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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Development of advanced CdTe solar cells based on high temperature Corning glass substrates written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Development of Advanced CdTe Solar Cells Based on High Temperature Corning Glass Substrates: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-10-373 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NREL has developed advanced processes for CdTe solar cells, but because of the temperature limitations of conventional soda lime glass, many of these processes have not been transferred to manufacturing. Corning is developing high temperature substrate glasses that are believed to be manufacturable and will lead to lower $/watt modules costs. The purpose of this CRADA is to evaluate these glassesin the advanced NREL processes. In addition, the CRADA seeks to develop manufacturable processes for transparent conductive oxide layers based on cadmium stannate.
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Author : Don Louis Morel
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428917292
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn[subscript 1-x]Ga[subscript x]Se2-Based Solar Cells: Final Technical Report, 26 May 1998-22 December 2001 written by Don Louis Morel and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Deidra Ranel Hodges
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)
Download or read book Development of CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells on Flexible Foil Substrates written by Deidra Ranel Hodges and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a leading thin film photovoltaic (PV) material due to its near ideal band gap of 1.45 eV, its high optical absorption coefficient and availability of various device fabrication methods. Superstrate CdTe solar cells fabricated on glass have to-date exhibited efficiencies of 16.5%. Work on substrate devices has been limited due to difficulties associated with the formation of an ohmic back contact with CdTe. The most promising approach used to-date is based on the use of an interlayer between the CdTe and a metal electrode, an approach that is believed to yield a pseudo-ohmic contact. This research investigates the use of ZnTe and Sb2Te3 as the interlayer, in the development of efficient back contacts. Excellent adhesion and minimum stress are also required of a CdTe thin film solar cell device on a flexible stainless steel (SS) foil substrate. Foil substrate curvature, flaking, delamination and adhesion as a result of compressive strain due to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the flexible SS foil substrate and the solar cell films have been studied. A potential problem with the use of a SS foil as the substrate is the diffusion of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr) and other elemental impurities into the layers of the solar cell device structure during high temperature processing. A diffusion barrier limiting the out diffusion of these substrate elements is being investigated in this study. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) films deposited on SS foils are being investigated as the barrier layer, to reduce or inhibit the diffusion of substrate impurities into the solar cell. Thin film CdTe solar cells have been fabricated and characterized by AFM, XRD, SEM, ASTM D3359-08 tape test, current-voltage (I-V) and spectral measurements. My individual contributions to this work include the Molybdenum (Mo) development, the adhesion studies, the silicon nitride (Si3N4) barrier studies, and EDS and SEM lines measurements and analysis of substrate out-diffused impurities. The rest of my colleagues focused on the development of CdTe, CdS, ZnTe, the CdCl2 heat treatment, and other back contact interlayer materials.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Varying Cadmium Telluride Growth Temperature During Deposition to Increase Solar Cell Reliability written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for forming thin films or layers of cadmium telluride (CdTe) for use in photovoltaic modules or solar cells. The method includes varying the substrate temperature during the growth of the CdTe layer by preheating a substrate (e.g., a substrate with a cadmium sulfide (CdS) heterojunction or layer) suspended over a CdTe source to remove moisture to a relatively low preheat temperature. Then, the method includes directly heating only the CdTe source, which in turn indirectly heats the substrate upon which the CdTe is deposited. The method improves the resulting CdTe solar cell reliability. The resulting microstructure exhibits a distinct grain size distribution such that the initial region is composed of smaller grains than the bulk region portion of the deposited CdTe. Resulting devices exhibit a behavior suggesting a more n-like CdTe material near the CdS heterojunction than devices grown with substrate temperatures held constant during CdTe deposition.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1080 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anthony Clark Vasko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (671 download)
Download or read book Issues in the Development of All-sputtered ZnO/CdS/CdTe Flexible Solar Cells written by Anthony Clark Vasko and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells are traditionally made on glass in a superstrate configuration, taking advantage of the transparency and mechanical rigidity of glass, as well as the ability to form the back contact last. However, there are advantages to fabricating solar cells on flexible substrates such as plastic sheets. Advantages include high specific powers (power generated per mass of the device) for low weight applications, the possibility for continuous roll-to-roll manufacturing suitable for industry, and the opportunity to place solar devices on objects and structures that are not necessarily flat. We have fabricated various flexible CdTe devices through sputter deposition, using aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) top contact. Early devices, made by naively applying fabrication techniques used with glass cells, had poor performance. This inspired several investigations. Traditional simple heuristic analysis of solar cell current-voltage curves assumes the cell is reasonably performing and that series and shunt resistance losses are small. This was not true for our early cells, inspiring us to derive a simple model for very poor cells. Early cells showed significant losses due to both series and shunt resistance. Series resistance losses in flexible cells inspired us to investigate more deeply series resistance losses in general, resulting in a fairly simple model that relates fill factor losses, in dot cells made in a typical geometry, to TCO sheet resistance. This model was confirmed by experiment. Series resistance losses also led to futher investigation of AZO properties. We have found that AZO sheet resistance increases during cell fabrication, but a model that is supported by experiment indicates that the resistivity change is limited to a finite thickness of material. This allows fabrication of AZO which remains of good sheet resistance throughout the fabrication process. Shunt resistance losses inspired a study of highly resistive and transparent (HRT) zinc oxide made by reactive sputtering with oxygen, which can be used as a buffer for shunts. Data on resisitivity as a function of oxygen in the sputter gas is given when using doped and undoped zinc oxygen sputter targets. Calculations on theoretical effects of such buffer layers are also presented. A high temperature cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treatment is needed to create high efficiency CdTe cells. This can be a difficult step for flexible cells, as it can lead to CdTe film delamination. We have optimized a treatment for flexible cells and found that conditions, different from those which are optimal for cells on glass, allows high performance with no delamination. Understanding of these issues allowed progress in the performance of our cells fabricated on flexible substrates. Ultimately, we have fabricated a flexible CdTe cell with efficiency of 10.5%. This efficiency is, to our knowledge, the best of any flexible CdTe cell which uses zinc oxide as a transparent conducting oxide. The performance of these cells also compares favorably to the best overall flexible CdTe cells.
Author : Wei Xia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (875 download)
Download or read book Approaches to Fabricating High-efficiency Ultra-thin CdTe Solar Cells written by Wei Xia and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis is an investigation of the fabrication, characterization and performance of high-efficiency and ultra-thin CdTe solar cells with an aim of reducing the material usage and cell manufacturing cost. Several approaches have been successfully carried out to directly or indirectly improve the device performance. Major achievements are listed below: 1) A close-spaced sublimation (CSS) process with an improved control of the deposition temperature-time profile was developed to fabricate high-quality ultra-thin CdTe films. Three key factors in the CSS process including oxygen pressure, substrate temperature and thermal etch duration were optimized. 2) A two-stage post-deposition treatment including a high temperature annealing (HTA) followed by a vaporous cadmium chloride treatment (VCC) was developed and optimized for the growth of high-quality CdTe films. The effects of HTA and VCC on ultra-thin CdTe solar cells were revealed by a combination of characterization techniques, including photoluminescence. 3) In a collaborative effort two new back contact buffers, MoOx and Te/Cu, were identified and applied in ultra-thin CdTe solar cells. Substitution of a conventional acid etching method with the new back contact buffers was found to enhance the cell efficiency from ~10% to ~13.5%. Moreover, the new buffers improved the reproducibility of cell fabrication. A low-resistance electrical back contact based on the Te/Cu buffer and Ni as electrode was developed. A thermal activation process was found necessary to promote ohmic contact formation. Cu diffusion into the Te layer and CdTe bulk layer occurred during the thermal activation process and must be controlled to prevent excessive diffusion into the CdS/CdTe junction. The effects of Cu concentration and Te thickness on device performance and cell stability were systematically investigated and a cell efficiency as high as ~15% with good stability has been achieved using an optimized Te/Cu buffer. 4) A novel vaporous zinc chloride treatment was developed for the formation of Cd1xZnxS from CdS films. Compared with conventional fabrication methods, the VZC method features simple setup and operation and is capable of producing Cd1xZnxS films with a homogenous structure. The Zn to Cd doping ratio in Cd1−xZnxS can be easily controlled by adjusting the process parameters. By replacing CdS with a more transparent Cd1−xZnxS as the window layer, CdTe solar cells with a higher (12-14%) short-circuit current, Jsc, have been demonstrated"--Page v-vi.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuInxGa{sub 1-x}Se2-Based Solar Cells; Phase I Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main tasks of the cadmium telluride portion of this project include the development of simplified processing for fabricating high-efficiency CdTe solar cells, studies on the long-term stability of CdTe devices, and the development of alternative transparent conducting oxides, window layers, and back contacts. The second portion of this project focused on CIGS solar cells. The main tasks include the development of a manufacturable process for CIGS devices and the development of high-band-gap alloys for use in tandem cell structures. Additional objectives include development of improved junction formation processing and contributing to the overall understanding of these materials and devices. Because the processing is manufacturing-driven, the authors use an all solid-state, simplified two-step process that relaxes the level of deposition control required.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuInxGa1-xSe2-Based Solar Cells: Phase I Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main tasks of the cadmium telluride portion of this project include the development of simplified processing for fabricating high-efficiency CdTe solar cells, studies on the long-term stability of CdTe devices, and the development of alternative transparent conducting oxides, window layers, and back contacts. The second portion of this project focused on CIGS solar cells. The main tasksinclude the development of a manufacturable process for CIGS devices and the development of high-band-gap alloys for use in tandem cell structures. Additional objectives include development of improved junction formation processing and contributing to the overall understanding of these materials and devices. Because our processing is manufacturing-driven, we use an all solid-state, simplifiedtwo-step process that relaxes the level of deposition control required.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn(subscript X)Ga{sub 1-x}Se2-Based Solar Cells ; Phase I Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main tasks of the cadmium telluride portion of this project include the development of simplified processing for fabricating high-efficiency CdTe solar cells, studies on the long-term stability of CdTe devices, and the development of alternative transparent conducting oxides, window layers, and back contacts. The second portion of this project focused on CIGS solar cells. The main tasks include the development of a manufacturable process for CIGS devices and the development of high-band-gap alloys for use in tandem cell structures. Additional objectives include development of improved junction formation processing and contributing to the overall understanding of these materials and devices. Because the processing is manufacturing-driven, the authors use an all solid-state, simplified two-step process that relaxes the level of deposition control required.
Author : Fadhil Khalaf Dahash Alfadhili
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Development of Back Contacts for CdTe Thin Films Solar Cells written by Fadhil Khalaf Dahash Alfadhili and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film solar cells based on polycrystalline p-type cadmium telluride (CdTe) represent one of these the most promising photovoltaic (PV) device due to high efficiency and low-cost production. Currently, CdTe solar cells provide the lowest cost electricity generation in utility-scale applications, which is a cost-competitive with the traditional power source, fossil fuel. CdTe thin film PV has attained 22.1 % of power conversion efficiency for small area scale and 18.6 % for modules scale. However, the high efficiency of CdTe devices has been achieved by increasing the photo-generated current by changing the traditional window layer (CdS) of CdTe to a wider bandgap material with better band alignment. The open-circuit voltage (VOC) remains below the theoretical limit due to a barrier at the back of the device due to the deep valence band edge of CdTe (-5.9 eV). Voc can be increased by adding a buffer layer between CdTe and the back electrode to decrease band banding and reducing carrier recombination at the back interface. In this thesis, several materials were investigated as a back-buffer layer, such as single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), zinc telluride (ZnTe), tellurium (Te), and cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) to minimize the bend bending at CdTe/back-buffer layer interface. An alternative method to reduce the carrier recombination at the rear surface, the use of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer as a passivation layer was also demonstrated. Finally, an effective method of CdCl2 treatment for CZT thin film was investigated. This method shows that zinc (Zn) can be maintained during the heat treatment.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Selective Growth of CdTe on Patterned CdS Substrates for High Efficiency CdTe Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of High-efficiency, Thin-film CdTe Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hussein Ismail Salim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Multilayer Solar Cells Based on CdTe Grown from Nitrate Precursor written by Hussein Ismail Salim and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. Rohatgi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (376 download)
Download or read book Development of High Efficiency Thin Film CdTe Solar Cells written by A. Rohatgi and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
