Thomas Duriez
Download or read book Machine Learning Control – Taming Nonlinear Dynamics and Turbulence written by Thomas Duriez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first textbook on a generally applicable control strategy for turbulence and other complex nonlinear systems. The approach of the book employs powerful methods of machine learning for optimal nonlinear control laws. This machine learning control (MLC) is motivated and detailed in Chapters 1 and 2. In Chapter 3, methods of linear control theory are reviewed. In Chapter 4, MLC is shown to reproduce known optimal control laws for linear dynamics (LQR, LQG). In Chapter 5, MLC detects and exploits a strongly nonlinear actuation mechanism of a low-dimensional dynamical system when linear control methods are shown to fail. Experimental control demonstrations from a laminar shear-layer to turbulent boundary-layers are reviewed in Chapter 6, followed by general good practices for experiments in Chapter 7. The book concludes with an outlook on the vast future applications of MLC in Chapter 8. Matlab codes are provided for easy reproducibility of the presented results. The book includes interviews with leading researchers in turbulence control (S. Bagheri, B. Batten, M. Glauser, D. Williams) and machine learning (M. Schoenauer) for a broader perspective. All chapters have exercises and supplemental videos will be available through YouTube.
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :1139468642 Total Pages :33 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (394 download)
Book Synopsis Climate Change 2007 - Mitigation of Climate Change by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Download or read book Climate Change 2007 - Mitigation of Climate Change written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Climate Change 2007 volumes of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provide the most comprehensive and balanced assessment of climate change available. This IPCC Working Group III volume provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art and worldwide overview of scientific knowledge related to the mitigation of climate change. It includes a detailed assessment of costs and potentials of mitigation technologies and practices, implementation barriers, and policy options for the sectors: energy supply, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management. It links sustainable development policies with climate change practices. This volume will again be the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change, including students and researchers, analysts and decision-makers in governments and the private sector.
Book Synopsis The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles II: Trucks, Buses, and Trains by : Fred Browand
Download or read book The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles II: Trucks, Buses, and Trains written by Fred Browand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is our pleasure to present these proceedings for “The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles II: Trucks, Buses and Trains” International Conference held in Lake - hoe, California, August 26-31, 2007 by Engineering Conferences International (ECI). Brought together were the world’s leading scientists and engineers from industry, universities, and research laboratories, including truck and high-speed train manufacturers and operators. All were gathered to discuss computer simu- tion and experimental techniques to be applied for the design of the more efficient trucks, buses and high-speed trains required in future years. This was the second conference in the series. The focus of the first conference in 2002 was the interplay between computations and experiment in minimizing ae- dynamic drag. The present proceedings, from the 2007 conference, address the development and application of advanced aerodynamic simulation and experim- tal methods for state-of-the-art analysis and design, as well as the development of new ideas and trends holding promise for the coming 10-year time span. Also - cluded, are studies of heavy vehicle aerodynamic tractor and trailer add-on - vices, studies of schemes to delay undesirable flow separation, and studies of - derhood thermal management.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Truck Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Devices and Tests by : C. L. Brunow
Download or read book An Evaluation of Truck Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Devices and Tests written by C. L. Brunow and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aerodynamic Design of Active Flow Control Systems Aimed Towards Drag Reduction in Heavy Vehicles by : David E. Manosalvas-Kjono
Download or read book Aerodynamic Design of Active Flow Control Systems Aimed Towards Drag Reduction in Heavy Vehicles written by David E. Manosalvas-Kjono and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trucking industry is an irreplaceable sector of our economy. Over 80% of the world population relies on it for the transportation of commercial and consumer goods. In the US alone, this industry is responsible for over 38% of fuel consumption as it distributes over 70% of our freight tonnage. In the design of these vehicles, particular emphasis has been placed on equipping them with a strong engine, a relatively comfortable cabin, a spacious trailer, and a flat back to improve loading efficiency. The geometrical design of these vehicles makes them prone to flow separation and at highway speeds overcoming aerodynamic drag accounts for over 65% of their energy consumption. The flat back on the trailer causes flow to separate, which generates a turbulent wake. This region is responsible for a significant portion of the aerodynamic drag and currently the most popular solution is the introduction of flat plates attached to the back of the trailer to push the wake downstream. These passive devices improve the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle, but leave opportunities for significant improvement that can only be achieved with active systems. The current procedure to analyze the flow past heavy vehicles and design add-on drag reduction devices focuses on the use of wind tunnels and full-scale tests. This approach is very time consuming and incredibly expensive, as it requires the manufacturing of multiple models and the use of highly specialized facilities. This Dissertation presents a computational approach to designing Active Flow Control (AFC) systems to reduce drag and energy consumption for the trucking industry. First, the numerical tools were selected by studying the capabilities of various numerical schemes and turbulence model combinations using canonical bluff bodies. After various numerical studies and comparisons with experimental results, the Jameson-Schmidt-Turkel (JST) scheme in combination with the Shear-Stress-Transport (SST) turbulence model were chosen. This combination of tools was used to study the effect of AFC in the Ground Transportation System (GTS) model, which is a simplified representation of a tractor-trailer introduced by the US Department of Energy to study the separation behind this type of vehicle and the drag it induces. Using the top-view of the GTS model as a two-dimensional representation of a heavy vehicle, the effect that the Coanda jet-based AFC system has on the wake and integrated forces have been studied. These two-dimensional studies drove the development of the design methodology presented, and produced the starting condition for the three-dimensional Coanda surface geometry and the jet velocity profile. In addition, the influence in wake stability that this system demonstrated when operating near its optimum drag configuration, allowed for the decoupling of time from the three-dimensional design process. A design methodology that minimizes the number of required function evaluations was developed by leveraging insights obtained from previous studies; using the physical changes in the flow induced by the AFC system to eliminate the need for time integration during the design process; and leveraging surrogate model optimization techniques . This approach significantly reduces the computational cost during the design of AFC drag reduction systems and has led to the design of a system that reduces drag by over 19% and power by over 16%. In the US trucking fleet alone, these energy savings constitute 8.6 billion gallons of fuel that will not be burned and over 75 million tons of CO2 that will not be released into the atmosphere each year.
