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Download or read book Naučnye Osnovy partijnoj propagandy written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Status and Challenges in Beam Crystallization written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past several decades, beam crystallization has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical investigations have been numerical, mainly using computer modeling based on the method of molecular dynamics (MD), and analytical, based on phonon theory. Experimental investigations involve both ion storage rings and ion traps using both electron and laser beam cooling. Topics of interests include crystal stability in various accelerator lattices and under different beam conditions, colliding crystalline beams, crystalline beam formation in shear-free ring lattices with both magnets and electrodes, experimental simulation of alternating-gradient conditions with an ion trap, tapered cooling and coupled cooling, and beam dynamics at different temperature regime as the beam is cooled from high to low temperature. In this paper, we first review theoretical approaches and major conclusions pertaining to beam crystallization. Then, we analyze conditions and methods of the various major experiments. Finally, we discuss, both theoretically and experimentally, some improvements, open questions, and challenges in beam crystallization.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Crystalline Beams written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystalline Beams are an ordered state of an ensemble of ions, circulating in a storage ring, with very small velocity fluctuations. They can be obtained from ordinary warm ion beams with the application of intense cooling techniques (stochastic, electron, laser). A phase transition occurs when sufficiently small velocity spreads are reached, freezing the particle-to-particle spacing in strings, Zigzags, and helices ... The properties and the feasibility of Crystalline Beams depend on the choice of the lattice of the Storage Ring. There are three issues closely related to the design of the Storage Ring; namely: the determination of Equilibrium Configurations, Confinement Conditions, and Stability Conditions. Of particular concern is the effect of the trajectory curvature and of the beam momentum spread, since they set the requirements on the amount of momentum cooling, on the focussing, and on the distribution of bending in the lattice of the storage ring. The practical demonstration of Crystalline Beams may create the basis for an advanced technology for particle accelerators, where the limitations due to Coulomb intrabeam scattering and space-charge forces would finally be brought under control, so that beams of ions, more dense than normal, can be achieved for a variety of new applications.
Author : Harry Bernas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354088789X
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Materials Science with Ion Beams written by Harry Bernas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-03 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials science is the prime example of an interdisciplinary science. It - compasses the ?elds of physics, chemistry, material science, electrical en- neering, chemical engineering and other disciplines. Success has been o- standing. World-class accomplishments in materials have been recognized by NobelprizesinPhysicsandChemistryandgivenrisetoentirelynewtechno- gies. Materials science advances have underpinned the technology revolution that has driven societal changes for the last ?fty years. Obviouslytheendisnotinsight!Futuretechnology-basedproblemsd- inatethecurrentscene.Highonthelistarecontrolandconservationofenergy and environment, water purity and availability, and propagating the inf- mation revolution. All fall in the technology domain. In every case proposed solutions begin with new forms of materials, materials processing or new arti?cial material structures. Scientists seek new forms of photovoltaics with greater e?ciency and lower cost. Water purity may be solved through surface control, which promises new desalination processes at lower energy and lower cost. Revolutionary concepts to extend the information revolution reside in controlling the “spin” of electrons or enabling quantum states as in quantum computing. Ion-beam experts make substantial contributions to all of these burgeoning sciences.
Author : J.M. Poate
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146133733X
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Surface Modification and Alloying written by J.M. Poate and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an outcome of the NATO institute on surface modification which was held in Trevi, 1981. Surface modification and alloying by ion, electron or laser beams is proving to be one of the most burgeoning areas of materials science. The field covers such diverse areas as integrated circuit processing to fabricating wear and corrosion resistant surfaces on mechanical components. The common scientific questions of interest are the microstructures by the different energy deposition techniques. and associated physical properties produced The chapters constitute a critical review of the various subjects covered at Trevi. Each chapter author took responsibility for the overall review and used contributions from the many papers presented at the meeting; each participant gave a presentation. The contributors are listed at the start of each chapter. We took this approach to get some order in a large and diverse field. We are indebted to all the contributors, in particular the chapter authors for working the many papers into coherent packages; to Jim Mayer for hosting a workshop of chapter authors at Cornell and to Ian Bubb who did a sterling job in working over some of the manuscripts. Our special thanks are due to the text processing center at Bell Labs who took on the task of assembling the book. In particular Karen Lieb and Beverly Heravi typed the whole manuscript and had the entire book phototypeset using the Bell Laboratories UNIXTM system.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Colliding Crystalline Beams written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of crystalline beams has advanced to the point where one can now, with reasonable confidence, undertake an analysis of the luminosity of colliding crystalline beams. Such a study is reported here. It is necessary to observe the criteria, previously stated, for the creation and stability of crystalline beams. This requires, firstly, the proper design of a lattice. Secondly, a crystal must be formed, and this can usually be done at various densities. Thirdly, the crystals in a colliding-beam machine are brought into collision. The authors study all of these processes using the molecular dynamics (MD) method. The work parallels what was done previously, but the new part is to study the crystal-crystal interaction in collision. They initially study the zero-temperature situation. If the beam-beam force (or equivalent tune shift) is too large then overlapping crystals can not be created (rather two spatially separated crystals are formed). However, if the beam-beam force is less than but comparable to that of the space-charge forces between the particles, they find that overlapping crystals can be formed and the beam-beam tune shift can be of the order of unity. Operating at low but non-zero temperature can increase the luminosity by several orders of magnitude over that of a usual collider. The construction of an appropriate lattice, and the development of adequately strong cooling, although theoretically achievable, is a challenge in practice.
Author : Kari Rissanen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128181923
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Hot Topics in Crystal Engineering written by Kari Rissanen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hot Topics in Crystal Engineering covers the design and synthesis of single crystalline solid-state materials, their properties and applications, focusing on the understanding and use of intermolecular interactions that constitute single crystalline materials. Many of the most modern materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) capable of gas storage and separation, and selective entrapment of harmful substances, are the result of the rational use of crystal engineering. Topics covered in this work highlight breakthroughs in this rapidly developing field. This work offers a carefully chosen cross-section of the latest developments, some in their early infancy and some covered for the first time. Provides comprehensive and authoritative articles, giving readers access to a wealth of information to fully support their research and activities Covers the latest developments in crystal engineering, including topics which are in their early infancy Written by leading international experts
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (929 download)
Download or read book Confinement and Stability of Crystalline Beams in Storage Rings written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Sensitivity Studies of Crystalline Beams written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The equations of motion are presented, appropriate to interacting charged particles of diverse charge and mass, subject to the external forces produced by various kinds of magnetic fields and rf electric fields in storage rings. These equations have been employed in the molecular dynamics simulations for sensitivity studies of crystalline beams. The two necessary conditions for the formation and maintenance of crystalline beams are summarized. Effects of lattice shear and AG focusing, magnetic field imperfection, and ion neutralization on crystalline beam heating is presented.
Download or read book The Physics of Crystalline Beams written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (929 download)
Download or read book Crystalline Beams written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : INFN ELOISATRON Project. Workshop
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9789810227852
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (278 download)
Download or read book Crystalline Beams and Related Issues written by INFN ELOISATRON Project. Workshop and published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated. This book was released on 1996 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mohammad Abdul Wahab
Publisher : Alpha Science International, Limited
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Essentials of Crystallography written by Mohammad Abdul Wahab and published by Alpha Science International, Limited. This book was released on 2009 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of Crystallography presents a comprehensive study of the essential aspects of crystallography. The topics include a detail discussion of geometry and symmetry of crystals, a simplified approach to derive the point groups and space groups, methods of crystal growth and related theories, imperfections in crystalline solids, various diffraction methods, procedures for solving crystal structures and computing methods in crystallography. Keeping in view the diverse nature of readers, the treatments and the mathematics used in the book have been kept as simple as possible. This book will serve as a textbook to any crystallographic course at the graduate level. In addition, this will be helpful for all researchers in physics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy etc. who are working with crystallography related problems.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Crystalline Beams written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (186 download)
Download or read book L'entreprise de la forêt enchantée. Courses de têtes, de bagues, et joutes contre la quintaine, tenues a Drottningholm au mois d'août MDCCLXXXV. written by and published by . This book was released on 1785 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mauro Ferrari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (297 download)
Download or read book Extensional Behavior of Multi-crystalline Beams written by Mauro Ferrari and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Myeongkyu Lee
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315361973
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)
Download or read book X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research written by Myeongkyu Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray diffraction is a useful and powerful analysis technique for characterizing crystalline materials commonly employed in MSE, physics, and chemistry. This informative new book describes the principles of X-ray diffraction and its applications to materials characterization. It consists of three parts. The first deals with elementary crystallography and optics, which is essential for understanding the theory of X-ray diffraction discussed in the second section of the book. Part 2 describes how the X-ray diffraction can be applied for characterizing such various forms of materials as thin films, single crystals, and powders. The third section of the book covers applications of X-ray diffraction. The book presents a number of examples to help readers better comprehend the subject. X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research: From Fundamentals to Applications also • provides background knowledge of diffraction to enable nonspecialists to become familiar with the topics • covers the practical applications as well as the underlying principle of X-ray diffraction • presents appropriate examples with answers to help readers understand the contents more easily • includes thin film characterization by X-ray diffraction with relevant experimental techniques • presents a huge number of elaborately drawn graphics to help illustrate the content The book will help readers (students and researchers in materials science, physics, and chemistry) understand crystallography and crystal structures, interference and diffraction, structural analysis of bulk materials, characterization of thin films, and nondestructive measurement of internal stress and phase transition. Diffraction is an optical phenomenon and thus can be better understood when it is explained with an optical approach, which has been neglected in other books. This book helps to fill that gap, providing information to convey the concept of X-ray diffraction and how it can be applied to the materials analysis. This book will be a valuable reference book for researchers in the field and will work well as a good introductory book of X-ray diffraction for students in materials science, physics, and chemistry.
