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Development And Evaluation Of Models For The Cornell Net Carbohydrate And Protein System 1 Feed Libraries 2 Ruminal Nitrogen And Branched Chain Volatile Fatty Acid Deficiencies 3 Diet Optimization 4 Energy Requirement For Maintenance And Growth
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Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Models for the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: 1. Feed Libraries, 2. Ruminal Nitrogen and Branched-chain Volatile Fatty Acid Deficiencies, 3. Diet Optimization, 4. Energy Requirement for Maintenance and Growth by : Luis Orlindo Tedeschi
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Models for the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: 1. Feed Libraries, 2. Ruminal Nitrogen and Branched-chain Volatile Fatty Acid Deficiencies, 3. Diet Optimization, 4. Energy Requirement for Maintenance and Growth written by Luis Orlindo Tedeschi and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Models were developed and evaluated for application within the structure of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) to improve its' usefulness in Latin America. In Chapter 2, it was demonstrated that published tabular values are not reliable in predicting feed energy values in specific production situations. When tested with animal performance, the r2 of observed versus predicted ADG using tabular, Weiss, and CNCPS TDN were 0.61, 0.73, and 0.80 for ME allowable ADG. In Chapter 3, published data were used to develop a library of feeds common to Latin America for the CNCPS model. The TDN predicted with level 2 agreed with those predicted by the Weiss equation (r2 = 93%). In Chapter 4, practical laboratory procedures for determining the amino acid content of ruminally-undegraded protein were examined in 14 forages. No difference was observed between the AA profile of the original forage and that of the insoluble protein (P> 0.05). In Chapter 5, a model developed to adjust the CNCPS prediction of fiber digestion and microbial protein from ruminally-degraded carbohydrate to accommodate a ruminal N deficiency was presented. The evaluation indicated the adjustment decreased the CNCPS overprediction of ADG from 19.2 to 4.7%. A model to adjust for branched-chain AA deficiency was proposed in Chapter 6. In Chapter 7 the N deficiency model was evaluated with steers fed N deficient diets alone or with no supplemental N or supplemented with a slow release urea product (O) or urea (U). The CNCPS accounted for 91% of the variation in ADG with a 6% bias, and there was no advantage of feeding O compared to U. In Chapter 8, a model to optimize diets with linear programming within the CNCPS structure was presented. Chapter 9 presented the energy requirements for maintenance and growth for Nellore cattle. The net energy requirement for maintenance was 76 kcal/kg0.75 EBW, but ME to NE efficiency was greater for steers than bulls (70.6 and 65.2, respectively). Chapter 10 presented a growth model developed to predict body weight and body fat.
Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Models for the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein Syetem by : Luis Orlindo Tedeschi
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Models for the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein Syetem written by Luis Orlindo Tedeschi and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Dynamic Rumen and Gastro-intestinal Model in the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System to Predict the Nutrient Supply and Requirements of Dairy Cattle by : Ryan John Higgs
Download or read book Development of a Dynamic Rumen and Gastro-intestinal Model in the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System to Predict the Nutrient Supply and Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by Ryan John Higgs and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high value of milk protein, increasing feed costs, and growing concern for the environment has made nitrogen utilization a central component in ration balancing on dairy farms. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) is a nutritional model that enables the formulation of diets that closely match predicted animal requirements. The CNCPS includes a library of approximately 800 different ingredients which provide the platform for describing the chemical composition of the diet. The objectives of this research were 1) to review and update the chemical composition of feeds in the feed library, 2) develop new capability within the model to predict nitrogen and amino acid supply and requirements and, 3) investigate the potential to improve nitrogen utilization in high producing dairy cows through using the new model to formulate diets precisely to animal requirements. The feed library was updated using a procedure that combined linear regression, matrix regression and genetic algorithm optimization to predict uncertain values. Each feed was evaluated and updated where required to be consistent with data from commercial laboratories. Amino acid profiles were also updated using contemporary datasets. A new, dynamic version of the rumen and gastro-intestinal (GIT) submodel was constructed in the system dynamics modeling software Vensim®. The new model included, among other things, estimations of protozoal growth, endogenous N transactions along the entire GIT and a new system to estimate N digestion in the small intestine. Relative to measured data, the model was able to predict the flows of microbial, un-degraded feed, and total non-ammonia N with a high degree of accuracy and precision (R2 = 0.97, 0.90 and 0.98, respectively). Lactating dairy cows fed diets formulated to be adequate in rumen N and EAA supply using the model were able to produce>40 kg milk on diets
Book Synopsis Models to Predict Ruminal Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Supply and Nitrogen Excretion in Cattle by : Cristina Lanzas
Download or read book Models to Predict Ruminal Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Supply and Nitrogen Excretion in Cattle written by Cristina Lanzas and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To mitigate the negative environmental impact of farming, it is important that diets are formulated to accurately match requirements. For that, an adequate characterization of feed composition and its variability is crucial. The original Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein (CNCPS) feed carbohydrate and protein fractionation schemes were evaluated and modified to improve predictions of the rumen degradable protein (RDP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and microbial protein supply. For carbohydrates, a new expanded scheme was developed; the CA1 is volatile fatty acids (VFA), CA2 is lactic acid, CA3 is other organic acids, CA4 is sugars, CB1 is starch, CB2 is soluble fiber, CB3 is available neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and CC is unavailable NDF. The expanded scheme accounted for more variation in changes in silage quality and non-fiber carbohydrate composition. The CNCPS and National Research Council (NRC) protein schemes were evaluated using Monte Carlo techniques. Both schemes shared similar limitations including (1) the range of RDP and RUP was over-predicted; (2) the methods used to estimate degradation rates had low accuracy and repeatability, and (3) the assumptions underlying the kinetic models were too restrictive to mimic ruminal digestion. The CNCPS protein scheme was revised and alternative schemes were developed. Predictions of RDP and RUP were improved by assigning rates obtained with the inhibitory in vitro system to a combined insoluble protein B fraction, or by redefining A and B1 fractions as the non amino-N and amino-N in the soluble fraction, respectively. Urea recycled to the rumen may represent an important source of N for microbes. A dynamic mechanistic model was developed to be used as a component of ration formulation models to predict N recycling to the GIT and urinary urea N. Recycling processes were modeled as positive feedbacks, while renal excretion was modeled as a negative feedback. Both processes were assumed to be regulated by N intake. Model simulations suggested that accurately accounting for urea recycled to the rumen reduces degradable nitrogen needed in the diet, and the use of the NRC 1985 empirical equation to predict urea recycling to the rumen may greatly underestimate recycling in lactating dairy cows. (Abstract).
Download or read book Abstracts of Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings by : Beef Improvement Federation. Research Symposium & Annual Meeting
Download or read book Proceedings written by Beef Improvement Federation. Research Symposium & Annual Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Animal Husbandry Mimeograph Series by :
Download or read book Animal Husbandry Mimeograph Series written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Degree List by : Cornell University. Graduate School
Download or read book Final Degree List written by Cornell University. Graduate School and published by . This book was released on 2001-05-27 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition by : J. France
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition written by J. France and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of each of the subsequent chapters of this book is to promulgate quantitative approaches concerned with elucidating mechanisms in a particular area of the nutrition of ruminants, pigs, poultry, fish or pets. Given the diverse scientific backgrounds of the contributors of each chapter (the chapters in the book are arranged according to subject area), the imposition of a rigid format for presenting mathematical material has been eschewed, though basic mathematical conventions are adhered to.
Book Synopsis Metabolic Modifiers by : National Research Council
Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Book Synopsis Ruminant Nitrogen Usage by : National Research Council
Download or read book Ruminant Nitrogen Usage written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the latest research on protein absorption by ruminants and takes a look at the calculation of optimum nutrient requirements, including bacterial digestion, in the calculations. It also describes the parameters of nitrogen conversion in the ruminant and examines the different kinds of protein found in animal feedstuffs. "Animal Feed Science and Technology" calls it "essential for all scientists and teachers actively working in ruminant nutrition research and instruction."
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Author :Harinder P. S. Makkar Publisher :Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) ISBN 13 : Total Pages :556 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (31 download)
Book Synopsis Biofuel Co-products as Livestock Feed by : Harinder P. S. Makkar
Download or read book Biofuel Co-products as Livestock Feed written by Harinder P. S. Makkar and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2012 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication covers a wide array of co-products.
