Dna Digital Data Storage

Author : Alana Torres Vidal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Download or read book Nucleic Acid Memory as the Future of Data Storage written by Alana Torres Vidal and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for digital data storage in 2025 is expected to be more than five times larger than it was in 2018, reaching 175 ©7 10^12 gigabytes in less than a decade; most of this information is to be stored in datacenters for remote access (Reinsel, Gantz, and Rydning 2018). Therefore, traditional storage systems - like magnetic, optical and semiconductor devices, need to improve their cost, density, and durability. However, the scalability of magnetic memory is limited by low coercivity of materials and the size of grains in magnetic films - which induce superparamagnetic effect, corrosion, and affect areal density (Comstock 2002). Optical storage, on the other hand, has constraints such as diffraction of light, writing/reading speed latency, and power consumption. Nucleic acids are biological molecules that can be chemically synthesized for engineering applications. Recently, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been proposed as a medium for digital data storage. DNA has the potential to surpass materials used for traditional digital storage, since it is a long-lasting medium with low power consumption and high density (Gu, Zhang, and Lamon 2016). The first DNA-based storage system was proposed in 1999, when Clelland, Risca, and Bancroft 1999 used a synthesis-based approach to cipher-encrypt information in microdots. Alternative architectures have since been implemented to handle larger data volumes, while allowing fast and random access. Researchers use DNA's distinct nucleotides (adenine - A, thymine - T, cytosine - C, and guanine - G) as building blocks to encode distinct digital binary patterns in place of using the traditional bit. Although it shows promising progress, digital DNA storage is limited primarily by its writing cost, estimated to be $12,400 MB^8́21 in 2012, which motivates novel architectures to propose innovative methods to overcome such obstacles (Goldman et al. 2013; Tabatabaei et al. 2020). This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of challenges in traditional data storage methods. Moreover, existing encoding algorithms used to store information in DNA are discussed. A thorough comparison of the advantages and disadvantages between outstanding DNA storage systems is presented. Furthermore, a novel encoding is proposed as an alternative to expensive synthetic DNA storage. Algorithms extensively covered by literature, such as Huffman coding and Knuth-Morris-Pratt pattern-search, are applied to the present thesis in order to compress input binary information and output indexes where these bytes can be found in the initial genome sequence.