Digital Transformation in African SMEs: Emerging Issues and Trends: Volume 3

Download Digital Transformation in African SMEs: Emerging Issues and Trends: Volume 3 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9815223399
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (152 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Digital Transformation in African SMEs: Emerging Issues and Trends: Volume 3 by : Mohammed Majeed, Abdul-Razak Abubakari, Awini Gideon, Jayadatta S.

Download or read book Digital Transformation in African SMEs: Emerging Issues and Trends: Volume 3 written by Mohammed Majeed, Abdul-Razak Abubakari, Awini Gideon, Jayadatta S. and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2024-02-16 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital Transformation in African SMES: Emerging Issues and Trends aims to shed light on the various advantages and drawbacks of the same along with the opportunities and markets that are emerging because of digital transformation. This book provides comprehensive insights into the role of electronic commerce in the success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries, with a specific focus on Africa (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 explores the nexus between digital transformation and SME performance, offering perspectives from developing economies. The challenges faced by SMEs in Africa regarding the adoption of Big Data are examined in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 delves into the exploration of email marketing strategies among SMEs. Additionally, the book covers factors influencing the adoption of Big Data by SMEs in Africa (Chapter 5) and investigates the use of technology by SMEs and its impact on the firms (Chapter 6). Chapter 7 focuses on key factors and impacts related to the adoption of social media by Small and Medium Enterprises. The volume provides information for educators at all levels to obtain a complete understanding of the technology-based environment that impacts teaching and commerce. It also serves as a resource for policymakers, businessmen, researchers, and university and college students, interested in digital transformation in Africa.

Digital Transformation in African SMEs: Emerging Issues and Trends: Volume 2

Download Digital Transformation in African SMEs: Emerging Issues and Trends: Volume 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9815223364
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (152 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Digital Transformation in African SMEs: Emerging Issues and Trends: Volume 2 by : Mohammed Majeed, Abdul-Razak Abubakari, Awini Gideon, Jayadatta S.

Download or read book Digital Transformation in African SMEs: Emerging Issues and Trends: Volume 2 written by Mohammed Majeed, Abdul-Razak Abubakari, Awini Gideon, Jayadatta S. and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2024-02-15 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital Transformation in Education and Artificial Intelligence: Emerging Markets and Opportunities aims to shed light on the various advantages and drawbacks of the same along with the opportunities and markets that are emerging because of digital transformation. This volume encompasses diverse perspectives on the digital landscape for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It delves into the use of digital tools like Big Data, IoT, AI, and ML in Chapter 1, followed by an exploration of factors influencing online shopping adoption in SMEs in Ghana (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 sheds light on the digital transformation of African SMEs, while Chapter 4 offers insights into the consequences of digitalization for SMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa. The subsequent chapters cover topics such as the impact of Big Data on SMEs' performance, digitization initiatives for African telecom service providers, the role of social media as a promotional tool for SMEs in Ghana, and the utilization of Artificial Intelligence by SMEs in Africa, addressing both benefits and challenges. The chapters provide information for educators at all levels to obtain a complete understanding of the technology-based environment that impacts teaching and commerce. It also serves as a resource for policymakers, entrepreneurs, researchers, and students interested in digital transformation in Africa.

Doing Business in Africa

Download Doing Business in Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9783030507411
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Doing Business in Africa by : Suzanne M. Apitsa

Download or read book Doing Business in Africa written by Suzanne M. Apitsa and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2021-12-16 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents insights from cutting-edge international business and management research relating to Africa. Economic growth and foreign investment in the region remains strong, despite some slowing down in recent years. This trend of economic growth and its impact on international trade and FDI has attracted Western businesses, eager to capitalize on this emerging market. In this context, new relationships and interactions have stimulated business research on Africa. Split into four parts covering the internationalization process, international logistics, trans-border corporate social responsibility and trust in Africa, the book covers a range of emerging trends, academic discussion and evolving issues across the spectrum of business research. It is a valuable read for students, researchers and practitioners interested in doing business in Africa.

Information and Communications for Development 2018

Download Information and Communications for Development 2018 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464813558
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Information and Communications for Development 2018 by : World Bank

Download or read book Information and Communications for Development 2018 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Information and Communications for Development series looks in depth at how information and communications technologies are affecting economic growth in developing countries. This new report, the fourth in the series, examines the topic of data-driven development, or how better information makes for better policies. The objective is to assist developing-country firms and governments in unlocking the value of the data they hold for better service delivery and decision making and to empower individuals to take more control of their personal data. We are undoubtedly experiencing a data revolution in which our ability to generate, process, and utilize information has been magnified many times over by the machines that we increasingly rely upon. This report is about how the data revolution is changing the behavior of governments, individuals, and firms and how these changes affect the nature of development: economic, social, and cultural. How can governments extract value from data to improve service delivery in the same way that private companies have learned to do for profit? Is it feasible for individuals to take ownership of their own data and to use it to improve their livelihoods and quality of life? Can developing-country firms compete with the internet majors on their own turf and be even more innovative in their use of data to serve local customers better? Though the report is aimed primarily at government policy makers, it also has great relevance for individuals concerned about how their personal data is used and how the data revolution might affect their future job prospects. For private sector firms, particularly those in developing countries, the report suggests how they might expand their markets and improve their competitive edge. For development professionals, the report provides guidance on how they might use data more creatively to tackle long-standing global challenges, such as eliminating extreme poverty, promoting shared prosperity, or mitigating the effects of climate change. The report’s chapters explore different themes associated with the supply of data, the technology underlying it, and the demand for it. An overview chapter focuses on government use of data and presentation of definitions. Part I of the report then looks at the “supply side†? of the data sector, with chapters on data connectivity and capacity (where data comes from, how it is stored, and where it goes) and data technology (specifically big data analytics and artificial intelligence) and how this is contributing to development. Part II looks at the sector’s “demand side,†? with a chapter on people’s use of data and another that examines how firms use digital platforms in the data economy and how that contributes to competitiveness. Part III brings together the policy implications for developing-country stakeholders, with a chapter considering government policies for data, including data protection and privacy. A closing Data Notes appendix looks at statistical indicators associated with the use of data and presents the 2018 update of the Digital Adoption Index (DAI), a composite indicator introduced in the 2016 World Development Report: Digital Dividends.

TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Download TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031630734
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by : Emmanuel Ndhlovu

Download or read book TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT written by Emmanuel Ndhlovu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Digital Transformation in African SMEs

Download Digital Transformation in African SMEs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789815223354
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (233 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Digital Transformation in African SMEs by : Mohammed Majeed; Abdul-Razak

Download or read book Digital Transformation in African SMEs written by Mohammed Majeed; Abdul-Razak and published by . This book was released on 2024-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital Transformation in Education and Artificial Intelligence: Emerging Markets and Opportunities aims to shed light on the various advantages and drawbacks of the same along with the opportunities and markets that are emerging because of digital transformation. This volume encompasses diverse perspectives on the digital landscape for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It delves into the use of digital tools like Big Data, IoT, AI, and ML in Chapter 1, followed by an exploration of factors influencing online shopping adoption in SMEs in Ghana (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 sheds light on the digital transformation of African SMEs, while Chapter 4 offers insights into the consequences of digitalization for SMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa. The subsequent chapters cover topics such as the impact of Big Data on SMEs' performance, digitization initiatives for African telecom service providers, the role of social media as a promotional tool for SMEs in Ghana, and the utilization of Artificial Intelligence by SMEs in Africa, addressing both benefits and challenges. The chapters provide information for educators at all levels to obtain a complete understanding of the technology-based environment that impacts teaching and commerce. It also serves as a resource for policymakers, entrepreneurs, researchers, and students interested in digital transformation in Africa.

ECIE2015-10th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Download ECIE2015-10th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Conferences and publishing limited
ISBN 13 : 1910810495
Total Pages : 866 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis ECIE2015-10th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship by : Renata Paola Dameri, Roberto Garelli and Marina Resta

Download or read book ECIE2015-10th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship written by Renata Paola Dameri, Roberto Garelli and Marina Resta and published by Academic Conferences and publishing limited. This book was released on 2015-08-24 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 10th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (ECIE 2015), hosted this year by The University of Genoa, Italy on the 17-18 September 2015. The Conference Chair is Prof Luca Beltrametti and the Programme Co-chairs are Prof Renata Paola Dameri, Prof. Roberto Garelli and Prof. Marina Resta, all from the University of Genoa. ECIE continues to develop and evolve. Now in its 10th year the key aim remains the opportunity for participants to share ideas and meet the people who hold them. The scope of papers will ensure an interesting two days. The subjects covered illustrate the wide range of topics that fall into this important and growing area of research. The opening keynote presentation is given by Marco Doria – Mayor of Genoa on the topic of Innovation and entrepreneurship in Genoa: past, present and future. A second keynote will be given by Flavia Marzano from the National board for innovation and Italian digital agenda on the topic of Innovation: New visions not just new technologies. The second day Keynote will be given by Roberto Santoro, President of the European Society of Concurrent Engineering Network (ESoCE Net) on the topic of People Olympics for healthy and active living: A people driven social innovation platform. In addition to the main themes of the conference there are a number of specialist mini tracks on topics including Innovation and strategy, Entrepreneurship education in action, The theory and practice of collaboration in entrepreneurship and Challenges for entrepreneurship and innovation n the 21st Century. With an initial submission of 275 abstracts, after the double blind, peer review process there are 88 Academic research papers, 6 PhD research papers, 1 Masters Research paper, 4 work-in-progress papers and 1 Non-academic paper published in these Conference Proceedings. These papers represent research from Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, , France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, , Kuwait, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Romania, Russia, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Thailand, UK and USA

The Emerging Middle Class in Africa

Download The Emerging Middle Class in Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317634543
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Emerging Middle Class in Africa by : Mthuli Ncube

Download or read book The Emerging Middle Class in Africa written by Mthuli Ncube and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of the African middle class as a driver of Africa’s economic growth stands out as an important milestone in Africa’s contemporary economic history. This growth, though uneven, is a source of hope for Africa, but also a signal to the rest of the world on the prospects for economic recovery and renewal, particularly because it has been steady despite the global downturn. The Emerging Middle Class in Africa analyses specific aspects of the lives of the middle class in Africa. It looks at how people become and remain in the middle class through a series of thematic chapters. It examines how behaviour changes in the process, in terms of consumption patterns and spending on health and education. A further dimension of this analysis is how class impacts on gender relations and whether women are able to reap the same benefits of social advancement available to men. Africa is a continent of such scale and diversity that experiences across countries vary widely. The book thus captures the common patterns across the continent. This text is primarily aimed at Africanist researchers, policy makers, development practitioners, and bilateral and multilateral institutions, as well as students of African studies, political science, political economy, development studies, and development economics.

Digital and Social Media Marketing

Download Digital and Social Media Marketing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030243745
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Digital and Social Media Marketing by : Nripendra P. Rana

Download or read book Digital and Social Media Marketing written by Nripendra P. Rana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines issues and implications of digital and social media marketing for emerging markets. These markets necessitate substantial adaptations of developed theories and approaches employed in the Western world. The book investigates problems specific to emerging markets, while identifying new theoretical constructs and practical applications of digital marketing. It addresses topics such as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), demographic differences in digital marketing, mobile marketing, search engine advertising, among others. A radical increase in both temporal and geographical reach is empowering consumers to exert influence on brands, products, and services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and digital media are having a significant impact on the way people communicate and fulfil their socio-economic, emotional and material needs. These technologies are also being harnessed by businesses for various purposes including distribution and selling of goods, retailing of consumer services, customer relationship management, and influencing consumer behaviour by employing digital marketing practices. This book considers this, as it examines the practice and research related to digital and social media marketing.

The Digital Transformation of SMEs

Download The Digital Transformation of SMEs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
ISBN 13 : 9789264392458
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (924 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Digital Transformation of SMEs by : Oecd

Download or read book The Digital Transformation of SMEs written by Oecd and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2021-02-12 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis

Download Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031560078
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis by : Shani D. Carter

Download or read book Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis written by Shani D. Carter and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Research on Digital Transformation Management and Tools

Download Handbook of Research on Digital Transformation Management and Tools PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799897656
Total Pages : 765 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Digital Transformation Management and Tools by : Pettinger, Richard

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Digital Transformation Management and Tools written by Pettinger, Richard and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in digital technologies continue to impact all areas of life, including the business sector. Digital transformation is ascertained to usher in the digitalized economy and involves new concepts and management tools that must be considered in the context of management science and practice. For business leaders to ensure their companies remain competitive and relevant, it is essential for them to utilize these innovative technologies and strategies. The Handbook of Research on Digital Transformation Management and Tools highlights new digital concepts within management, such as digitalization and digital disruption, and addresses the paradigm shift in management science incurred by the digital transformation towards the digitalized economy. Covering a range of important topics such as cultural economy, online consumer behavior, sustainability, and social media, this major reference work is crucial for managers, business owners, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Responsible Management in Africa, Volume 2

Download Responsible Management in Africa, Volume 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1803824956
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Responsible Management in Africa, Volume 2 by : Kemi Ogunyemi

Download or read book Responsible Management in Africa, Volume 2 written by Kemi Ogunyemi and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-11 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responsible Management in Africa delivers a rich reservoir of indigenous value-narratives based on a well-balanced philosophical anthropology, enriching global knowledge in the philosophy of management and in business ethics and contributing much-needed insights for leaders around the world to manage enterprise responsibly.

FinTech in Sub-Saharan African Countries

Download FinTech in Sub-Saharan African Countries PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484385667
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis FinTech in Sub-Saharan African Countries by : Mr.Amadou N Sy

Download or read book FinTech in Sub-Saharan African Countries written by Mr.Amadou N Sy and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FinTech is a major force shaping the structure of the financial industry in sub-Saharan Africa. New technologies are being developed and implemented in sub-Saharan Africa with the potential to change the competitive landscape in the financial industry. While it raises concerns on the emergence of vulnerabilities, FinTech challenges traditional structures and creates efficiency gains by opening up the financial services value chain. Today, FinTech is emerging as a technological enabler in the region, improving financial inclusion and serving as a catalyst for the emergence of innovations in other sectors, such as agriculture and infrastructure.

Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance

Download Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1589063953
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance by : El Bachir Boukherouaa

Download or read book Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance written by El Bachir Boukherouaa and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight.

Dynamics of Marketing in African Nations

Download Dynamics of Marketing in African Nations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313077061
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dynamics of Marketing in African Nations by : Sonny Nwankwo

Download or read book Dynamics of Marketing in African Nations written by Sonny Nwankwo and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2002-05-30 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consider Africa—not with pre-established mindsets, unexamined assumptions, and bland generalizations—but for what Africa actually is: a setting in which marketers can gather new ideas and test old ones and perhaps emerge with a more varied, certain sense of what the marketing enterprise itself, is all about. Nwankwo, Aiyeku, and their contributing authors, all specialists with a remarkably wide range of experience and viewpoints, uncover the unexpected factors that they are certain will determine the success of selling just about any product or service to established or developing African nations. Original, eclectic, and agenda-setting, their book provides a startling insight into the dynamics of marketing in this fascinating region of the world as it continues to initiate the new macroeconomic and political reforms that are transforming the African continent into an important player on the international business scene. Nwankwo and Aiyeku see their book as a welcome attempt to identify and explore the institutional processes in which not only the study but also the practice of marketing is embedded. They work with three main themes: the processual issues, including theory development and the reconceptualization of conventional paradigms; the nature of the interrelationships that shape the dynamics of marketing overall; and the context-specific dimensions of marketing generally, its marketing operations. As the volume editors state: By and large, African nations present new contexts and new strategic challenges. As they become focused, certain general approaches as to how various characteristics influence marketing behaviors have to be established. This book, through addressing these contextual issues, provides a better focus for creating a relevant set of marketing activities in African situations.

Emerging Trends and Innovation in Business and Finance

Download Emerging Trends and Innovation in Business and Finance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819961017
Total Pages : 868 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Trends and Innovation in Business and Finance by : Rim El Khoury

Download or read book Emerging Trends and Innovation in Business and Finance written by Rim El Khoury and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-28 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores diverse dimensions of innovation in business and finance from a micro as well as macro perspective through various case studies and analyses of trends. The previous decade is known as the era of digital transformation and innovation. The rise of new technologies is having an impact on the global trends and leading to innovation in business and finance. In this competitive market, businesses and financial institutions must be responsive to the trends in order to survive and thrive, governments must cope with the complex and uncertain environments by being smart, transforming service delivery, and implementing smart governance practices, and entrepreneurs and investors are faced with alternative sources of finance and investment. However, keeping up with these trends and innovations is fraught with its own set of challenges. Thus, it is important to analyze new and emerging technologies and innovations through a myriad of disciplinary lenses. This book not only expands conceptual understanding of digital transformation and innovation by presenting strong empirical evidence, but also by adding to the vigorous worldwide policy discussion on how to assist businesses in the digital transition. The book will be useful to scholars and researchers of business management, financial management, business economics, international business, human resources, and marketing. It will also be of interest to entrepreneurs, policymakers, academicians, and practitioners in the field.