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Development Of Cobalt Oxide Based Catalyst For The Conversion Of Carbon Dioxide To Methane
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Book Synopsis Development of Cobalt Oxide Based Catalyst for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane by : Nurly Safiza Pathe
Download or read book Development of Cobalt Oxide Based Catalyst for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane written by Nurly Safiza Pathe and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transition Metal Oxide Layered Materials as Catalyst and Precatalyst for Green Energy Applications by : Ravneet Bhullar
Download or read book Transition Metal Oxide Layered Materials as Catalyst and Precatalyst for Green Energy Applications written by Ravneet Bhullar and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuels constitute 86% of global energy consumption. Even though fossil fuels have satisfied our energy needs for decades, they are non-renewable source of energy, and burning of fossil fuels is detrimental for the environment. Mining and extraction release toxic and heavy metals in the environment. The burning of fossil fuels release greenhouse carbon dioxide, SO2, NOX and volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. Hence, the development of non-fossil fuel based alternative sources of energy is a logical solution to address these concerns. This thesis work primarily focused on design, development and understanding the chemistry of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, particularly transition metal oxides, birnessite and lithium cobalt oxide as catalytic materials for the conversion of renewable energy into fuels and. In order to accomplish this, we principally studied the energy intensive oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) to generate synthetic fuels. Birnessite is a 2D layered manganese dioxide material with intercalated Lewis cations and water molecules. Birnessites have been extensively investigated for their catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction. In this work, we studied the influence of interstitial hydration structure on the catalytic efficiency of birnessite towards OER. The results of this study facilitated the development of upgraded, low-cost and, earth abundant catalyst for the OER. We demonstrated that the layered materials constructed from the same batch of nanosheets, but with different interlayer hydration structure exhibited significant differences in catalytic activity for chemical and electrochemical water oxidation. The dominant factor in these differences was the enhancement of relevant water fluctuations due to geometric frustration leading to enhanced electron transfer rate in the oxidation step of water splitting. Furthermore, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and Co-doped birnessite were explored for their competence as precatalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). FTS is a commercial technology that allows converting synthesis gas, a mixture of CO and H2, into fuels and chemicals. This process is fundamentally important in the reduction of fossil fuel dependency for the energy needs. It has a great potential for generating synthetic fuels from renewable sources, such as biomass, after its gasification into synthesis gas. The synthetic fuels produced via this technology have a lower local environmental impact as compared to the conventional fuel, since it is practically free of sulfur and nitrogen impurities and yields lower exhaust emissions of hydrocarbons. The present study focused on the use of cobalt-based catalysts for the production of small to medium chain hydrocarbons (paraffins and olefins). In particular, the correlation between product selectivity and varying catalyst properties and reaction parameters was studied. In-situ studies revealed that LiCoO2 was reduced to metastable Co(hcp) and Co(fcc) nanoparticles during the activation process, providing a high surface area medium for the adsorption and hydrogenation of CO. The catalyst exhibited a high %CO conversion with small to medium chain hydrocarbon products (C2-C7). Co-doped birnessited was reduced to Co(hcp) and MnO(ccp) phases during the activation step of the FTS reaction. MnO provided an excellent medium for the dispersion and stabilization of the cobalt nanoparticles to catalyze CO-hydrogenation. Lower olefins and paraffins (C2-C4) were selectively synthesized in conjunction with low CO2 production and methane selectivity. These studies suggested that transition metal oxide based layered heterogeneous catalysts are capable of producing chemicals and fuels directly from H2-rich synthesis gas. This gas-to-chemicals process can greatly reduce CO2 emissions, thereby contributing to the mitigation of climate change and the energy needs of the future generations.
Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Book Synopsis Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Hydrocarbons Vol. 1 Catalysis by : Inamuddin
Download or read book Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Hydrocarbons Vol. 1 Catalysis written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into various hydrocarbons and other products using photochemical, electrochemical and thermo-chemical processes. Products include formate, formic acid, alcohols, lower and higher hydrocarbons, gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and syngas.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Monoxide and Methane Over Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts by : Wenchi Liu
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Monoxide and Methane Over Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts written by Wenchi Liu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis is of vital importance in a wide range of areas including energy processing and chemical production. Catalytic conversion of C1 sources such as carbon monoxide and methane to make hydrocarbon fuels and oxygenated products has far reaching implications especially in the context of the gradual depletion of crude oil resource and the potential surge in the natural gas production in the coming decades. The control over reaction activity and selectivity for the conversion CO and CH4 in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have received tremendous attention and have been proved challenging. This dissertation focuses on the catalytic conversion of CO (Fischer–Tropsch synthesis) using supported cobalt based bimetallic nanoparticle model catalysts and the oxidative coupling of methane with noble metal promoted metal oxide catalysts. Using colloidal synthesis, a series of cobalt based bimetallic nanoparticles Co–M (M = Mn, Ru, Rh, and Re) with well-defined sizes, shapes, and compositions were obtained. Detailed synthesis procedures were presented and key synthetic parameters were discussed. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to extensive in-situ X-ray spectroscopy studies using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) under catalytic relevant conditions. Composition wise, the results indicate the surface concentration of Co on the as-synthesized Co–M bimetallic particles is slightly less than the bulk atomic Co %. While oxidation treatment led to a slight increase of the surface Co, major effect was seen after the reduction treatment where surface segregation of the second metal resulted in a drastic decrease of the surface Co content. The effect is more pronounced at elevated reduction temperatures. Under reaction conditions, the surface compositions remained similar to those after the reduction treatment at high temperatures. Among the bimetallics tested, the Co–Mn system is relatively less susceptible to surface reconstructions induced by oxidation and reduction treatments. In addition, the reducibility of Co was also shown to be modified depending on the second metal present and Re was proved to be most efficient in leading to a facile reduction of Co. Catalytic performance of the bimetallic catalysts supported on mesoporous silica MCF–17 indicates a positive effect in the catalytic activity for Co–Rh and Co–Mn systems, while Co–Re and Co–Cu showed decreased activity. Less pronounced promotion effect of the second metal on the product distribution was observed with only a slight increase in the selectivity towards C5+ products. The selectivities for CH4 and C5+ of the various Co–M bimetallic catalysts generally resemble those of pure Co catalysts. Although in extremely low selectivity, alcohols were also formed with Co–Rh and Co–Cu bimetallic catalysts. The appearance of longer chain alcohol such as propanol, which was not present for pure Co catalysts, is an evidence for potential synergistic promotion. For oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), the promotion effect of noble metals (Pt, Ir, and Rh) on the performance of MnxOy-Na2WO4/MCF–17 catalysts was investigated. The introduction of noble metals had little effect on the surface area and phase composition of the original catalyst but led to a more reduced nature of the surface oxide species. Catalytic study revealed an enhanced selectivity towards both C2 and C3 hydrocarbons as compared to the undoped MnxOy-Na2WO4/MCF–17 catalyst in the order of Rh-doped > Ir-doped > Pt-doped samples together with a lower olefin to paraffin ratio. A more optimized strength of interaction between the carbon intermediates and the catalyst surface was suggested, which in combination with the improved reducibility of Mn and W species are believed to be responsible for the improved performance. In addition, monodispersed leaf-like manganese–tungsten–oxide (Mn–W–Ox) nanoparticles and hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) were synthesized and used as novel catalysts in OCM reaction. Preliminary results indicate that the MCF–17 supported Mn–W–Ox nanoparticle catalyst showed a CH4 conversion of 5.4% and C2 selectivity of 42% with good stability over time. On the other hand, hydroxylated h-BN exhibited good activity (~20% CH4 conversion) with moderate selectivity towards C2 hydrocarbons (20%–30%). However, the hydroxylated h-BN catalysts faced serious deactivation, which was not eliminated by lowering the reaction temperature or the oxygen concentration in the reaction gas feed.
Book Synopsis Green Carbon Dioxide by : Gabriele Centi
Download or read book Green Carbon Dioxide written by Gabriele Centi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-17 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PROMISING NEW APPROACHES TO RECYCLE CARBON DIOXIDE AND REDUCE EMISSIONS With this book as their guide, readers will learn a variety of new approaches and methods to recycle and reuse carbon dioxide (CO2) in order to produce green fuels and chemicals and, at the same time, minimize CO2 emissions. The authors demonstrate how to convert CO2 into a broad range of essential products by using alternative green energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydro-power as well as sustainable energy sources. Readers will discover that CO2 can be a driving force for the sustainable future of both the chemical industry and the energy and fuels industry. Green Carbon Dioxide features a team of expert authors, offering perspectives on the latest breakthroughs in CO2 recycling from Asia, Europe, and North America. The book begins with an introduction to the production of CO2-based fuels and chemicals. Next, it covers such topics as: Transformation of CO2 to useable products through free-radical-induced reactions Hydrogenation of CO2 to liquid fuels Direct synthesis of organic carbonates from CO2 and alcohols using heterogeneous oxide catalysts Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in methanol medium Fuel production from photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with water using TiO2-based nanocomposites Use of CO2 in enhanced oil recovery and carbon capture and sequestration More than 1,000 references enable readers to explore individual topics in greater depth. Green Carbon Dioxide offers engineers, chemists, and managers in the chemical and energy and fuel industries a remarkable new perspective, demonstrating how CO2 can play a significant role in the development of a sustainable Earth.
Book Synopsis Natural Gas Conversion VI by : T.H. Fleisch
Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion VI written by T.H. Fleisch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-06-01 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains peer-reviewed manuscripts describing the scientific and technological advances presented at the 6th Natural Gas Conversion Sumposium held in Alaska in June 2001. This symposium continues the tradition of excellence and the status as the premier technical meeting in this area established by previous meetings. The 6th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium is conducted under the overall direction of the Organizing Committee. The Program Committee was responsible for the review, selection, editing of most of the manuscripts included in this volum. A standing International Advisory Board has ensured the effective long-term planning and the continuity and technical excellence of these meetings.
Book Synopsis Surface Properties, Volume 95 by : Ilya Prigogine
Download or read book Surface Properties, Volume 95 written by Ilya Prigogine and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1996-08-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of surfaces has experienced dramatic growth over the past decade. Now, the editors of the internationally celebrated series Advances in Chemical Physics have brought together in this self-contained, special topic volume contributions from leading researchers in the field treating some of the most crucial aspects of the experimental and theoretical study of surfaces. This work delves into such core issues as: * Kinetics and dynamics of hydrogen adsorption on silicon surfaces. * Potential energy surfaces of transition- metal-catalyzed chemical reactions. * High-resolution helium atom scattering as a proof of surface vibrations. * Ordering and phase transitions in adsorbed monolayers of diatomic molecules. * The influence of dimensionality on static and dynamic properties of a system. * New applications to fields as varied as catalysts and the passage of molecules through membranes. This valuable resource provides important insights into the current state of knowledge about surface properties. Prigogine and Rice's latest work will stimulate the imagination and motivate the exploration of other aspects of this fascinating subject.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Biocatalysis by : Guillermo R. Castro
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Biocatalysis written by Guillermo R. Castro and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-10-14 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Biocatalysis explains the fundamental design concepts and emerging applications of nanoscale biocatalysts, such as bioconversions, bioelectronics, biosensors, biocomputing and therapeutic applications. Nano-biocatalysts refers to the incorporation of enzymes into nanomaterials. These enzyme-enhanced nanocarriers have many advantages, including low mass transfer limitation, high enzyme capacity, better stabilization, and the formation of single-enzyme nanoparticles. Smart nanocontainers have been developed for the smart release of their embedded active substances. These smart releases can be obtained by using smart coatings as their outer nanoshells. In addition, these nanocontainers could protect the enzymes from chemical or metabolic alterations on their delivering pathways towards the target. This is an important reference source for materials scientists and chemical engineers who want to know more about how nanomaterials are being used for biocatalysis applications. Explains the major fabrication techniques and applications of nanobiocatalysts Shows how nanobiocatalysts are used in a variety of environmental and biomedical sectors Assesses the major challenges associated with the widespread manufacture of nanobiocatalysts
Book Synopsis Methane Conversion by Oxidative Processes by : Wolf
Download or read book Methane Conversion by Oxidative Processes written by Wolf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309483360 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the locations where they are emitted or directly from the atmosphere. Once captured, these gases can be stored or put to use. While both carbon storage and carbon utilization have costs, utilization offers the opportunity to recover some of the cost and even generate economic value. While current carbon utilization projects operate at a relatively small scale, some estimates suggest the market for waste carbon-derived products could grow to hundreds of billions of dollars within a few decades, utilizing several thousand teragrams of waste carbon gases per year. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs assesses research and development needs relevant to understanding and improving the commercial viability of waste carbon utilization technologies and defines a research agenda to address key challenges. The report is intended to help inform decision making surrounding the development and deployment of waste carbon utilization technologies under a variety of circumstances, whether motivated by a goal to improve processes for making carbon-based products, to generate revenue, or to achieve environmental goals.
Download or read book Catalysis written by James J Spivey and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing need to find cost-effective and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels, chemicals and energy; catalysts are pivotal to such processes. Catalysis highlights major developments in this area. Coverage of this Specialist Periodical Report includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. In each volume, specific areas of current interest are reviewed. Examples of topics include experimental methods, acid/base catalysis, materials synthesis, environmental catalysis, and syngas conversion. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers.
Book Synopsis Development of a Nickel-cobalt Oxide Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation by : Alison Sarah Jane Cox
Download or read book Development of a Nickel-cobalt Oxide Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation written by Alison Sarah Jane Cox and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CO2 Methanation Over Alumina-supported Cobalt Oxide and Carbide Synthesized by Reverse Microemulsion Method by : Yue Yu
Download or read book CO2 Methanation Over Alumina-supported Cobalt Oxide and Carbide Synthesized by Reverse Microemulsion Method written by Yue Yu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past age, CO2 conversion catalysts have gained attention due to various environmental issues caused by CO2 emission. Catalytic reduction of CO2 using renewable hydrogen as reductant to produce renewable fuels is considered as a potential solution to store the surplus renewable energy and reduce the CO2 emission. Alumina-supported cobalt oxide and cobalt carbide catalysts prepared by reverse microemulsion (RME) method were investigated for CO2 methanation. Results showed that the prepared catalysts were nanosized particles ranged from 5-15 nm. XRD, BET, SEM and TEM were used for catalysts characterization and TPR was conducted to study the reducibility. The catalytic performance of these catalysts was studied by CO2 methanation reaction. At 400 ʻC, 3 bar, under a 60,000 mL gcat-1 h-1 flow (H2:CO2=4:1), the selectivity to methane on alumina-supported cobalt carbide catalysts can reach 0.96 and the conversion of CO2 was 0.78, showing high catalytic activity and mild reaction condition. With increasing pressure, the conversion of CO2, as well as the selectivity to CH4 both increased and reached 0.91 and 0.98 respectively at 11 bar showing excellent performance towards CO2 methanation. In-situ FTIR was used to study the mechanism of the reaction on alumina-supported cobalt catalysts. The pathway from CO2 to methane and adsorbed intermediates on catalysts were investigated. Intermediates and adsorbed species on the catalysts were investigated during the reaction. At lower temperature and lower gas concentration, CO2 was adsorbed on the surface as carbonates. When the reaction condition was achieved, adsorbed CO2 started to be reacted to CO and CH4 and intermediate species started to appear.
Book Synopsis Cobalt MOF-5 by : Christine Elizabeth Phillips
Download or read book Cobalt MOF-5 written by Christine Elizabeth Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As more attention is focused toward carbon dioxide emissions into the environment, conversion of CO2 to useful chemicals can utilize the extra carbon dioxide captured from power plant stack gas, instead of sequestration. The mainstream method of producing carbonates and carbamates utilizes toxic phosgene. The cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epichlorohydrin, or other epoxides, can produce carbonates without the use of phosgene. A catalyst with high surface area, Lewis acid sites, and an affinity for carbon dioxide is required to develop carbonates using carbon dioxide. A cobalt doped metal-organic framework-5 (Co21-MOF-5) was developed to test the cycloaddition reactions with carbon dioxide. The crystalline structure of developed Co21-MOF-5 crystals matched those reported. An average Langmuir surface area of 594 m2/g was developed. Of the reactions tested, using epichlorohydrin as a precursor at 80 °C and 7 bar over four hours produced the best result with a conversion of 43.3% and 100% selectivity for the carbonate. Using the precursor of styrene oxide under the same conditions produced a conversion of 55% with 35% selectivity to the carbonate. Reactions involving epichlorohydrin at higher temperatures did not show any measureable amounts of the desired product and could not be reproduced. Further investigation into using Co21-MOF-5 to produce a carbamate yielded a conversion of 25% with 100% selectivity, but a collapse of the catalyst crystalline structure.
Book Synopsis Cobalt-Based Catalysts for CO Preferential Oxidation by : Alicia Boix
Download or read book Cobalt-Based Catalysts for CO Preferential Oxidation written by Alicia Boix and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, catalysts based on cobalt supported on ZrO2 and CeO2 and CoCeMnOx were studied for the CO preferential oxidation (COPrOx) in hydrogen-rich stream able to feed fuel cells. Among them, the CoCeMnOx formulation showed the highest CO conversion at low temperatures, while the cobalt oxide supported on ceria presented the best selectivity toward CO2. The Co3O4 spinel was the active phase for the CO preferential oxidation detected in all catalysts. However, the CoOx-CeO2 and CoCeMnOx catalysts resulted more active than cobalt oxide supported on zirconia. The presence of ceria close to cobalt species promotes the redox properties and enhances the catalytic activity. In the CoCeMnOx catalyst prepared by coprecipitation, the incorporation of Mn represented an additional positive effect. The presence of Mn promoted the reoxidation of Co2+ to Co3+ and, consequently, the activity increased at low temperature. By X-ray diffraction (XRD) of CoOx-ZrO2 and the CoOx-CeO2 catalysts, the Co3O4 spinel and ZrO2 or CeO2 were identified in agreement with laser-Raman spectra. At the same time, the CoCeMnOx catalyst, prepared by coprecipitation of precursor salts, showed an incipient development of a new phase (Mn,Co)3O4 mixed spinel, due to the intimate contact between elements.
Book Synopsis Synthetic Liquid Fuels from Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide by : William Jefferson Boone
Download or read book Synthetic Liquid Fuels from Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide written by William Jefferson Boone and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
