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Development Of A Scanning Probe Microscope And Studies Of Graphene Grown On Copper
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Book Synopsis Development of a Scanning Probe Microscope and Studies of Graphene Grown on Copper by : Haider Imad Rasool
Download or read book Development of a Scanning Probe Microscope and Studies of Graphene Grown on Copper written by Haider Imad Rasool and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A description of the construction of a low noise fiber interferometer deflection sensor is presented in order to illustrate the capabilities of the developed home built scanning probe microscope (SPM). A description of the critical components and a rationale behind their implementation in the design of the sensor is provided. An analysis of an ideal interference cavity is used to understand the optimization of the deflection sensor towards achieving the highest possible sensitivity and lowest deflection noise density. The low noise interferometer can be used to detect the motion of micron sized resonators without the need for external lenses or polarization sensitive optical components, allowing for simplified implementation in a variety of circumstances. True atomic resolution imaging of muscovite mica in water by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is demonstrated using the developed sensor in the home built SPM. Results on graphene grown on copper substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is provided. Graphene appears to grow over grains of different identities and across grain boundaries of the copper. Graphene island growth on the surface appears to depend on the underlying substrate. Temperature dependent growth studies show a significant decrease in growth rate with decreasing temperature. The graphene grown on copper is shown to be transferable to arbitrary substrates and can be suspended across perforations in a receiving substrate. The knowledge gained from the growths on copper allowed for the successful fabrication of a new type of hybrid polymeric - conductive AFM probe using patterned silicon substrates and thin copper films. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was performed on graphene grown on copper substrates using the home built instrument. First, atomic scale STM imaging of graphene on polycrystalline copper substrates was accomplished. Graphene is shown to grow continuously over atomic steps, edges, and vertices of these corrugated copper surfaces. Continuous graphene growth is observed to exist over facets of different identities. The results on polycrystalline copper strongly suggests that the copper atoms are mobile during growth and that the underlying substrate does not limit graphene growth. In addition, STM was performed on graphene grown on copper (100) single crystals. The growth is again shown to be continuous over a wide range of surface features. The grown graphene exists in a variety of orientations with respect to the underlying copper crystal lattice. This leads to graphene overlayers which are polycrystalline in nature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to reveal the crystallinity of graphene grown on single crystals and the real space distribution of the crystal domains in grown graphene. The compiled results of graphene growth on copper suggest that understanding and controlling the nucleation at the surface will ultimately be required for wafer scale growth of monolayer single crystal graphene on copper.
Book Synopsis Controlled Synthesis and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of Graphene and Graphene-Based Heterostructures by : Mengxi Liu
Download or read book Controlled Synthesis and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of Graphene and Graphene-Based Heterostructures written by Mengxi Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on the energy band engineering of graphene. It presents pioneering findings on the controlled growth of graphene and graphene-based heterostructures, as well as scanning tunneling microscopy/scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM/STS) studies on their electronic structures. The thesis primarily investigates two classes of graphene-based systems: (i) twisted bilayer graphene, which was synthesized on Rh substrates and manifests van Hove singularities near Fermi Level, and (ii) in-plane h-BN-G heterostructures, which were controllably synthesized in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber and demonstrate intriguing electronic properties on the interface. In short, the thesis offers revealing insights into the energy band engineering of graphene-based nanomaterials, which will greatly facilitate future graphene applications.
Book Synopsis Roadmap of Scanning Probe Microscopy by : Seizo Morita
Download or read book Roadmap of Scanning Probe Microscopy written by Seizo Morita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-30 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning tunneling microscopy has achieved remarkable progress and become the key technology for surface science. This book predicts the future development for all of scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Such forecasts may help to determine the course ultimately taken and may accelerate research and development on nanotechnology and nanoscience, as well as all in SPM-related fields in the future.
Book Synopsis Variable-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Growth and Characterization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene Layers by : Pedro Arias
Download or read book Variable-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Growth and Characterization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene Layers written by Pedro Arias and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have attracted attention from both academia and industry owing to their unique atomically thin structure and associated properties. The goal of this dissertation is to provide fundamental insights of the growth kinetics, surface structure, and thermal stability of hBN and graphene layers grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on metal substrates. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to investigate the surface structure of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) domains on Pd(111) grown via dissociative chemisorption of borazine on Pd(111)/Al2O3(0001) thin films. STM images acquired from the hBN/Pd(111) sample reveal moir patterns with different periodicities corresponding to rotational domains of hBN. Surface corrugations in each of the moir patterns were measured from the STM images as a function of the STM tunneling parameters. The corrugation amplitude z was found to depend on the tunneling bias and increases with increasing . The observed tunneling-parameter dependence in z were attributed to the electronic structure of the hBN/Pd(111) system. The domains with the largest , exhibit a bifurcation behavior in which some domains are nearly flat, and others develop "blisters", i.e., significant hills-and-valley geometric undulations. Hence, unlike any other monolayer hBN-on-metal system, hBN/Pd can have either mainly geometric or mainly electronic corrugation, depending on the domain orientation. The growth kinetics of hBN monolayers grown via CVD using borazine (B3N3H6) on Pd(111) were investigated using in situ variable-temperature STM. STM images were acquired during CVD of borazine on Pd(111) as a function of the substrate temperature T, the borazine partial pressure P, and time t. The STM images reveal a T and P dependent change in the growth mode: at higher P and lower T, (lower P and higher T), hBN nucleation occurs primarily on Pd step edges (Pd terraces). Furthermore, the mechanisms promoting growth across the step edges (as a carpet across steps) are identified. These results provide new insights into the nucleation and growth of hBN monolayers and potentially other 2D materials and related heterostructures on metal substrates. The thermal stability of hBN covered Pd(111) thin films was investigated using in situ variable-temperature STM. STM images were acquired from bare Pd(111) and hBN covered Pd(111) at temperatures between 600 K and 1000 K. It was found that the hBN overlayer enhances the stability of the underlying Pd surface by suppressing the surface mobility of adatoms. These results provide new, direct insights into the behavior of substrate supported 2D materials at elevated temperatures. Finally, in situ VT-STM was used to investigate the growth of graphene using benzene (C6H6) on Pd(111). STM images were acquired during and after benzene deposition at temperatures between 300 K and 1100 K. Compared to growth of graphene on Pd(111) using other hydrocarbon precursors (e.g. ethylene), benzene enables the growth of graphene at lower T, and at significantly lower doses, likely due to an increased probability of forming C6 and/or C6Hx(x
Book Synopsis In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies on the Dynamics of Metal-catalyzed CVD Growth of Graphene by : Zhu-Jun Wang
Download or read book In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies on the Dynamics of Metal-catalyzed CVD Growth of Graphene written by Zhu-Jun Wang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scanning Probe Microscopy: Characterization, Nanofabrication and Device Application of Functional Materials by : Paula M. Vilarinho
Download or read book Scanning Probe Microscopy: Characterization, Nanofabrication and Device Application of Functional Materials written by Paula M. Vilarinho and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-02-21 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the characteristic dimensions of electronic devices continue to shrink, the ability to characterize their electronic properties at the nanometer scale has come to be of outstanding importance. In this sense, Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) is becoming an indispensable tool, playing a key role in nanoscience and nanotechnology. SPM is opening new opportunities to measure semiconductor electronic properties with unprecedented spatial resolution. SPM is being successfully applied for nanoscale characterization of ferroelectric thin films. In the area of functional molecular materials it is being used as a probe to contact molecular structures in order to characterize their electrical properties, as a manipulator to assemble nanoparticles and nanotubes into simple devices, and as a tool to pattern molecular nanostructures. This book provides in-depth information on new and emerging applications of SPM to the field of materials science, namely in the areas of characterisation, device application and nanofabrication of functional materials. Starting with the general properties of functional materials the authors present an updated overview of the fundamentals of Scanning Probe Techniques and the application of SPM techniques to the characterization of specified functional materials such as piezoelectric and ferroelectric and to the fabrication of some nano electronic devices. Its uniqueness is in the combination of the fundamental nanoscale research with the progress in fabrication of realistic nanodevices. By bringing together the contribution of leading researchers from the materials science and SPM communities, relevant information is conveyed that allows researchers to learn more about the actual developments in SPM applied to functional materials. This book will contribute to the continuous education and development in the field of nanotechnology.
Book Synopsis Integration of 2D Materials for Electronics Applications by : Filippo Giannazzo
Download or read book Integration of 2D Materials for Electronics Applications written by Filippo Giannazzo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Integration of 2D Materials for Electronics Applications" that was published in Crystals
Book Synopsis Scanning Probe Microscopy¿in Industrial Applications by : Dalia G. Yablon
Download or read book Scanning Probe Microscopy¿in Industrial Applications written by Dalia G. Yablon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes new state-of-the-science tools and their contribution to industrial R&D With contributions from leading international experts in the field, this book explains how scanning probe microscopy is used in industry, resulting in improved product formulation, enhanced processes, better quality control and assurance, and new business opportunities. Readers will learn about the use of scanning probe microscopy to support R&D efforts in the semiconductor, chemical, personal care product, biomaterial, pharmaceutical, and food science industries, among others. Scanning Probe Microscopy in Industrial Applications emphasizes nanomechanical characterization using scanning probe microscopy. The first half of the book is dedicated to a general overview of nanomechanical characterization methods, offering a complete practical tutorial for readers who are new to the topic. Several chapters include worked examples of useful calculations such as using Hertz mechanics with and without adhesion to model a contact, step-by-step instructions for simulations to guide cantilever selection for an experiment, and data analysis procedures for dynamic contact experiments. The second half of the book describes applications of nanomechanical characterization in industry, including: New formulation development for pharmaceuticals Measurement of critical dimensions and thin dielectric films in the semiconductor industry Effect of humidity and temperature on biomaterials Characterization of polymer blends to guide product formulation in the chemicals sector Unraveling links between food structure and function in the food industry Contributions are based on the authors' thorough review of the current literature as well as their own firsthand experience applying scanning probe microscopy to solve industrial R&D problems. By explaining the fundamentals before advancing to applications, Scanning Probe Microscopy in Industrial Applications offers a complete treatise that is accessible to both novices and professionals. All readers will discover how to apply scanning probe microscopy to build and enhance their R&D efforts.
Book Synopsis Scanning Probe Microscopy and Electrical Transport Studies of Ferroelectric Thin Films and 2D Van Der Waals Materials by : Zhiyong Xiao
Download or read book Scanning Probe Microscopy and Electrical Transport Studies of Ferroelectric Thin Films and 2D Van Der Waals Materials written by Zhiyong Xiao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We also studied the interfacial charge transfer effect between graphene and magnetoelectric Cr2O3 via electrostatic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy, which reveal p-type doping with up to 150 meV shift of the Fermi level. The graphene/Cr2O3 heterostructure is promising for developing magnetoelectric graphene transistors for spintronic applications.
Book Synopsis Advances in Scanning Probe Microscopy by : T. Sakurai
Download or read book Advances in Scanning Probe Microscopy written by T. Sakurai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-03-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive presentation of the current knowledge on the electronic properties and manipulation of semiconductor surfaces. This book covers several of the most important and timely topics at the forefront of scanning probe microscopy, such as atom-resolving atomic force microscopy (AFM), application of atom manipulation for fabricating nanoscale and atomic scale structures, theoretical insights into Fullerenes, and atomic manipulation for future single-electron devices.
Book Synopsis Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Metal Clusters Supported on Graphene and Silica Thin Film by : Zihao Zhou
Download or read book Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Metal Clusters Supported on Graphene and Silica Thin Film written by Zihao Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of nucleation and growth of metals on a planar support at the atomic level is critical for both surface science research and heterogeneous catalysis studies. In this dissertation, two planar substrates, including graphene and ultra-thin silica film were employed for supported model catalysts studies. The structure and stability of several catalytically important metals supported on these two substrates were thoroughly investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) coupled with other traditional surface science techniques. In the study of the graphene/Ru(0001) system, the key factors that govern the growth and distribution of metals on the graphene have been studied based on different behaviors of five transition metals, namely Pt, Rh, Pd, Co, and Au supported on the template of a graphene moire pattern formed on Ru(0001). Both metal-carbon (M-C) bond strength and metal cohesive energies play significant roles in the cluster formation process and the M-C bond strength is the most important factor that affects the morphology of clusters at the initial stages of growth. Interestingly, Au exhibits two-dimensional (2-D) structures that span several moire unit cells. Preliminary data obtained by dosing molecular oxygen onto CO pre-covered Au islands suggest that the 2-D Au islands catalyze the oxidation of CO. Moreover, graphene/Ru(0001) system was modified by introducing transition metals, oxygen or carbon at the interface between the graphene and Ru(0001). Our STM results reveal that the geometric and/or electronic structure of graphene can be adjusted correspondingly. In the study of the silica thin film system, the structure of silica was carefully investigated and our STM images favor for the [SiO4] cluster model rather than the network structure. The nucleation and adsorption of three metals, namely Rh, Pt and Pd show that the bond strength between the metal atom and Si is the key factor that determines the nucleation sites at the initial stages of metal deposition. The annealing effect studies reveal that Rh and Pt atoms diffuse beneath the silica film and form the 2-D islands that are covered with a silica thin film. In contrast, the formation of Pd silicide was observed upon annealing to high temperatures.
Book Synopsis Select Applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy to Group XIV Surfaces and Materials by : Jeffrey Alexander McCausland
Download or read book Select Applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy to Group XIV Surfaces and Materials written by Jeffrey Alexander McCausland and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and characterization of different group XIV surfaces and materials generated through ultrasonic means is discussed. A brief review and survey of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques is given. The development of a method of biasless vibrational nanolithography on Si (100) is described that utilizes mixtures of water and propan-2-ol, butan-2-ol, or toluene. Experimental SPM orthotropic friction characterization of graphite, graphene, and graphene fluoride is discussed and utilized in subsequent chapters. Finally, the characterization of ultrasonically derived carbonaceous monolayers and multilayers from anthracite utilizing SPM and spectroscopic methods is presented. Intersectional extensions of these works is proposed for future work.
Book Synopsis Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Two-dimensional Materials by : Grady A. Gambrel
Download or read book Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Two-dimensional Materials written by Grady A. Gambrel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-dimensional materials are of fundamental and practical interest due to the unique properties they exhibit. As they are only one layer or one atom thick, their physical and electronic properties are sensitive to their local environment, and may be manipulated by engineering variations within the materials. Incorporating these materials into electronic devices requires that their interactions are well understood so that they behave as predicted. For this reason, the study of defects, likely contaminants, and engineered structures is worthwhile. The scanning tunneling microscope is of particular use in such experiments as it can be used to characterize the atomic structure and locally measure the electronic properties of samples. Graphene islands were grown on Cu(111) in ultrahigh vacuum to study graphene/copper interactions with minimal surface adsorbates. Using in situ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), both the physical and electronic structure were measured with atomic spatial resolution and compared with those of clean copper regions. These measurements indicate a decrease in the work function relative to clean Cu(111) and reduced coupling of surface electronic states to the bulk. Other measurements find that both the band edge and effective mass of Shockley surface state electrons are infuenced by the graphene layer. Similarly, single-layer germanene was grown on and measured on Cu(111). A competing alloy process which forms Cu2Ge restricts notable germanene coverage to a substrate temperature range between 40 degrees and 150 degrees Celsius. Atomic resolution imaging and tunneling spectroscopy are used to distinguish germanene and Cu2Ge regions, and probe the interaction of both with the Cu(111) substrate. Germanene was found to be weakly coupled to the Cu(111), maintaining an incommensurate 3.8 Angstrom lattice but lack any clear signatures of the Dirac point. In contrast, a 4.4 Angstrom lattice is observed on Cu2Ge that is commensurate with a v3 x v3 R30 reconstruction of Cu(111), and distinct unoccupied electronic states are observed well above the sample Fermi level.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Copper Substrate Orientation on Graphene Growth by : Zachary Robert Robinson
Download or read book The Influence of Copper Substrate Orientation on Graphene Growth written by Zachary Robert Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Situ Microscopy Studies of Growth Kinetics of Monolayer Graphene on Pd(111) by : Hoi Sing Mok
Download or read book In Situ Microscopy Studies of Growth Kinetics of Monolayer Graphene on Pd(111) written by Hoi Sing Mok and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of my thesis is to use in situ low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and investigate the growth kinetics of monolayer graphene domains and the role of oxygen on graphene layer formation. In order to determine the growth mechanisms, LEEM images were acquired during graphene layer formation via surface segregation of carbon on single-crystalline Pd(111). Electron reflectivities and graphene growth rates were measured as a function of annealing temperature, time, and oxygen partial pressure. From the time-dependent variations in surface work function and graphene growth area, possible rate limiting processes controlling graphene layer formation were identified. Introduction of oxygen during graphene growth resulted in a lowering of graphene growth rate. And, the measured rates of graphene growth decreased with increasing oxygen partial pressure. These results provide new insights into the graphene growth kinetics and the role of oxygen.
Book Synopsis Development and Application of Electrochemical Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques for Studying Interfacial Processes by : Sophie L. Kinnear
Download or read book Development and Application of Electrochemical Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques for Studying Interfacial Processes written by Sophie L. Kinnear and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modern Techniques of Surface Science by : D. P. Woodruff
Download or read book Modern Techniques of Surface Science written by D. P. Woodruff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-03-03 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised and expanded second edition of the standard work on new techniques for studying solid surfaces.
