Development And Mechanistic Studies Of Palladium Catalysed Oxidations Of Conjugated Dienes And Olefins

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Olefin Polymerization

Author : Walter Kaminsky
Publisher : Wiley-VCH
ISBN 13 : 9783527317424
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Olefin Polymerization by : Walter Kaminsky

Download or read book Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2006-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an enormous velocity, olefin polymerization has expanded to one of the most significant fields in polymers since the first industrial use about 50 years ago. In 2005, 100 million tons of polyolefins were produced - the biggest part was catalyzed by metallorganic compounds. The Hamburg Macromolecular Symposium 2005 with the title "Olefin Polymerization" involved topics such as new catalysts and cocatalysts, kinetics, mechanism and polymer reaction engineering, synthesis of special polymers, and characterization of polyolefins. The conference combined scientists from different disciplines to discuss latest research results of polymers and to offer each other the possibility of cooperation. This is reflected in this volume, which contains invited lectures and selected posters presented at the symposium.

Artificial Metalloenzymes and MetalloDNAzymes in Catalysis

Author : Montserrat Diéguez
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527804072
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Metalloenzymes and MetalloDNAzymes in Catalysis by : Montserrat Diéguez

Download or read book Artificial Metalloenzymes and MetalloDNAzymes in Catalysis written by Montserrat Diéguez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important reference for researchers in the field of metal-enzyme hybrid catalysis Artificial Metalloenzymes and MetalloDNAzymes in Catalysis offers a comprehensive review of the most current strategies, developed over recent decades, for the design, synthesis, and optimization of these hybrid catalysts as well as material about their application. The contributors—noted experts in the field—present information on the preparation, characterization, and optimization of artificial metalloenzymes in a timely and authoritative manner. The authors present a thorough examination of this interesting new platform for catalysis that combines the excellent selective recognition/binding properties of enzymes with transition metal catalysts. The text includes information on the various applications of metal-enzyme hybrid catalysts for novel reactions, offers insights into the latest advances in the field, and contains an informative perspective on the future: Explores the development of artificial metalloenzymes, the modern and strongly evolving research field on the verge of industrial application Contains a comprehensive reference to the research area of metal-enzyme hybrid catalysis that has experienced tremendous growth in recent years Includes contributions from leading researchers in the field Shows how this new catalysis combines the selective recognition/binding properties of enzymes with transition metal catalysts Written for catalytic chemists, bioinorganic chemists, biochemists, and organic chemists, Artificial Metalloenzymes and MetalloDNAzymes in Catalysis offers a unique reference to the fundamentals, concepts, applications, and the most recent developments for more efficient and sustainable synthesis.

Liquid Phase Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis

Author : Shannon S. Stahl
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527337814
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Liquid Phase Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis by : Shannon S. Stahl

Download or read book Liquid Phase Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis written by Shannon S. Stahl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-10 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to place recent academic developments within the context of real life industrial applications, this is a timely overview of the field of aerobic oxidation reactions in the liquid phase that also illuminates the key challenges that lie ahead. As such, it covers both homogeneous as well as heterogeneous chemocatalysis and biocatalysis, along with examples taken from various industries: bulk chemicals and monomers, specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, vitamins, and pharmaceuticals. One chapter is devoted to reactor concepts and engineering aspects of these methods, while another deals with the relevance of aerobic oxidation catalysis for the conversion of renewable feedstock. With chapters written by a team of academic and industrial researchers, this is a valuable reference for synthetic and catalytic chemists at universities as well as those working in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries seeking a better understanding of these reactions and how to design large scale processes based on this technology.

Homogeneous Catalysis

Author : Sumit Bhaduri
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118872479
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Homogeneous Catalysis by : Sumit Bhaduri

Download or read book Homogeneous Catalysis written by Sumit Bhaduri and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-09-08 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, the area of homogeneous catalysis with transition metal has grown in great scientific interest and technological promise, with research in this area earning three Nobel Prizes and filing thousands of patents relating to metallocene and non-metallocene single site catalysts, asymmetric catalysis, carbon-carbon bond forming metathesis and cross coupling reactions. This text explains these new developments in a unified, cogent, and comprehensible manner while also detailing earlier discoveries and the fundamentals of homogeneous catalysis. Serving as a self-study guide for students and all chemists seeking to gain entry into this field, it can also be used by experienced researchers from both academia and industry for referring to leading state of the art review articles and patents, and also as a quick self-study manual in an area that is outside their immediate expertise. The book features: • Topics including renewable feed stocks (biofuel, glycerol), carbon dioxide based processes (polycarbonates), fluorous solvents, ionic liquid, hydroformylation, polymerization, oxidation, asymmetric catalysis, and more • Basic principles of organometallic chemistry, homogeneous catalysis, and relevant technological issues • Problems and answers, industrial applications (case studies), and examples from proven industrial processes with clear discussions on environmental and techno-commercial issues • Extensive references to cutting edge research with application potential and leading patents • Tables and illustrations to help explain difficult concepts

The Development of Catalysis

Author : Adriano Zecchina
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119181291
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis The Development of Catalysis by : Adriano Zecchina

Download or read book The Development of Catalysis written by Adriano Zecchina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gradually brings the reader, through illustrations of the most crucial discoveries, into the modern world of chemical catalysis. Readers and experts will better understand the enormous influence that catalysis has given to the development of modern societies. • Highlights the field's onset up to its modern days, covering the life and achievements of luminaries of the catalytic era • Appeals to general audience in interpretation and analysis, but preserves the precision and clarity of a scientific approach • Fills the gap in publications that cover the history of specific catalytic processes

Catalytic Aerobic Oxidations

Author : Esteban Mejía
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839160349
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Aerobic Oxidations by : Esteban Mejía

Download or read book Catalytic Aerobic Oxidations written by Esteban Mejía and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidation reactions are an important chemical transformation in both academia and industry. Among the major advances in the field has been the development of catalytic processes, which are not only selective and efficient, but also allow the replacement of common stoichiometric oxidants with molecular oxygen, ideally from air at atmospheric pressure. This results in processes with higher atom efficiency, where water is the only side product in line with the principles of green chemistry. Focusing on the use of molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant, this book covers recent advances in both heterogeneous and homogeneous systems, with and without metals and on the “taming” of the highly reactive oxygen gas by use of micro-flow reactors and membranes. A useful reference for industrial and academic chemists working on oxidation processes, as well as green chemists.

Palladium in Organic Synthesis

Author : Jiro Tsuji
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540239826
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Palladium in Organic Synthesis by : Jiro Tsuji

Download or read book Palladium in Organic Synthesis written by Jiro Tsuji and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-06 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: with contributions by numerous experts

Hydroformylation for Organic Synthesis

Author : Maurizio Taddei
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642450598
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydroformylation for Organic Synthesis by : Maurizio Taddei

Download or read book Hydroformylation for Organic Synthesis written by Maurizio Taddei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Metals and Ligands in Organic Hydroformylation, by Luca Gonsalvi, Antonella Guerriero, Eric Monflier, Frédéric Hapiot, Maurizio Peruzzini. Hydroformylation in Aqueous Biphasic Media Assisted by Molecular Receptors, by Frédéric Hapiot, Hervé Bricout, Sébastien Tilloy, Eric Monflier. Asymmetric Hydroformylation, by Bernabé F. Perandones, Cyril Godard, Carmen Claver. Domino Reactions Triggered by Hydroformylation, by Elena Petricci, Elena Cini. Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation in Fused Azapolycycles Synthesis, by Roberta Settambolo. Hydroformylation in Natural Product Synthesis, by Roderick W. Bates, Sivarajan Kasinathan.

C-C Bond Activation

Author : Guangbin Dong
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 364255055X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis C-C Bond Activation by : Guangbin Dong

Download or read book C-C Bond Activation written by Guangbin Dong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students

Applications of Transition Metal Catalysis in Drug Discovery and Development

Author : Matthew L. Crawley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118309839
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Transition Metal Catalysis in Drug Discovery and Development by : Matthew L. Crawley

Download or read book Applications of Transition Metal Catalysis in Drug Discovery and Development written by Matthew L. Crawley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-14 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the drug discovery and development applications of transition metal catalyzed processes, which can efficiently create preclinical and clinical drug candidates as well as marketed drugs. The authors pay particular attention to the challenges of transitioning academically-developed reactions into scalable industrial processes. Additionally, the book lays the groundwork for how continued development of transition metal catalyzed processes can deliver new drug candidates. This work provides a unique perspective on the applications of transition metal catalysis in drug discovery and development – it is a guide, a historical prospective, a practical compendium, and a source of future direction for the field.

The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction

Author : Martin Oestreich
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470716069
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction by : Martin Oestreich

Download or read book The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction written by Martin Oestreich and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-11 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the importance of Richard F. Heck’s carbon coupling reaction, this book highlights the subject of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis, and includes a foreword from Nobel Prize winner Richard F. Heck. The Mizoroki-Heck reaction is a palladium-catalyzed carbon–carbon bond forming process which is widely used in organic and organometallic synthesis. It has seen increasing use in the past decade as chemists look for strategies enabling the controlled construction of complex carbon skeletons. The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction is the first dedicated volume on this important reaction, including topics on: mechanisms of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction intermolecular Mizoroki-Heck reactions focus on regioselectivity and product outcome in organic synthesis waste-minimized Mizoroki-Heck reactions intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reactions formation of heterocycles chelation-controlled Mizoroki-Heck reactions the Mizoroki-Heck reaction in domino processes oxidative heck-type reactions (Fujiwara-Moritani reactions) Mizoroki-Heck reactions with metals other than palladium ligand design for intermolecular asymmetric Mizoroki-Heck reactions intramolecular enantioselective Mizoroki-Heck reactions desymmetrizing Mizoroki-Heck reactions applications in combinatorial and solid phase syntheses, and the development of modern solvent systems and reaction techniques the asymmetric intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction in natural product total synthesis Several chapters are devoted to asymmetric Heck reactions with particular focus on the construction of otherwise difficult-to-obtain sterically congested tertiary and quaternary carbons. Industrial and academic applications are highlighted in the final section. The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction will find a place on the bookshelves of any organic or organometallic chemist. “I am convinced that this book will rapidly become the most important reference text for research chemists in academia and industry who seek orientation in the rapidly growing and – for the layman – confusing field described as the “’Mizoroki–Heck reaction’.” (Synthesis, March 2010)

Methodologies in Amine Synthesis

Author : Alfredo Ricci
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527347399
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodologies in Amine Synthesis by : Alfredo Ricci

Download or read book Methodologies in Amine Synthesis written by Alfredo Ricci and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-26 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover a comprehensive overview of efficient synthetic routes to an important compound class in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry Methodologies in Amine Synthesis: Challenges and Applications delivers powerful and state-of-the-art methods for the efficient preparation of amines. The text summarizes recent advances in the electrophilic amination reaction, hydroamination, C-H amination and newly developed photocatalytic approaches. The distinguished editor has included resources that discuss organocatalytic and enzymatic routes to the generation of amines under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. The book also highlights the relevance of the amino function in bioactive molecules, drugs, and smart materials, as well as the palladium-catalyzed aromatic amination reaction. It presents efficient and practical synthetic methods, highlights the opportunities and challenges associated with each, and discusses their possible applications in pharmaceutical chemistry and materials science. Edited by the expert who wrote Modern Amination Methods and Amino Group Chemistry, the book includes a breadth and depth of material essential to the practice of academic and industrial chemists working in organic synthesis and catalysis. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to new openings and perspectives in the electrophilic amination Discussions of asymmetric catalysed hydroaminomethylation and amino organocatalysis A treatment of the synthetic application of transaminase or MAO biocatalysis to the synthesis of amines An exploration of recent developments in C-H amination, as well as photocatalytic approaches to the synthesis of amines An examination of primary amines from renewable bio-based resources Perfect for organic, natural product, catalytic, medicinal, and polymer chemists, Methodologies in Amine Synthesis: Challenges and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of materials scientists and chemists working with organometallics who desire a one-stop reference edited by a well-known expert in the field.

The Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation

Author : D.H.R. Barton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461530008
Total Pages : 503 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis The Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation by : D.H.R. Barton

Download or read book The Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation written by D.H.R. Barton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph consists of the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation, held in College Station, Texas, March 14-19, 1993. It contains an introductory chapter authored by Professors D. H. R. Barton and D. T. Sawyer, and twenty-nine chapters describing presentations by the plenary lecturers and invited speakers. One of the invited speakers, who could not submit a manuscript for reasons beyond his control, is represented by an abstract of his lecture. Also included are abstracts of forty-seven posters contributed by participants in the symposium. Readers who may wish to know more about the subjects presented in abstract form are invited to communicate directly with the authors of the abstracts. This is the fifth international symposium that has been held on this subject. The first was hosted by the CNRS, May 21-29, 1979, in Bendor, France (on the Island of Bandol). The second meeting was organized as a NATO workshop in Padova, Italy, June 24-27, 1984. This was followed by a meeting in Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-16, 1987. The fourth symposium was held at Balatonfured, Hungary, September 10-14, 1990. The sixth meeting is scheduled to take place in Delft, The Netherlands (late Spring, 1996); the organizer and host will be Professor R. A. Sheldon.

Stereoselective Alkene Synthesis

Author : Jianbo Wang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 364231824X
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Stereoselective Alkene Synthesis by : Jianbo Wang

Download or read book Stereoselective Alkene Synthesis written by Jianbo Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-13 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes via Torquoselectivity-Controlled Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds with Ynolates, by Mitsuru Shindo and Kenji Matsumoto.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Z-Alkenes, by Woon-Yew Siau, Yao Zhang and Yu Zhao.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Mono-fluoroalkenes, by Shoji Hara.- Recent Advances in Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes, by Michael De Paolis, Isabelle Chataigner and Jacques Maddaluno.- Selective Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds via Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Reagents, by Yang Hu and X. Peter Zhang.- Selective Alkene Metathesis in the Total Synthesis of Complex Natural Product, by Xiaoguang Lei and Houhua Li.- Olefination Reactions of Phosphorus-Stabilized Carbon Nucleophiles, by Yonghong Gu and Shi-Kai Tian.- Alkene Synthesis Through Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of N-Tosylhydrazones, by Yan Zhang and Jianbo Wang.

Pincer Compounds

Author : David Morales-Morales
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128129328
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Pincer Compounds by : David Morales-Morales

Download or read book Pincer Compounds written by David Morales-Morales and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-11 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pincer Compounds: Chemistry and Applications offers valuable state-of-the-art coverage highlighting highly active areas of research—from mechanistic work to synthesis and characterization. The book focuses on small molecule activation chemistry (particularly H2 and hydrogenation), earth abundant metals (such as Fe), actinides, carbene-pincers, chiral catalysis, and alternative solvent usage. The book covers the current state of the field, featuring chapters from renowned contributors, covering four continents and ranging from still-active pioneers to new names emerging as creative strong contributors to this fascinating and promising area. Over a decade since the publication of Morales-Morales and Jensen's The Chemistry of Pincer Compounds (Elsevier 2007), research in this unique area has flourished, finding a plethora of applications in almost every single branch of chemistry—from their traditional application as very robust and active catalysts all the way to potential biological and pharmaceutical applications. - Describes the chemistry and applications of this important class of organometallic and coordination compounds - Includes contributions from global leaders in the field, featuring pioneers in the area as well as emerging experts conducting exciting research on pincer complexes - Highlights areas of promising and active research, including small molecule activation, earth abundant metals, and actinide chemistry

Classics in Total Synthesis

Author : K. C. Nicolaou
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527292314
Total Pages : 826 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Classics in Total Synthesis by : K. C. Nicolaou

Download or read book Classics in Total Synthesis written by K. C. Nicolaou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-11 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: K.C. Nicolaou - Winner of the Nemitsas Prize 2014 in Chemistry This book is a must for every synthetic chemist. With didactic skill and clarity, K. C. Nicolaou and E. Sorensen present the most remarkable and ingenious total syntheses from outstanding synthetic organic chemists. To make the complex strategies more accessible, especially to the novice, each total synthesis is analyzed retrosynthetically. The authors then carefully explain each synthetic step and give hints on alternative methods and potential pitfalls. Numerous references to useful reviews and the original literature make this book an indispensable source of further information. Special emphasis is placed on the skillful use of graphics and schemes: Retrosynthetic analyses, reaction sequences, and stereochemically crucial steps are presented in boxed sections within the text. For easy reference, key intermediates are also shown in the margins. Graduate students and researchers alike will find this book a gold mine of useful information essential for their daily work. Every synthetic organic chemist will want to have a copy on his or her desk.

Cross-Coupling Reactions

Author : Norio Miyaura
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 354045313X
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Cross-Coupling Reactions by : Norio Miyaura

Download or read book Cross-Coupling Reactions written by Norio Miyaura and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1972, a very powerful catalytic cycle for carbon-carbon bond formation was 2 first discovered by the coupling reaction of Grignard reagents at the sp -carbon. Over the past 30 years, the protocol has been substantially improved and expanded to other coupling reactions of Li,B,N,O,Al,Si,P,S,Cu,Mn,Zn,In,Sn, and Hg compounds. These reactions provided an indispensable and simple methodology for preparative organic chemists. Due to the simplicity and rel- bility in the carbon-carbon, carbon-heteroatom, and carbon-metalloid bo- formations,as well as high efficiency of the catalytic process,the reactions have been widely employed by organic chemists in various fields. Application of the protocol ranges from various syntheses of complex natural products to the preparation of biologically relevant molecules including drugs, and of sup- molecules, and to functional materials. The reactions on solid surfaces allow robot synthesis and combinatorial synthesis. Now, many organic chemists do not hesitate to use transition metal complexes for the transformation of org- ic molecules. Indeed, innumerable organic syntheses have been realized by the catalyzed reactions of transition metal complexes that are not achievable by t- ditional synthetic methods. Among these, the metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have undoubtedly contributed greatly to the development of such a new area of “metal-catalyzed organic syntheses”. An excellent monograph for the cross-coupling reactions and other met- catalyzed C-C bond-forming reactions recently appeared in Metal-catalyzed Cross-coupling Reactions (Wiley-VCH,1998).