Diagnostic des plasmas de combustion par sonde d'ionisation

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Diagnostic des plasmas de combustion par sonde d'ionisation by : Maxime Karrer

Download or read book Diagnostic des plasmas de combustion par sonde d'ionisation written by Maxime Karrer and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les sondes d'ionisation sont utilisées depuis longtemps pour réaliser des diagnostics dans les plasmas. Les recherches pour appliquer cette technologie dans le domaine de la combustion sont motivées par le fait que la flamme génère des espèces chargées et se comporte donc comme un plasma faiblement ionisé. Différentes applications de cette technique ont été étudiées au cours de ces dernières années. Ces études ont montré que le courant d'ionisation dépend de nombreux paramètres liés à la combustion (richesse, pression, température...) mais le manque d'outils théoriques rend l'interprétation des résultats complexe et limite pour l'instant l'utilisation de la technique, particulièrement sur les moteurs à combustion interne. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des outils théoriques simples permettant de mieux comprendre les phénomènes d'interaction flamme-sonde et de démontrer le potentiel de ce diagnostic en particulier pour l'étude de l'interaction flamme-paroi. Pour les motoristes l'enjeu des technologies futures sera de proposer une motorisation ayant de faibles émissions polluantes tout en conservant un coût de conception et de réalisation compétitif. La diminution des niveaux d'émission de CO2 et de polluants devra donc passer par des technologies innovantes sans toutefois avoir recours à des post-traitements trop complexes et donc couteux. L'une des caractéristiques de la combustion dans un moteur à allumage commandé est que la flamme atteint par endroit la paroi alors que seulement 30% de la charge a été consommés. Ainsi une grande partie du combustible brûle en proche parois. La présence de cette forte proportion de combustible au niveau de la paroi s'explique par le fait que la charge fraîche se trouvant devant la flamme de prémélange est comprimée sous l’action combinée du mouvement du piston et de la détente de gaz brûlés situés derrière le front de flamme, l'essentiel de la charge se trouvant alors concentrée prés des bords de la chambre. Ainsi pour le développement et l'amélioration du fonctionnement des moteurs à allumage commandé, il est indispensable de s'intéresser aux mécanismes de l'interaction flamme-paroi. Les techniques de diagnostic qui sont utilisées aujourd’hui pour mesurer les paramètres caractéristiques de l'interaction flamme-paroi ne fonctionnent pas dans certaines conditions de pressions et de température. Les échelles spatiale et temporelle du phénomène diminuent en effet fortement sous l'effet d'une augmentation de la pression. Ainsi les techniques optiques sont limitées par leur résolution spatiale. Les travaux proposés dans cette thèse montrent que les sondes d’ionisation permettent de mesurer les paramètres qui caractérisent l'interaction flamme-paroi et notamment pour des conditions de pression et de température supérieures à celles des autres méthodes. Le développement de modèles théoriques simples ont permis de mesurer différents paramètres comme la distance de coincement de la flamme, la vitesse de flamme ou bien encore la température, à partir de l'analyse du courant d'ionisation. Ces mesures ont été réalisées pour différentes géométries d'interaction flamme-paroi et différents type de mélanges. Des mesures combinées par diagnostics optiques (PIV, LIF, visualisation directe) et par mesure du flux de chaleur pariétal ont permis de valider l'ensemble des résultats obtenus sur différentes gammes de pression. Le diagnostic par sonde d'ionisation permet donc de mesurer avec une bonne résolution spatio-temporelle les paramètres de l'interaction flamme-paroi. L'amélioration du diagnostic passe notamment par une augmentation de la fréquence d’excitation de la sonde (Radio-fréquence). Cependant les essais réalisés ont mis en évidence que les mécanismes de conduction de la flamme changent sous l'influence de nombreux paramètres comme la densité du gaz ou la fréquence d'excitation. Les résultats obtenus sur la polarisation de la flamme montrent notamment une augmentation de la chute de potentiel anodique sous l'effet de la pression. Les propriétés électriques de la flamme à haute pression ont donc été étudiées expérimentalement et théoriquement. La modélisation de la cinétique chimique de la flamme à haute pression a permis de mettre en évidence la diminution de la concentration d'électrons dans le front de flamme. Par ailleurs les mécanismes d'attachement et de détachement électroniques qui ont lieu dans la zone de coincement ont un impact fort sur les mécanismes de polarisation de la flamme. Il est donc nécessaire de tenir compte des effets de densité du gaz dans les modèles de courant d'ionisation à haute pression. L'amélioration des techniques de mesures du courant d'ionisation proposées dans cette thèse passe donc à l'avenir par une étude approfondie des propriétés électriques de jonctions.

Earth's Climate Response to a Changing Sun

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ISBN 13 : 9782759818495
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth's Climate Response to a Changing Sun by : Katja Matthes

Download or read book Earth's Climate Response to a Changing Sun written by Katja Matthes and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For centuries, scientists have been fascinated by the role of the Sun in the Earth's climate system. Recent discoveries, outlined in this book, have gradually unveiled a complex picture, in which our variable Sun affects the climate variability via a number of subtle pathways, the implications of which are only now becoming clear. This handbook provides the scientifically curious, from undergraduate students to policy makers with a complete and accessible panorama of our present understanding of the Sun-climate connection. 61 experts from different communities have contributed to it, which reflects the highly multidisciplinary nature of this topic. The handbook is organised as a mosaic of short chapters, each of which addresses a specific aspect, and can be read independently. The reader will learn about the assumptions, the data, the models, and the unknowns behind each mechanism by which solar variability may impact climate variability. None of these mechanisms can adequately explain global warming observed since the 1950s. However, several of them do impact climate variability, in particular on a regional level. This handbook aims at addressing these issues in a factual way, and thereby challenge the reader to sharpen his/her critical thinking in a debate that is frequently distorted by unfounded claims.

The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642147917
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space by : John P. Burrows

Download or read book The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space written by John P. Burrows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.

Wood Production, Wood Technology, and Biotechnological Impacts

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Publisher : Universitätsverlag Göttingen
ISBN 13 : 3940344117
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Production, Wood Technology, and Biotechnological Impacts by : Ursula Kües

Download or read book Wood Production, Wood Technology, and Biotechnological Impacts written by Ursula Kües and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2007 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the year 2001, Prof. Dr. Ursula Kües was appointed at the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology of the Georg-August-University Göttingen to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology endowed by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU). Her group studies higher fungi in basic and applied research. Research foci are on mushroom development and on fungal enzymes degrading wood and their applications in wood biotechnology. This book has been edited to thank the DBU for all support given to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology. Contributions to the book are from scientists from Göttingen recognised in different fields of forestry and wood science. Chapters presented by members of the group Molecular Wood Biotechnology introduces into their areas of research. The book is designed for interested students of wood biology and wood technology but will also address scientists in the field.

Advanced Environmental Monitoring

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402063644
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Environmental Monitoring by : Young Kim

Download or read book Advanced Environmental Monitoring written by Young Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with recent developments and applications of environmental monitoring technologies, with emphasis on rapidly progressing optical and biological methods. Written by worldwide experts, this book will be of interest to environmental scientists in academia, research institutes, industry and the government.

Lasers in Materials Processing

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Publisher : ASM International(OH)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Lasers in Materials Processing by : Edward A. Metzbower

Download or read book Lasers in Materials Processing written by Edward A. Metzbower and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1983 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sensors in Household Appliances

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527605045
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensors in Household Appliances by : Guido Tschulena

Download or read book Sensors in Household Appliances written by Guido Tschulena and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taken as a whole, this series covers all major fields of application for commercial sensors, as well as their manufacturing techniques and major types. As such the series does not treat bulk sensors, but rather places strong emphasis on microsensors, microsystems and integrated electronic sensor packages. Each of the individual volumes is tailored to the needs and queries of readers from the relevant branch of industry. A competent and comprehensive survey of current and future sensors applied in electronic household devices. Engineers and scientists will find here reports of an increase in product safety, efficiency and consumer comfort, coupled with a decrease in power consumption and water/wastewater. The book also looks at the customer appeal of advanced "intelligent" appliances, showing the heightened need for comprehensive information on their potentials and limitations.

Plastic Scintillators

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030734889
Total Pages : 647 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Plastic Scintillators by : Matthieu Hamel

Download or read book Plastic Scintillators written by Matthieu Hamel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-10 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the physics and chemistry of plastic scintillators (fluorescent polymers) that are able to emit light when exposed to ionizing radiation, discussing their chemical modification in the early 1950s and 1960s, as well as the renewed upsurge in interest in the 21st century. The book presents contributions from various researchers on broad aspects of plastic scintillators, from physics, chemistry, materials science and applications, covering topics such as the chemical nature of the polymer and/or the fluorophores, modification of the photophysical properties (decay time, emission wavelength) and loading of additives to make the material more sensitive to, e.g., fast neutrons, thermal neutrons or gamma rays. It also describes the benefits of recent technological advances for plastic scintillators, such as nanomaterials and quantum dots, which allow features that were previously not achievable with regular organic molecules or organometallics.

Comprehensive Foodomics

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128163968
Total Pages : 2444 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Comprehensive Foodomics by :

Download or read book Comprehensive Foodomics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 2444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Foodomics, Three Volume Set offers a definitive collection of over 150 articles that provide researchers with innovative answers to crucial questions relating to food quality, safety and its vital and complex links to our health. Topics covered include transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, green foodomics, epigenetics and noncoding RNA, food safety, food bioactivity and health, food quality and traceability, data treatment and systems biology. Logically structured into 10 focused sections, each article is authored by world leading scientists who cover the whole breadth of Omics and related technologies, including the latest advances and applications. By bringing all this information together in an easily navigable reference, food scientists and nutritionists in both academia and industry will find it the perfect, modern day compendium for frequent reference. List of sections and Section Editors: Genomics - Olivia McAuliffe, Dept of Food Biosciences, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland Epigenetics & Noncoding RNA - Juan Cui, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Transcriptomics - Robert Henry, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia Proteomics - Jens Brockmeyer, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University Stuttgart, Germany Metabolomics - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Neuherberg, Germany Omics data treatment, System Biology and Foodomics - Carlos Leon Canseco, Visiting Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Green Foodomics - Elena Ibanez, Foodomics Lab, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Food safety and Foodomics - Djuro Josic, Professor Medicine (Research) Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA & Sandra Kraljevic Pavelic, University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Rijeka, Croatia Food Quality, Traceability and Foodomics - Daniel Cozzolino, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia Food Bioactivity, Health and Foodomics - Miguel Herrero, Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Foodomics Lab, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Brings all relevant foodomics information together in one place, offering readers a ‘one-stop,’ comprehensive resource for access to a wealth of information Includes articles written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions Provides an ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals who need to find relevant information quickly and easily Includes content from high quality authors from across the globe

Safety, Environmental Impact, and Economic Prospects of Nuclear Fusion

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461306191
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Safety, Environmental Impact, and Economic Prospects of Nuclear Fusion by : Bruno Brunelli

Download or read book Safety, Environmental Impact, and Economic Prospects of Nuclear Fusion written by Bruno Brunelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the lectures and the concluding discussion of the "Seminar on Safety, Environmental Impact, and Economic Prospects of Nuclear Fusion", which was held at Erice, August 6-12, 1989. In selecting the contributions to this 9th meeting held by the International School of Fusion Reactor Technology at the E. Majorana Center for Scientific Cul ture in Erice, we tried to provide a comprehensive coverage of the many interre lated and interdisciplinary aspects of what ultimately turns out to be the global acceptance criteria of our society with respect to controlled nuclear fusion. Consequently, this edited collection of the papers presented should provide an overview of these issues. We thus hope that this book, with its extensive subject index, will also be of interest and help to nonfusion specialists and, in general, to those who from curiosity or by assignment are required to be informed on these as pects of fusion energy.

Anagram Solver

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1408102579
Total Pages : 719 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Anagram Solver by : Bloomsbury Publishing

Download or read book Anagram Solver written by Bloomsbury Publishing and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anagram Solver is the essential guide to cracking all types of quiz and crossword featuring anagrams. Containing over 200,000 words and phrases, Anagram Solver includes plural noun forms, palindromes, idioms, first names and all parts of speech. Anagrams are grouped by the number of letters they contain with the letters set out in alphabetical order so that once the letters of an anagram are arranged alphabetically, finding the solution is as easy as locating the word in a dictionary.

Solar Variability and Planetary Climates

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780387483399
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Variability and Planetary Climates by : Y. Calisesi

Download or read book Solar Variability and Planetary Climates written by Y. Calisesi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-04-06 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an updated overview of the processes determining the influence of solar forcing on climate. It discusses in particular the most recent developments regarding the role of aerosols in the climate system and the new insights that could be gained from the investigation of terrestrial climate analogues. The book’s structure mirrors that of the ISSI workshop held in Bern in June 2005.

The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521279673
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (796 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary by : Bill Gunston

Download or read book The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary written by Bill Gunston and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary is an authoritative and accessible reference useful to scholars and enthusiasts alike. This dictionary is an essential tool for professionals involved in the aerospace industry and flight, and for anyone who must read and understand the technical literature of the aerospace industry and about specific air and space craft. It is also an ideal reference for engineering and physics students encountering a subject replete with technical jargon and acronyms. Bill Gunston, one of the most widely read and respected aviation writers, has added more than 5,000 new terms and acronyms to this carefully updated volume. Terms used in the dictionary reflect the diverse and international nature of the aerospace industry and include brief explanations of aerospace materials and organizations. Gunston has scrupulously avoided terms specific to manufacturers, airlines, and armed forces in an effort to encourage clear communication and understanding among professionals.

Nanodevices and Nanomaterials for Ecological Security

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9400741197
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanodevices and Nanomaterials for Ecological Security by : Yuri N. Shunin

Download or read book Nanodevices and Nanomaterials for Ecological Security written by Yuri N. Shunin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to a wide range of problems concerning applications of nanomaterials and nanodevices as effective solutions to modern ecological problems. Leading experts in nanoscience and nanotechnology present the key theoretical, experimental and implementation issues related to the creation and utilization of novel nanoscale devices to help ensure ecological security. The authors discuss appropriate nanotechnologies for minimizing various types of risk: to human life, technogenic risk, or indeed terrorist threats. Particular emphasis is placed on defining and studying the required materials properties, and – in the field – on nanoscale devices for sensors and monitoring.

Government Reports Announcements & Index

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483278743
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State by : S. Angus

Download or read book International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State written by S. Angus and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State - 7 Propylene (Propene) is a compilation of internationally agreed values of the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of propylene. This book is composed of three chapters, and begins with the presentation of experimental result of thermodynamic studies compared with the equations used to generate the tables. The succeeding chapter deals with correlating equations for thermodynamic property determination of propylene. The last chapter provides the tabulations of the propylene's thermodynamic properties and constants. This book will prove useful to physical chemists.

Handbook of Thermal Plasmas

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030849368
Total Pages : 1973 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Thermal Plasmas by : Maher I. Boulos

Download or read book Handbook of Thermal Plasmas written by Maher I. Boulos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 1973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative reference presents a comprehensive review of the evolution of plasma science and technology fundamentals over the past five decades. One of this field’s principal challenges has been its multidisciplinary nature requiring coverage of fundamental plasma physics in plasma generation, transport phenomena under high-temperature conditions, involving momentum, heat and mass transfer, and high-temperature reaction kinetics, as well as fundamentals of material science under extreme conditions. The book is structured in five distinct parts, which are presented in a reader-friendly format allowing for detailed coverage of the science base and engineering aspects of the technology including plasma generation, mathematical modeling, diagnostics, and industrial applications of thermal plasma technology. This book is an essential resource for practicing engineers, research scientists, and graduate students working in the field.