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Author : Tianren Xu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (875 download)
Download or read book Development of High-energy Cathode Materials for Lithium-sulfur Batteries written by Tianren Xu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shuru Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Development of Cathode Materials and Electrolytes for High-energy Lithium-sulfur Batteries written by Shuru Chen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted great attentionbecause they promise an energy density 3-5 times higher than that of currentstate-of-the-art lithium ion batteries at lower cost. However, current Li-S frequently suffer from low practical energy density, poor cycle life, low efficiency, and high self-discharge. Those issues mainly stem from the poorconductivity of sulfur and its lithiated products, the dissolution and side-reactions of intermediate lithium polysulfides, and the unstable lithium-electrolyte interface.This dissertation focuses on development of high-sulfur-fraction carbon/sulfur composite cathode materials and efficient electrolyte systems for Li-S batteries, aiming to improve both their practical energy densities and electrochemical performance. In Chapter 3, hollow carbon (HC) spheres with extremely high specific volume (>10 cm3 g-1) are shown to accommodate ultrahigh sulfur fraction (~90 wt%) in their nano-scale pores. The obtained HC/S composites enable high areal sulfur loading of up to 6.9 mg cm-2 in the cathode electrode using industry-adopted coating techniques. In addition, a new hydrofluoroether-based electrolyte is shown to significantly mitigate polysulfide dissolution and also to facilitate the electrochemicalreactions of sulfur cathodes. Combined with this new electrolyte, thehigh-sulfur-fraction and high-areal-loading HC/S composite cathode can achieve exceptional performance, which can significantly improve both the cyclability and the practical energy density of the Li-S batteries. In chapter 4, substituting soluble Li polysulfides for conventional Li salts in the commonly used Li-S electrolyte is found to not only contribute extra capacity but also significantly improve the cycling performance of Li-S cells. In chapter 5, a new functional electrolyte system using electrochemically active organosulfides (e.g., dimethyl disulfide) as co-solvents is shown to reduce the required electrolyte amount while at the same time increasing cell capacity. The organosulfides lead to a new reaction pathway for sulfur cathodes, which involves the chemical reactions between organosulfides and sulfur to new intermediate organopolysulfides, followed by their subsequent electrochemical reactions during cell cycling. Through this new mechanism, the functional organosulfide electrolyte not only contributes a significant amount of capacity, but also enables good cathode cyclability by way of an automatic discharge shutoff mechanism. This new functional electrolyte system thus promises high energy density for Li-S batteries.In the appendix, the development of silicon-carbon yolk-shell nanocomposite materials is discussed. These high-performance silicon anode materials can potentially be used to replace the Li anode, which in the long term can improve the cycle life and safety of Li-S batteries.
Author : Katerina E. Aifantis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9783527630028
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (3 download)
Download or read book High Energy Density Lithium Batteries written by Katerina E. Aifantis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Engineering for High Density Energy Storage provides first-hand knowledge about the design of safe and powerful batteries and the methods and approaches for enhancing the performance of next-generation batteries. The book explores how the innovative approaches currently employed, including thin films, nanoparticles and nanocomposites, are paving new ways to performance improvement. The topic's tremendous application potential will appeal to a broad audience, including materials scientists, physicists, electrochemists, libraries, and graduate students.
Author : Muhammad Suleman Tahir
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981992796X
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Key Parameters, Recent Advances, Challenges and Applications written by Muhammad Suleman Tahir and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Prashant Kumta
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128231696
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Lithium-Sulfur Batteries written by Prashant Kumta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-06-12 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries provide an alternative to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries and are showing promise for providing much higher energy densities. Systems utilizing Li-S batteries are presently under development and early stages of commercialization. This technology is being developed in order to provide higher, safer levels of energy at significantly lower costs. Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Advances in High-Energy Density Batteries addresses various aspects of the current research in the field of sulfur cathodes and lithium metal anode including abundance, system voltage, and capacity. In addition, it provides insights into the basic challenges faced by the system. The book includes novel strategies to prevent polysulfide dissolution in sulfur-based systems while also exploring new materials systems as anodes preventing dendrite formation in Li metal anodes. Provides insight into the basic challenges faced by the materials system Discusses additives and suppressants to prevent dissolution of electrolyes Includes a review of the safety limitations associated with this technology Incorporates a historical perspective into the development of lithium-sulfur batteries
Author : Ram Gupta
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323919324
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Lithium-Sulfur Batteries written by Ram Gupta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Materials, Challenges, and Applications presents the advantages of lithium-sulfur batteries, such as high theoretical capacity, low cost, and stability, while also addressing some of the existing challenges. Some of the challenges are low electrical conductivity, the possible reaction of sulfur with lithium to form a soluble lithium salt, the formation of the dendrimer, large volume variation of cathode materials during the electrochemical reaction, and shuttle behavior of highly soluble intermediate polysulfides in the electrolyte. This book provides some possible solutions to these issues through novel architecture, using composite materials, doping to improve low conductivity, etc., as well as emphasizing novel materials, architectural concepts, and methods to improve the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. Covers the state-of-the-art progress on materials, technology, and challenges for lithium-sulfur batteries Presents novel synthetic approaches, characterizations, and applications of nanostructured and 2D nanomaterials for energy applications Provides fundamentals of electrochemical behavior and their understanding at nanoscale for emerging applications in lithium-sulfur batteries
Author : Rui Xu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (949 download)
Download or read book Toward High Energy and High Efficiency Secondary Lithium Batteries written by Rui Xu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Energy storage systems play an important role nowadays. Developing batteries with high energy and long cycle life has been an important research part in scientific and engineering field. Lithium ion batteries and the recent rising lithium sulfur batteries demonstrate a huge potential to be the next generation energy storage devices and being substitutes for fossil fuels in electric cars. This dissertation focuses on the development of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries with advanced electrochemical performances, and then on the design of novel lithium sulfur systems which can deliver a capacity five times as much as lithium ion batteries offer. In the first part of the dissertation, advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries were investigated in the aspects of material synthesis and performance test. Li-Mn-rich composite materials have high theoretical capacities (200 - 300 mAh/g). High energy composite material 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2, or written as Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5, was synthesized through a polymer-assisted method and a coprecipitation method in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The as-synthesized powder using the polymer-assisted method has a primary particle size in the range of 100-300 nm, and can reach a discharge capacity of around 230 mAh/g at the current density of 5 mA/g, and 170 mAh/g at 20 mA/g. The secondary particles of the composite material synthesized through co-precipitation method were spheres with diameters of around 10 [mu]m, and has an initial capacity of 295 mAh/g. 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 powder was synthesized via a spray pyrolysis method. The as-prepared material was spheres with a high porosity. The first discharge capacity of the material was over 300 mAh/g. High voltage spinel cathode material has a high working potential and thus can generate a high energy. LiNi0.24Mn1.76O4 was prepared through a simple solid state method and the as-prepared material was tested between 3 - 4.8 V. The material has excellent rate capabilities and cycling stabilities. Nanofiber cathode materials were successfully produced using the electrospinning method. Through controlling a series of electrospinning parameters, LiFePO4 and high voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LMNO) nanofibers with a diameter as thin as 50 - 100 nm were fabricated followed by a subsequent heat-treating procedure. The well-separated nanofiber precursors supress LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 particles' growth and aggregation during the heating procedure, and led to good performances of high capacities and excellent rate capabilities of the final LMNO nanofibers. At a current density of 27 mA g−1, the initial discharge capacity of the cell was 130 mAh g−1 (charge-discharge between 3.5 - 4.8 V) and 300 mAh g−1 (2.0 - 4.8 V). In the second part of the dissertation, lithium sulfur systems were investigated due to their high theoretical capacity and the use of abundant and safe sulfur cathode material. To understand the chemistry and problems within a lithium-sulfur cell, various techniques were applied to study the system including SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and etc. It was identified that one of the main problems in a Li-S cell that hinders its achieving a high performance is the so-called 'shuttle reactions'. It was resulted from the dissolution of lithium polysulfides into the electrolyte and migration to the lithium anode. Another issue was the difficulty of fully discharge a sulfur cathode due to the low conductivity of reduction product, lithium sulfide. Several approaches aiming to resolve the problems were designed to improve the cell's coulombic efficiency, capacity and cycle life. The electrochemical performances of lithium sulfur batteries and electrochemistry mechanisms within the cell system were investigated in the following aspects: 1) Impact of liquid electrolytes (including carbonate-based electrolytes and ether-based electrolytes) 2) Impact of the LiNO3 additive as a shuttle inhibitor 3) Impact of the sulfur/carbon ratio in the electrode 4) Impact of different carbon forms in the electrode 5) Impact of impregnating sulfur in the carbon pores in the electrode 6) Impact of adding polysulfide adsorbents 7) Surface morphology change of the lithium anode and the sulfur cathode 8) Composition of lithium polysulfide solution and powder 9) Self-discharge phenomenon 10) Cell intermediate and interface characterization. Last but not least, we developed a novel polysulfide-based electrolyte that prevents the performance degradation inherent to Li-S batteries by self-healing. By creating a dynamic equilibrium between the dissolution and precipitation of lithium polysulfides at the sulfur/electrolyte interface, the Li-S cells were capable of delivering a superior capacity (1450 mAh/g, sulfur), which along with the high coulombic efficiency and excellent cycle life make our cells among the best performing Li-S cells. In addition, the present technology eliminates the need for complicated and costly electrode preparation. The polysulfides in the electrolyte eliminate the need for traditional lithium salts"--Pages vi-ix.
Author : Rezan Demir-cakan
Publisher : #N/A
ISBN 13 : 1786342510
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)
Download or read book Li-s Batteries: The Challenges, Chemistry, Materials, And Future Perspectives written by Rezan Demir-cakan and published by #N/A. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This book provides an excellent review and analysis of the latest information on rechargeable Li-S battery research. With a clear and concise writing style and in-depth technical material , this book will appeal to undergraduates and graduates, researchers, chemists, material scientists, and physicists working in the field of energy storage, especially those with an interest in Li-S battery technology.'IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineLithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries give us an alternative to the more prevalent lithium-ion (Li-ion) versions, and are known for their observed high energy densities. Systems using Li-S batteries are in early stages of development and commercialization however could potentially provide higher, safer levels of energy at significantly lower cost.In this book the history, scientific background, challenges and future perspectives of the lithium-sulfur system are presented by experts in the field. Focus is on past and recent advances of each cell compartment responsible for the performance of the Li-S battery, and includes analysis of characterization tools, new designs and computational modeling. As a comprehensive review of current state-of-play, it is ideal for undergraduates, graduate students, researchers, physicists, chemists and materials scientists interested in energy storage, material science and electrochemistry.
Author : Arumugam Manthiram
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030908992
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)
Download or read book Advances in Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries written by Arumugam Manthiram and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest advances in rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries and provides a guide for future developments in this field. Novel electrode compositions and architectures as well as innovative cell designs are needed to make Li-S technology practically viable. Nowadays, several challenges still persist, such as the shuttle of lithium polysulfides and the poor reversibility of lithium-metal anode, among others. However over the past several years significant progress has been made in the research and development of Li-S batteries. This book addresses most aspects of Li-S batteries and reviews the topic in depth. Advances are summarized and guidance for future development is provided. By elevating our understanding of Li-S batteries to a high level this may inspire new ideas for advancing this technology and making it commercially viable. This book is of interest to the battery community and will benefit graduate students and professionals working in this field
Author : Guangyuan Zheng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (889 download)
Download or read book Beyond Lithium Ion written by Guangyuan Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emerging applications of electric vehicles (EV) and grid scale energy storage are pushing the limit of energy storage technologies. To meet the US Department of Energy (DOE)'s targets for EV batteries and grid storage, battery chemistries beyond the current lithium ion systems are required. Among the many new chemistries studied, lithium sulfur battery is one of the most promising technologies that could have high specific energy and low cost. In this thesis, I will examine the main challenges in lithium sulfur batteries and present my study on using nanoscale engineering approaches to address the problems of both the sulfur cathode and the lithium metal anode. Lithium sulfur battery has a theoretical specific energy of around 2600 Wh/kg, around 10 times that of the current lithium ion battery technology. The large abundance of sulfur also means that battery cost can be significantly reduced by replacing the expensive transition metals used in conventional lithium ion batteries. However, sulfur is a highly insulating material and the intermediate discharge products lithium polysulfides can easily dissolve into the electrolyte. In the first part of my study, I will describe my work on using nanostructure materials to improve the sulfur cathode performance. By using nanostructure design, sulfur can be embedded into nanoscale conductive matrix, which significantly improve the sulfur utilization and reduce the polysulfide dissolution. We demonstrated that high specific capacity of around 1400 mAh/g could be achieved using the hollow carbon nanofiber encapsulated sulfur cathode structure. I will also present my study on the interfacial properties in the sulfur cathode, their potential effect on the initial capacity decay and our solutions to address the problem. The change in binding strength between the sulfur cathode and the conductive carbon matrix was observed using ex-situ¬ TEM study. We tackle this problem by functionalizing the carbon surface with amphiphilic polymers that allow anchoring of the polar lithium sulfides species to the non-polar carbon surface. We also used a patterned surface to confirm this phenomenon, by demonstrating controlled spatial deposition of lithium sulfide. Based on the study, we fabricated a hybrid electrode consisting of metal oxide particles decorated carbon nanofiber current collectors, which show marked improvement in stabilizing the sulfur cathode performance. For the anode side, I will present my research on using nanoscale engineering approach to improve the lithium metal anode. Lithium metal has long been considered the "holy grail" in lithium battery research, due to its high specific capacity and the lowest potential among all lithium anode materials. However, the problems of lithium dendrite formation and low cycling Coulombic efficiency have prevented lithium metal anode from successful application. By introducing a nanoscale interfacial layer of interconnected hollow carbon spheres onto the lithium surface, we demonstrate that lithium dendrite formation can be largely suppressed at a practical current density and the cycling Coulombic efficiency significantly improved. Our work provides a new direction in addressing the long-standing lithium metal problems. I will also talk about the semi-liquid flow battery design for grid storage, by paring lithium polysulfide catholyte with lithium metal. The energy density and power density can be potentially decoupled in the semi-liquid flow batteries. The catholyte (lithium polysulfide solution) can be stored in an external tank and pumped into the battery chamber on demand. The system has a very high energy density of around 170 Wh/kg (190 Wh/L), with an impressive cycle life of more than 2400 cycles at constant capacity charging of 200 mAh/g.
Author : Tongjie Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Performance and Safety Behavior of Sulfide Electrolyte-based Solid-state Lithium Batteries written by Tongjie Liu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most researched battery system nowadays. LIBs, since their commercialization in the 1990s, provide better gravimetric/volumetric energy density, higher voltage, and cycle life with lower self-discharge than previously developed battery systems. All those advantages made the LIB systems an excellent candidate as the power source for portable electronic devices, electric-powered vehicles, space vehicles, electricity grid storage, and future electric aviation. However, there is a limitation to developing higher-capacity lithium-ion batteries as we approach the practical limit of the presently used cathodes, which makes today's high-energy LIBs. Moreover, small-form-factor portable electric devices and large-scale applications of LIB systems for electric vehicles, space vehicles, electric and hybrid aircraft, and grid storage are all facing challenges of lower than required safety levels in today's LIBs. Thus, developing new technologies and components of batteries with higher energy density and safety levels is the most desirable research & development topic. In this case, the lithium-sulfur battery (LSB) system is an excellent candidate for increasing the battery system's energy, beyond the energy storage limit of today's LIBs. With ~650 Wh kg-1 of gravimetric energy density, Li-S battery (LSB) achieved more than two times the energy density of state-of-art LIBs (~250 Wh kg-1). Organic liquid electrolyte (OLE) is one of the essential components in LIBs due to its high ionic conductivity (10-2-10-1 S cm-1) and electrode wettability at ambient conditions. As the temperature rises, the lack of thermal stability and high flammability of OLEs becomes a significant challenge in designing a safe operable LIB. Even a moderately elevated temperature (>65℗ʻC) can severely diminish the useful capacity and cycle life and can pose thermal safety issues (such as fire and explosions). Pursuing safer electrolytes led battery researchers and manufacturers around the globe to a significant task in developing a high-conductivity, thermally-stable solid-state electrolyte (SE). Depending on material selection (polymer or inorganic ceramics or polymer-ceramic composite), the solid electrolyte can be incombustible, nonvolatile, nonflammable, and stable at elevated temperatures. Combining the concept of LSB (high energy) and SE (enhanced safety), researchers introduced high energy density, high safety all-solid-state batteries, particularly all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. My research involves understanding the performance and safety behavior of next-generation, high-energy, high-safety all-solid-state lithium batteries, including LSB and LIBs. In my study, we experimented with sulfur-infused carbon as high-capacity cathode materials. We infused the sulfur at different temperatures. We utilized carbon cloth, activated carbon on carbon cloth, and hierarchical porous carbon on carbon cloth as substrate. The cathodes were tested in the baseline liquid electrolyte-based lithium-sulfur battery. To increase the safety of the lithium-sulfur battery, we synthesized different solid electrolytes based on sulfides, such as lithium phosphorous sulfur bromine iodine (LPSBI) and lithium phosphorous sulfur chlorine (LPSCl). The selection of these Li+ conducting sulfides was based on different useful properties such as i) high Li+ conductivity, ii) high interfacial stability with lithium anodes, and iii) high compressibility required for cell fabrication at room temperature. For the synthesis of Li+ conducting sulfide solid electrolyte, we have developed a scalable synthesis route that includes material sintering in a furnace in an Ar glovebox and eliminated the risk of letting the material contact with air compared to the state-of-the-art procedure that involves sintering the materials in a volume constraint quartz tube. Learned the challenges of state-of-the-art rechargeable and primary LSBs. For the first time, we constructed and studied the performance of sulfide SE-based primary (non-rechargeable) LSBs. My research suggests that future research should address optimizing i) sulfur cathode loading, ii) stack pressure, iii) electrode kinetics to make solid-state lithium-sulfur a secondary battery. The lithium (Li) anode can undergo infinite volume change during the charge-discharge of LSBs. For example, if one starts with a Li thickness of 100 ℗æm, during discharge thickness of the Li anode can vary from 100 ℗æm to 0. This kind of Li volume change, especially when using SEs makes the pressure applied on the battery critical. Without proper pressure, the connectivity of LSB components (viz., anode, electrolyte, and cathode) will falter and make the battery dysfunctional. Thus, understanding the effect of pressure on the battery plays an important role in solid-state LSBs. So we studied the effect of pressure on lithium deposition (charge) and strapping (discharge) against an important sulfide SE (Lithium Phosphorus Sulfur Bromine Iodide, LPSBI). We adopted a unique charge/discharge protocol using asymmetric cell configuration and determined the maximum allowed stripping and deposition current density at various pressures. This research will facilitate future progress on rechargeable solid-state LSBs and other rechargeable solid-state LIBs. Finally, my research focused on understanding the safety (thermal, electrochemical, and environmental) of sulfide SE-based all-solid-state LIBs using high voltage cathode (lithium cobalt oxide, LiCoO2 and low voltage anode (graphite, C). Thermal safety has been evaluated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and electrical safety by monitoring the open circuit voltage of a fully charged battery at different temperatures up to 170℗ʻC. Environmental safety has been evaluated by measuring the quantity of released H2S gas. The thermal, electrochemical, and environmental safety data obtained on sulfide SE-based all-solid-state LIBs has been found superior to commercial-type organic LE-based LIBs.
Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1789450136
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Na-ion Batteries written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers both the fundamental and applied aspects of advanced Na-ion batteries (NIB) which have proven to be a potential challenger to Li-ion batteries. Both the chemistry and design of positive and negative electrode materials are examined. In NIB, the electrolyte is also a crucial part of the batteries and the recent research, showing a possible alternative to classical electrolytes – with the development of ionic liquid-based electrolytes – is also explored. Cycling performance in NIB is also strongly associated with the quality of the electrode-electrolyte interface, where electrolyte degradation takes place; thus, Na-ion Batteries details the recent achievements in furthering knowledge of this interface. Finally, as the ultimate goal is commercialization of this new electrical storage technology, the last chapters are dedicated to the industrial point of view, given by two startup companies, who developed two different NIB chemistries for complementary applications and markets.
Author : Huamin Zhang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811007462
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Li-S and Li-O2 Batteries with High Specific Energy written by Huamin Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief reviews the fundamentals, recent developments, challenges and prospects of Li-S and Li-O2 batteries, including fundamental research and potential applications. It starts with a brief overview encompassing the current state of Li-S and Li-O2 battery technology. It then provides general information on Li-S and Li-O2 batteries, including the electrochemical processes and battery components. The following sections focus on the historical and recent development of Li-S and Li-O2 batteries respectively, offering detailed insights into the key material development, cell assembly, diagnostic test and mechanism of electrolyte decomposition. Lastly, it focuses on the main promising applications of Li-S and Li-O2 batteries together with their challenges and potential
Author : C. Nithya
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659825378
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (253 download)
Download or read book High Performing Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries written by C. Nithya and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The storage of electrical energy in highly efficient electrode materials is very significant to achieve high energy and power density which is a key requirement for portable electronics, electrical vehicles (EVs) as well as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Among the energy storage devices, Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs) are a promising candidate can satisfy our energy demand due to its outstanding energy ( 250-730 Wh/L) and power density ( 250-340 W/kg). The composition and structure of the cathode of LIBs plays a crucial role in effective lithiation and delithiation during the respective charge and discharge processes. The development of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries of high energy density has relied on the successful development of high energy density intercalation compounds (layered oxides and phopho olivines).Substitution of transition metals (in cathode materials) for other transition metals and non-transition metals has been recognized as one of the most reliable strategies to improve the energy density of LIBs.
Author : Zhi Wei Seh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)
Download or read book High-energy Lithium-sulfur Batteries written by Zhi Wei Seh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have transformed the world of portable electronics and consumer devices today, but their specific energy and cycle life remain insufficient for many emerging, modern-day applications such as electric vehicles and grid energy storage. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries represent a very promising technology for these applications because their theoretical specific energy is about 7 times that of lithium-ion batteries today. However, the challenges of S and Li2S cathodes include: (1) the formation of intermediate lithium polysulfide species which dissolve into the electrolyte during cycling and (2) the low electronic conductivity of S and Li2S. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel encapsulation materials and morphologies for these cathodes that can effectively confine the polysulfide species and facilitate electronic conduction. In this thesis, I will present my work on developing high-energy Li-S batteries, from theoretical understanding to materials design. First, I will present results from theoretical ab initio simulations which enable the systematic screening of promising encapsulation materials. Next, I will present four different designs of S and Li2S cathodes. The first design is that of S-TiO2 yolk-shell nanostructures, which uses oxygen-rich TiO2 as the encapsulation material. The novelty of this yolk-shell cathode lies in the precise engineering of internal void space to accommodate the volumetric expansion of S during lithiation, enabling long cycle life of 1,000 cycles to be achieved. The second and third designs: Li2S-graphene oxide and Li2S-polypyrrole composite structures, use oxygen-rich and nitrogen-rich materials respectively to encapsulate fully-lithiated and fully-expanded Li2S cathodes. Using these cathodes, we demonstrate high specific capacity and stable cycling performance over hundreds of cycles. The fourth design: Li2S-TiS2 core-shell nanostructures, uses highly-conductive and sulfur-rich TiS2 as an effective 2D encapsulation material. This cathode not only exhibits high rate capability of 4C (fast charge/discharge in 15 min), but also high areal capacity of 3.0 mAh/cm2, both of which are on par with commercial standards today. These works pave the way for the future development of high-performance and long-lasting rechargeable batteries.
Author : Matthew Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (973 download)
Download or read book Development of High Loading Lithium Sulfur Battery written by Matthew Li and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of batteries has been given much attention. With the development and rapid improvement of transistors, the power requirement of our electronics are quickly becoming higher and higher. Unlike Moore's law, since the commercialization of its newest iteration, the lithium ion battery (LIB) the battery technology has shown only incremental improvement. Popular fashionable companies such as Tesla has developed electric vehicles with acceptable mileage of around 400 km per change. Even with Elon Musk's ambitious goals, championing the change in the whole automotive industry, scientific barriers are met as the theoretical limits of the battery materials are reached. To answer to this, researchers around the globe have revisited old and thought to be too difficult to implement technologies such as the lithium sulfur battery (LIS). A LIS possesses a sulfur cathode and a lithium anode, which leads to one key advantage to LIBs, sulfur can store/bond to lithium at much higher ratios than traditional cathodes in LIBs. Boasting a theoretical energy density of about 5 times that of the current LIB, this technology has the potential to ultimately surpass and replace a lot of the LIB out in the market. Unfortunately, the reason it was given up decades ago was due to its debilitating problems. First and foremost, sulfur is a very good insulator making it difficult to efficiently deliver electrons to its reaction sites. Furthermore, during discharge and charge sulfur will dissolve into the electrolyte, upon deposition on insulating spots in the cell it disconnects itself from the circuit. In short the LIS are not durable and suffers from terrible cycle life. To address these challenges, researchers have develop many clever engineering designs such as modification to the electrodes, electrolyte, separator, anode all of which have shown great promise on the lab scale resulting in LIS with impressive performance surpassing LIBs. The first part of this thesis will be to develop a type of nitrogen doped porous carbon material that will serve as a modifier for the cathode improving its performance over bare sulfur cathodes. A first discharge of 1060 mAh g-1 was achieved at 0.2C and stabilized to ~860 mAh g-1 , a ~81 % retention in capacity over 100cycles. This material also offered significant improvements in rate performance. It was able to discharge at 5C delivering ~600 mAh g-1. Both the cycle stability and rate performance illustrates the impact of using nitrogen doping for LIS. In order for LIS to reach the market the one key parameter has to be addressed first and that is the loading of sulfur in the battery. Many of publications have displayed near theoretical/ideal performances, seemingly revolutionizing the battery industry, but unfortunately at impractically low loadings. Continuing from the low loading high performance electrodes of the first part of this thesis, the work in the second part will improve upon the porous carbon material allowing its application in high loading electrodes. It was quickly discovered that the nano-sized nitrogen doped porous carbon was unable to yield a robust electrode at higher loadings. Cracks and pinholes formed throughout the electrode leading to the eventual flaking/delamination of material. Larger nitrogen-doped porous carbon was synthesized through a simple addition of NaCl into the synthesis procedure. This aggregated the smaller polymer particles together forming micron size particles. Larger nitrogen doped porous carbon easily formed thick electrodes while at the same time achieved exceptional electrochemical performance. With a discharge rate of 0.1C a specific capacity of 1300 mAh g-1 was reached stabilizing to 1050 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles. Moreover, at 0.2C and 0.5C discharge rates this material delivered ~1000 mAh g-1 and 900 mAh g-1 respectively on first discharge.
Author : Mark Wild
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119297869
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Lithium-Sulfur Batteries written by Mark Wild and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to lithium sulfur batteries that explores their materials, electrochemical mechanisms and modelling and includes recent scientific developments Lithium Sulfur Batteries (Li-S) offers a comprehensive examination of Li-S batteries from the viewpoint of the materials used in their construction, the underlying electrochemical mechanisms and how this translates into the characteristics of Li-S batteries. The authors – noted experts in the field – outline the approaches and techniques required to model Li-S batteries. Lithium Sulfur Batteries reviews the application of Li-S batteries for commercial use and explores many broader issues including the development of battery management systems to control the unique characteristics of Li-S batteries. The authors include information onsulfur cathodes, electrolytes and other components used in making Li-S batteries and examine the role of lithium sulfide, the shuttle mechanism and its effects, and degradation mechanisms. The book contains a review of battery design and: Discusses electrochemistry of Li-S batteries and the analytical techniques used to study Li-S batteries Offers information on the application of Li-S batteries for commercial use Distills years of research on Li-S batteries into one comprehensive volume Includes contributions from many leading scientists in the field of Li-S batteries Explores the potential of Li-S batteries to power larger battery applications such as automobiles, aviation and space vehicles Written for academic researchers, industrial scientists and engineers with an interest in the research, development, manufacture and application of next generation battery technologies, Lithium Sulfur Batteries is an essential resource for accessing information on the construction and application of Li-S batteries.
