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Author : P.Z. TAKACS.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (898 download)
Download or read book DEVELOPMENT OF METROLOGY INSTRUMENTS FOR GRAZING INCIDENCE MIRRORS. written by P.Z. TAKACS. and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Development of Metrology Instruments for Grazing Incidence Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effective utilization of synchrotron radiation (SR) from high-brightness sources requires the use of optical components with very smooth surfaces and extremely precise shapes. Most manufacturers are not capable of measuring the figure and finish quality of the aspheric optics required for use in grazing incidence beam lines. Over the past several years we have developed measurement techniques and metrology instrumentation that have allowed us to measure the surface profile and roughness of large cylinder optics, up to one meter in length. Based on our measurements and feedback, manufacturers have been able to advance the state-of-the-art in mirror fabrication and are now able to produce acceptable components. Our analysis techniques enable designers to write meaningful specifications and predict the performance of real surfaces in their particular beamline configurations. Commercial instruments are now available for measuring surface microroughness with spatial periods smaller than about one millimeter. No commercial instruments are available for measuring the surface figure on cylindrical aspheres over long spatial periods, from one millimeter up to one meter. For that reason we developed a Long Trace Profiler (LTP) that measures surface profile over the long period range in a non-contact manner to extremely high accuracy. Examples of measured surfaces and data analysis techniques will be discussed, and limitations on the quality of optical surfaces related to intrinsic material properties will also be discussed. 15 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 852 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Metrology for Industry for Use in the Manufacture of Grazing Incidence Beam Line Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this SBIR was to determine the slope sensitivity of Specular Reflection Deflectometry (SRD) and whether shearing methods had the sensitivity to be able to separate errors in the test equipment from slope error in the unit under test (UUT), or mirror. After many variations of test parameters it does not appear that SRD yields results much better than 1 [mu] radian RMS independent of how much averaging is done. Of course, a single number slope sensitivity over the full range of spatial scales is not a very insightful number in the same sense as a single number phase or height RMS value in interferometry does not tell the full story. However, the 1 [mu] radian RMS number is meaningful when contrasted with a sensitivity goal of better than 0.1 [mu] radian RMS. Shearing is a time proven method of separating the errors in a measurement from the actual shape of a UUT. It is accomplished by taking multiple measurements while moving the UUT relative to the test instrument. This process makes it possible to separate the two errors sources but only to a sensitivity of about 1 [mu] radian RMS. Another aspect of our conclusions is that this limit probably holds largely independent of the spatial scale of the test equipment. In the proposal for this work it was suggested that a test screen the full size of the UUT could be used to determine the slopes on scales of maybe 0.01 to full scale of the UUT while smaller screens and shorter focal length lenses could be used to measure shorter, or smaller, patches of slope. What we failed to take into consideration was that as the scale of the test equipment got smaller so too did the optical lever arm on which the slope was calculated. Although we did not do a test with a shorter focal length lens over a smaller sample area it is hard to argue with the logic that the slope sensitivity will be about the same independent of the spatial scale of the measurement assuming the test equipment is similarly scaled. On a more positive note, SRD does appear to be a highly flexible, easy to implement, rather inexpensive test for free form optics that require a dynamic range that exceeds that of interferometry. These optics are quite often specified to have more relaxed slope errors, on the order of 1 [mu] radian RMS or greater. It would be shortsighted to not recognize the value of this test method in the bigger picture.
Download or read book Understanding the Performance of X-ray Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manufacture of x-ray mirrors is a rather specialized branch of the optical fabrication industry. As those who have had to deal with the procurement of these components well know, there are only a handful of optical companies who supply most of the grazing incidence optics in use at the synchrotron light source facilities in this country. There is relatively little information available of practical use to guide the user through any of the above steps. We have been ''forced'' to develop our own foundation for assessing the performance of various vendors and determining the quality of the components produced by them. Our approach has been to concentrate on the area of metrology of grazing incidence optics and to develop instruments and techniques that can be used to improve the quality of components delivered to us. The major problem hindering the production of grazing incidence optics is the lack of specialized metrology instrumentation that can be used by the small manufacturing shop to assess the quality of the component under production. We have been engaged over the past several years in developing the theoretical framework and practical measurement techniques to link the metrology to actual performance, providing much-needed feedback to the manufacture and also educating users and manufacturers in the proper understanding of the language of surface figure and finish metrology.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Error Reduction Techniques for Measuring Long Synchrotron Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many instruments and techniques are used for measuring long mirror surfaces. A Fizeau interferometer may be used to measure mirrors much longer than the interferometer aperture size by using grazing incidence at the mirror surface and analyzing the light reflected from a flat end mirror. Advantages of this technique are data acquisition speed and use of a common instrument. Disadvantages are reduced sampling interval, uncertainty of tangential position, and sagittal/tangential aspect ratio other than unity. Also, deep aspheric surfaces cannot be measured on a Fizeau interferometer without a specially made fringe nulling holographic plate. Other scanning instruments have been developed for measuring height, slope, or curvature profiles of the surface, but lack accuracy for very long scans required for X-ray synchrotron mirrors. The Long Trace Profiler (LTP) was developed specifically for long x-ray mirror measurement, and still outperforms other instruments, especially for aspheres. Thus, this paper focuses on error reduction techniques for the LTP.
Author : John F. Osantowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Grazing Incidence Optics written by John F. Osantowski and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Luigi Cocco
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535105841
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Modern Metrology Concerns written by Luigi Cocco and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What are the recent developments in the field of Metrology?" International leading experts answer this question providing both state of the art presentation and a road map to the future of measurement science. The book is organized in six sections according to the areas of expertise, namely: Introduction; Length, Distance and Surface; Voltage, Current and Frequency; Optics; Time and Relativity; Biology and Medicine. Theoretical basis and applications are explained in accurate and comprehensive manner, providing a valuable reference to researchers and professionals.
Author : Stuart C. Bowyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Grazing Incidence Optics for Astronomical and Laboratory Applications written by Stuart C. Bowyer and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexei Erko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540745602
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics written by Alexei Erko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-14 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes modern developments in reflective, refractive and diffractive optics for short wavelength radiation. It also covers recent theoretical approaches to modelling and ray-tracing the x-ray and neutron optical systems. It is based on the joint research activities of specialists in x-ray and neutron optics, working together under the framework of the European Programme for Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST, Action P7) in the period 2002-2006.
Author : John L. Remo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Full Surface Interferometric Testing of Grazing Incidence Mirrors written by John L. Remo and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contract demonstrated the proof-of-principle of the Full Surface Interferometric Scanner (FSIS), an instrument which can rapidly and reliably measure both the full surface figure as well as the macroroughness of grazing incidence optics. The FSIS has the potential to fill the need of SDIO to characterize and qualify the necessary off-axis aspherical mirror technology that will be used for weapon pointing, beam control, and beam propagation through several environments and countermeasures. This instrument design is based on the use of normal incidence, sub-aperture interferometry and wavefront shearing interferometry which surmounts many of the problems encountered by other (eg, long trace profilers) techniques. This new system, the FSIS, for which we have developed a breadboard system which makes novel use of three sequential operations: sub-aperture slope measurement, wavefront integration, and surface profile synthesis. It appears that the FSIS will find application in X-ray and UV high resolution lithography, medical imaging, astronomy, physics, microbiology, and industrial (surface) quality control. (jhd).
Author : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 858 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book NASA Space Systems Technology Model written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Optical Society of America
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071753427
Total Pages : 6122 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Optics Third Edition, 5 Volume Set written by Optical Society of America and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-05-18 with total page 6122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource available Prepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to the fundamentals of the discipline and its greatest minds. Individual chapters are written by the world's most renowned experts who explain, illustrate, and solve the entire field of optics. Each volume contains a complete chapter listing for the entire Handbook, extensive chapter glossaries, and a wealth of references. This pioneering work offers unprecedented coverage of optics data, techniques, and applications. Volume I covers geometrical and physical optics, polarized light, components, and instruments. Volume II covers design, fabrications, testing, sources, detectors, radiometry, and photometry. Volume III, all in full color, covers vision and vision optics. Volume IV covers optical properties of materials, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics. Volume V covers atmospheric optics, modulators, fiber optics, and x-ray and neutron optics. Visit www.HandbookofOpticsOnline.com to search all five volumes and download a comprehensive index.
Author : R. Sweet
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468480413
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation in Structural Biology written by R. Sweet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of synchrotron radiation (SR) as a research tool was driven largely by the needs of materials scientists and solid-state physi cists. However, the availability of SR has extended significantly the capa bility of scientists who study biological structure with radiation. This volume contains some of the results reported at a symposium held at Brookhaven National Laboratory in May 1988 to discuss the application of synchrotron radiation to structural biology. We are grateful for financial support from the u. s. Department of Energy, the National Institutes of Health, Genentech, Inc., Blake Indus tries, Inc., Evans and Sutherland Co., The Upjohn Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Enraf-Nonius Service Corp., and Associated Universities, Inc. We warmly thank Ms. Nancy Siemon for her tireless efforts with correspondence and the manuscripts for this symposium volume. Symposium Committee: Robert M. Sweet, Chair Malcolm S. Capel Benno P. Schoenborn John C. Sutherland Elizabeth C. Theil Stephen W. White Avril D. Woodhead Helen Z. Kondratuk, Coordinator v CONTENTS An Introduction to the Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 R. M. Sweet SYMPOSIUM LECTURE Developments in X-ray Technology and Their Contribution to Structural Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 H. E. Huxley SOME OF THE SYNCHROTRON FACILITIES FOR BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES MacChess - A Macromolecular Diffraction Resource at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 W. Schi1dkamp, K. Moffat, B. Batterman, D. Bilderback, T-Y. Teng, A. LeGrand and D. Szebenyi Facilities Available for Biophysics Research at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 R. P."
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Army Research and Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael Bass
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071633146
Total Pages : 1293 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (716 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume V: Atmospheric Optics, Modulators, Fiber Optics, X-Ray and Neutron Optics written by Michael Bass and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2009-11-13 with total page 1293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource available Prepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to the fundamentals of the discipline and its greatest minds. Individual chapters are written by the world's most renowned experts who explain, illustrate, and solve the entire field of optics. Each volume contains a complete chapter listing for the entire Handbook, extensive chapter glossaries, and a wealth of references. This pioneering work offers unprecedented coverage of optics data, techniques, and applications. Volume V covers atmospheric optics, modulators, fiber optics, and x-ray and neutron optics.
