Development Of A Dynamic Rumen And Gastro Intestinal Model In The Cornell Net Carbohydrate And Protein System To Predict The Nutrient Supply And Requirements Of Dairy Cattle

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Engineering Rumen Metabolic Pathways: Where We Are, and Where Are We Heading

Author : Emilio M. Ungerfeld
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889454266
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Rumen Metabolic Pathways: Where We Are, and Where Are We Heading by : Emilio M. Ungerfeld

Download or read book Engineering Rumen Metabolic Pathways: Where We Are, and Where Are We Heading written by Emilio M. Ungerfeld and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruminants were domesticated in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago and have since become an inseparable part of human diet, society, and culture. Ruminants can transform inedible plant fiber and non-protein nitrogen into meat, milk, wool and traction, thus allowing human utilization of non-tillable land and industrial by-products. The nutritional flexibility of ruminants is conferred by the rumen´s complex microbial community. Driven by rising income and population growth in emergent economies, the global demand for livestock products, including milk and meat from ruminants, has been increasingly growing, and is predicted to continue growing in the next few decades. The increase in production necessary to satisfy this rising demand is putting much pressure on already dwindling natural resources. There are also concerns about the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, potent greenhouse gases associated to ruminant production. The need to make ruminant production more efficient in the use of natural resources poses a big challenge to ruminant science, and within it, rumen microbiology. Recent years have seen important advances in basic and applied rumen microbiology and biochemistry. The knowledge generated has significant implications for the efficiency and sustainability of ruminant production and the quality of ruminant products for human health. The present compilation is an update of recent advances in rumen microbiology and ruminant digestion and fermentation, including original research, reviews, and hypothesis and theory articles. We hope that the experimental results, discussion, models and ideas presented herein are useful to foster future research contributing to sustainable ruminant production.

Modeling Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism

Author : R.L. Baldwin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780412591600
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism by : R.L. Baldwin

Download or read book Modeling Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism written by R.L. Baldwin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-05-31 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Role of mminants in human food production; Whyan animal scientist would choose to model animal systems; Basic organization of this book; Modeling principIes and terminology; Classification of models; Objectives in modeling; The modeling process I objective statements, block diagrams, equation forms and parameterization; Steps in modeling; Setting the modeling objective; Block diagrams; Formulation of mathematical statements; Development of numerical inputs; The modeling process II - solution algorithms, model evaluations and parameter estimation; Model solution algorithms; Evaluation of management and research models; Evaluation and use of analytical models for parameter estimation; Decision support software; Animal energetic models; Thermodynamic concepts in nutrition; Historical development of bases for feeding system models; Energy requirements for maintenance and production; Equations used to estimate maintenance and costs of production; Components of maintenanace; Protein and amino acid models; Current protein and amino acid systems; Analytic models of amino aicd and protein metabolism; Dynamic modeling; Biology and algebraic models of ruminant digestion; The rumen microbes and their metabolism; Balance models of ruminant digestion; An analytical model of rumen digestion; Microbial growth elements; Biology and algebraic models of growth; Classical equations for growth; Nutritional models of growth; Concepts of lhe basic biology of growth used in mechanistic models; Biology of lactation; Decent evolution of feeding systems for lactating dairy cattle; An analytical model of nutrient transactions during lactation; Dynamic models of ruminant digestion; Early dynamic models; Current dynamic models; Dynamic models of ruminant adipose tissue metabolism; Evolution of steady-state balance model; Radioisotope tracer elemets; Dynamic models of ruminant mammary metabolism; Development of model inputs and initial parameters; Descriptions of a model of mammary gland metabolism; Dynamic models of liver and viscera metabolism; Overall structure and notation; Mechanistic, dynamic models of growth; Beef growth models; Sheep growth and metabolism model; Lactation Background on MOLL Y. CSL; The program MOLL Y. CSL; Evaluation and use of a growth and lactation model; Behavioral analyses; Sensitivity analyses; Bioeconomic analyse.

Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant

Author : Peter J. Van Soest
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801427725
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (277 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant by : Peter J. Van Soest

Download or read book Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant written by Peter J. Van Soest and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monumental text-reference places in clear persepctive the importance of nutritional assessments to the ecology and biology of ruminants and other nonruminant herbivorous mammals. Now extensively revised and significantly expanded, it reflects the changes and growth in ruminant nutrition and related ecology since 1982. Among the subjects Peter J. Van Soest covers are nutritional constraints, mineral nutrition, rumen fermentation, microbial ecology, utilization of fibrous carbohydrates, application of ruminant precepts to fermentive digestion in nonruminants, as well as taxonomy, evolution, nonruminant competitors, gastrointestinal anatomies, feeding behavior, and problems fo animal size. He also discusses methods of evaluation, nutritive value, physical struture and chemical composition of feeds, forages, and broses, the effects of lignification, and ecology of plant self-protection, in addition to metabolism of energy, protein, lipids, control of feed intake, mathematical models of animal function, digestive flow, and net energy. Van Soest has introduced a number of changes in this edition, including new illustrations and tables. He places nutritional studies in historical context to show not only the effectiveness of nutritional approaches but also why nutrition is of fundamental importance to issues of world conservation. He has extended precepts of ruminant nutritional ecology to such distant adaptations as the giant panda and streamlined conceptual issues in a clearer logical progression, with emphasis on mechanistic causal interrelationships. Peter J. Van Soest is Professor of Animal Nutrition in the Department of Animal Science and the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University.

INRA feeding system for ruminants

Author : INRA
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 908686872X
Total Pages : 639 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (868 download)

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Book Synopsis INRA feeding system for ruminants by : INRA

Download or read book INRA feeding system for ruminants written by INRA and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The dietary supply model accounts for digestive interactions and flows of individual nutrients, so that feed values depend on the final ration. Animal requirements account for variability in metabolic efficiency. Various productive and non-productive animal responses to diets are quantified. This book presents the whole system for dairy and meat, large and small ruminant production, including specificities for tropical and Mediterranean areas. The first two sections present biological concepts and equations (with their field of application and statistical accuracy) used to predict intake (including at grazing) and nutrient supply (Section 1), animal’s requirements and multiple responses to diets (Section 2). They apply to net energy, metabolisable protein and amino acids, water, minerals and vitamins. Section 3 presents the use of concepts and equations in rationing with two purposes: (1) diet calculation for a given performance objective; and (2) prediction of the multiple responses of animal to diet changes. Section 4 displays the tables of feed values, and their prevision. All the equations and concepts are embedded in the fifth version of INRAtion® software for practical use.

Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants

Author : Mike Freer
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN 13 : 0643092625
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants by : Mike Freer

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants written by Mike Freer and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2007 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This publication represents a revision of the report entitled 'Feeding standards for Australian livestock. Ruminants' that was issued in 1990 by CSIRO Publishing in conjunction with the Standing Committee on Agriculture"--Introduction.

Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition

Author : J. France
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845933540
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition by : J. France

Download or read book Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition written by J. France and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of each of the subsequent chapters of this book is to promulgate quantitative approaches concerned with elucidating mechanisms in a particular area of the nutrition of ruminants, pigs, poultry, fish or pets. Given the diverse scientific backgrounds of the contributors of each chapter (the chapters in the book are arranged according to subject area), the imposition of a rigid format for presenting mathematical material has been eschewed, though basic mathematical conventions are adhered to.

Metabolic Modifiers

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies
ISBN 13 : 0309049970
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Metabolic Modifiers by : National Research Council

Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Production

Author : Pierre J. Gerber
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Production by : Pierre J. Gerber

Download or read book Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Production written by Pierre J. Gerber and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential of nutritional, manure and animal husbandry practices for mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) - i.e. non-carbon dioxide (CO2) - GHG emissions from livestock production. These practices were categorized into enteric CH4, manure management and animal husbandry mitigation practices. Emphasis was placed on enteric CH4 mitigation practices for ruminant animals (only in vivo studies were considered) and manure mitigation practices for both ruminant and monogastric species. Over 900 references were reviewed; simulation and life cycle assessment analyses were generally excluded

Feed Evaluation

Author : P. O. Osuji
Publisher : ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD)
ISBN 13 : 9789290532781
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Feed Evaluation by : P. O. Osuji

Download or read book Feed Evaluation written by P. O. Osuji and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Nutrition in Ruminants

Author : E.R. Orskov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400907516
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Nutrition in Ruminants by : E.R. Orskov

Download or read book Energy Nutrition in Ruminants written by E.R. Orskov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to be a companion volume to 'Protein Nutrition in Ruminants' (1982, Academic Press), which emphasized both the role of proteins and new systems for their evaluation. Here the focus is on energy-yielding nutrients and problems involved in evaluating them. Nonetheless in both volumes there is explicit recognition of the interdependence of energy and protein nutrition. I have not attempted to review comprehensively all the literature relating to ruminant energy nutrition and must apologize to colleagues whose work is not fully reported. Where possible tables and figures are taken from the studies of our group at the Rowett Research Institute since, if for no other reason, I am most familiar with these data. I have first considered the nutrition of the newborn and have stressed the role of behaviour 'in determining whether nutrients enter or bypass the rumen. The development of the rumen, the of anaerobic fermentation and the roles of various principles . species of rumen bacteria, protozoa and fungi in relation to different substrates, are summarized. This is followed by accounts of the factors affecting the utilization of different substrates and the v vi Preface absorption and metabolism of the end-products of fermentation and digestion, together with estimates of digestive capacity in various segments of the gut. The ruminant's requirements for energy-yielding nutrients is considered in relation to the per formance of various activities and to environmental conditions, particular attention being paid to the requirement for glucose precursors.

Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition

Author : D. I. Givens
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 9780851999289
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition by : D. I. Givens

Download or read book Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition written by D. I. Givens and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000-05-25 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current pressures to maximise the use of forages in ruminant diets have renewed interest in fast, inexpensive methods for the estimation of their nutritional value. As a result, a wide variety of biological and physiochemical procedures have recently been investigated for this purpose.This book is the single definitive reference volume on the current status of research in this areaCovers all forages eaten by ruminant animals

New trends for innovation in the Mediterranean animal production

Author : R. Bouche
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 908686726X
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (868 download)

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Book Synopsis New trends for innovation in the Mediterranean animal production by : R. Bouche

Download or read book New trends for innovation in the Mediterranean animal production written by R. Bouche and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-26 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean area shows a great diversity of livestock systems, depending on local resources and traditions, but also on the networking space where informational resources are available for producers. During the last decades, a lot of innovations have been conceived or introduced in the Mediterranean area, allowing livestock systems to remain competitive. The book looks at two main issues: firstly, it gives an updated review on the main innovations that significantly changed the activities of livestock production in the Mediterranean area in the recent past. Secondly, the focus lies on the extent to which these innovations improve the efficiency, ensure the socio-cultural basis or reduce the environmental impact of livestock systems. One major finding is a new vision of innovating systems based on the distinction between regulated innovation (when aims are fixed) and innovative design (when aims are questioned). Innovations reported in the book are dealing with a set of concerns. They concern the production techniques, the work organization, the equipment and infrastructures, the collective features for selection, reproduction, feeding or sanitary devices. They also concern the local organization such as product labelling, new dynamics around local breeds, collective rules for supply basin or approaches of new products for new markets. More recently, some innovations focus on environmental impacts of livestock production, due to an increasing consciousness of those kinds of problems. In the final part of the book, a round table copes with a crucial question: are traditions in Mediterranean livestock activities to be considered an obstacle or a source of innovation? This book provides a set of updated information and knowledge useful for researchers, students, extension services and policy-makers in the field of animal science.

Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine - E-Book

Author : David G. Pugh
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323624642
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine - E-Book by : David G. Pugh

Download or read book Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine - E-Book written by David G. Pugh and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Veterinary Medicine** Get practical answers from the only guide on the care of sheep, goats, and cervids! Authoritative yet easy to read, Sheep, Goat and Cervid Medicine, 3rd Edition covers all the latest advances in the field, including diseases and medical treatment, surgery, pain management, theriogenology, and nutrition. Clear instructions and hundreds of full-color photographs guide you step by step through common procedures including restraint for examination, administration of drugs, blood collection, and grooming. New to this edition is coverage of deer and elk medicine, reflecting the growing interest in these ruminants. Written by an expert team led by Dr. D.G. Pugh, this comprehensive reference is ideal for veterinarians and also for owners of sheep and goats. - Clear writing style and consistent organization makes the book easy to understand and use, with disease chapters including pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. - Coverage of both surgery and medicine in each body systems chapter makes it easier to choose between treatment options for specific disorders. - Superbly illustrated surgical procedures clearly demonstrate the steps to follow in performing medical and reproductive surgery. - Diverse, expert contributors include the most experienced authorities, each providing current information on the care of valuable breeding stock as well as pets. - Useful appendixes, now including veterinary feed directives, offer convenient access to information on drugs and drug dosages, fluid therapy, and normal values and conversions. - Consistent, logical format in each body systems chapter makes information easy to find by beginning with physical examination and diagnostic procedures, followed by discussions of common diseases that involve the system. - Comprehensive Feeding and Nutrition chapter covers diet evaluation, method of balancing rations, total parenteral nutrition, and examples of nutritious diets. - Explanation of the differences in normal behavior between sheep and goats shows how they are not the same, and require different methods of treatment. - NEW! Coverage of cervids has been added to chapters throughout the book, reflecting the growing popularity of deer and elk. - NEW! Thorough content updates are made throughout the book and reflect the latest research evidence. - NEW! 170 new clinical photos have been added. - NEW! Anesthesia and Pain Management chapter includes a new section on pain management strategies, reflecting the emphasis on controlling pain in small ruminants. - NEW! Expert Consult website offers an online version of the book, making it easy to search the entire book electronically. - NEW! Two new authors are respected and well-known veterinary medicine experts and educators: Dr. Misty Edmondson and Dr. Thomas Passler.

Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals

Author : J. P. McNamara
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 9780851999371
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals by : J. P. McNamara

Download or read book Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals written by J. P. McNamara and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes current research in modelling nutrient use in farm animals, from cellular to ecosystem level. The chapters are developed from papers presented at a satellite meeting of the 9th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held in South Africa in October 1999.Excellent papers from a top list of contributorsEditors of great reputationCovers the current topics of interest

Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant

Author : Peter J. Van Soest
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501732358
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant by : Peter J. Van Soest

Download or read book Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant written by Peter J. Van Soest and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monumental text-reference places in clear persepctive the importance of nutritional assessments to the ecology and biology of ruminants and other nonruminant herbivorous mammals. Now extensively revised and significantly expanded, it reflects the changes and growth in ruminant nutrition and related ecology since 1982. Among the subjects Peter J. Van Soest covers are nutritional constraints, mineral nutrition, rumen fermentation, microbial ecology, utilization of fibrous carbohydrates, application of ruminant precepts to fermentive digestion in nonruminants, as well as taxonomy, evolution, nonruminant competitors, gastrointestinal anatomies, feeding behavior, and problems fo animal size. He also discusses methods of evaluation, nutritive value, physical struture and chemical composition of feeds, forages, and broses, the effects of lignification, and ecology of plant self-protection, in addition to metabolism of energy, protein, lipids, control of feed intake, mathematical models of animal function, digestive flow, and net energy. Van Soest has introduced a number of changes in this edition, including new illustrations and tables. He places nutritional studies in historical context to show not only the effectiveness of nutritional approaches but also why nutrition is of fundamental importance to issues of world conservation. He has extended precepts of ruminant nutritional ecology to such distant adaptations as the giant panda and streamlined conceptual issues in a clearer logical progression, with emphasis on mechanistic causal interrelationships. Peter J. Van Soest is Professor of Animal Nutrition in the Department of Animal Science and the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University.

Modeling Biological Systems:

Author : James W. Haefner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387250113
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Biological Systems: by : James W. Haefner

Download or read book Modeling Biological Systems: written by James W. Haefner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-05-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I Principles 1 1 Models of Systems 3 1. 1 Systems. Models. and Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. 2 Uses of Scientific Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. 3 Example: Island Biogeography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. 4 Classifications of Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1. 5 Constraints on Model Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1. 6 Some Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1. 7 Misuses of Models: The Dark Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1. 8 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2 The Modeling Process 17 2. 1 Models Are Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2. 2 Two Alternative Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2. 3 An Example: Population Doubling Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2. 4 Model Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2. 5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3 Qualitative Model Formulation 32 3. 1 How to Eat an Elephant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3. 2 Forrester Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3. 3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3. 4 Errors in Forrester Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3. 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Forrester Diagrams . . . . . . . . . 44 3. 6 Principles of Qualitative Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3. 7 Model Simplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3. 8 Other Modeling Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 viii Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 9 Exercises 53 4 Quantitative Model Formulation: I 4. 1 From Qualitative to Quantitative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finite Difference Equations and Differential Equations 4. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 3 Biological Feedback in Quantitative Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 4 Example Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 5 Exercises 5 Quantitative Model Formulation: I1 81 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 1 Physical Processes 81 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2 Using the Toolbox of Biological Processes 89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 3 Useful Functions 96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 4 Examples 102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 5 Exercises 104 6 Numerical Techniques 107 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 1 Mistakes Computers Make 107 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 2 Numerical Integration 110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 3 Numerical Instability and Stiff Equations 115 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309069971
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle by : National Research Council

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.