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Development And Characterization Of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membrane As A Potential Material For Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
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Book Synopsis Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membrane as a Potential Material for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell by : Rosmainiza Ibrahimi Husaimi
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membrane as a Potential Material for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell written by Rosmainiza Ibrahimi Husaimi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development & Characterization of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application by : Mohd Aizuddin Hashim
Download or read book Development & Characterization of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application written by Mohd Aizuddin Hashim and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfonation process was used to produce ion exchange polymer from a commercial polyethersulfone. Sulfonations were achieved by varying the degree of sulfonation (DS) in reaction time. Water and methanol uptake analysis showed this SPES6 have the potential to use in proton exchange membrane fuel cell application compared to another membrane. Methanol uptake analysis showed Nafion 117 have no potential to use in direct methanol fuel cell application because the tendency of Nafion to swell is very high. FTIR analysis showed that the peak of sulfonic group was appeared at wavelength 1072 to 1074 cm-1. TGA analysis showed that the range temperature that was assigned to the degradation of the polymer main chain at around 400°C.
Book Synopsis Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application by : Mohd Azzarudin Zailani
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application written by Mohd Azzarudin Zailani and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this studies is to develop and characterize sulfonated polyethersulfone membrane (SPES) for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell application. In the experiment, polyethersulfone were sulfonated with different reaction time before continue making the dope solution. The membranes were tested with water uptake, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze the membrane performance. The swelling test result showed that the value of water uptake % were directly proportional to the reaction time of sulfonation. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) result showed that higher reaction time of sulfonation, the higher of the glass transitions temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of the SPES. SPES 6 sample gave the best result compared to the other samples with 63.13°C glass transition temperature and 92.87°C melting temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the membrane has symmetric structure.
Book Synopsis Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly (ether Ether Ketone) Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application by : Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly (ether Ether Ketone) Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application written by Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly (ether Ether Ketone) Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuelcell Application by : Juhana Jaafar
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly (ether Ether Ketone) Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuelcell Application written by Juhana Jaafar and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone for Proton Exchanfe Membrane Fuel Cell Application by : Mohd Norazam Md Aris
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone for Proton Exchanfe Membrane Fuel Cell Application written by Mohd Norazam Md Aris and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) with 20% concentration by weight were prepared with concentrated sulfonic acid at room temperature. Membrane solution developed in this study consisted of polyethersulfone dissolved in N,N - Dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent, fuming sulfuric acid (36%) and concentrated sulfuric acid (95%-97%) as the sulfonating agent. The solution was cast manually at temperature between 25oC-28 oC. The investigation on water uptake, TGA, CHNOS elemental analysis, and FTIR has been conducted. Successful introduction of the sulfonated groups was confirmed by using the FTIR spectra in the wave number range 1020cm-1-1030 cm-1 which attributed to the symmetrical stretch of the sulfonated group. It was found that sulfonated membrane produced from mixed sulfonating agent (98% H2SO4 and 36% H2SO4.SO3) have higher degree of swelling. The type and ratio of the sulfonating agent has been identified as one of the most influential parameter in determining the bonding of -HCO3 as well as the membrane performance thus, producing different morphology. The parameter such as sulfonating agent ratio and type used strongly affects the membrane performance. -Author-
Book Synopsis Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polysulfone for Membrane Fuel Cell by : Wan Muhd Nadzmi Wan Yaakub
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polysulfone for Membrane Fuel Cell written by Wan Muhd Nadzmi Wan Yaakub and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfonation process was used to produce ion exchange polymer from a commercial polysulfone .Membranes obtained from the sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) are potential substitutes for perflourosulfonic acid membrane (NafionTM) used now in polymer electrolyte fuel cell due to its high cost to produce, needs of high pressure and high hydration level to operate effectively. Sulfonations were achieved by varying the degree of sulfonation (DS) in reaction time. Characterizations of different degree of sufonated polysulfone membranes were conducted through elemental analysistal, Fourier Transform Infared (FTIR) and swelling test. Fourier Transform Infared (FTIR) were used to confirm the presence of sulfonic group in the polymer after sulfonation process and it was clearly confirmed by the SO3 stretching bond at frequency 1020 cm-1 to 1035cm-1. The hydration levels of membrane were measured via swelling test. Result showed the percentages of water and methanol uptake broadening as the degree of sulfonation increased.
Book Synopsis Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Based Membranes for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells by : Kimball Sebastiaan Roelofs
Download or read book Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Based Membranes for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells written by Kimball Sebastiaan Roelofs and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decreasing availability of fossil fuels and the increasing impact of greenhouse gases on the environment lead to an extensive development of more efficient or renewable energy sources. The direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC) as a portable energy source is a promising and fast growing technology which meets these demands. Up to now, methanol is mostly studied as a fuel for these devices, however, applying ethanol has some evident advantages over methanol. The major challenges in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) research on component level are the catalyst development and the electrolyte membrane development. The focus of this thesis lies on the development and characterization of proton conductive membranes for application in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC). Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) based organic-inorganic mixed-matrix membranes are developed and, in addition, the inorganic phase is modified with functional silanes carrying basic groups. The membranes are characterized with respect to fuel crossover, proton conductivity, membrane stability and direct ethanol fuel cell tests.
Book Synopsis Direct Methanol Fuel Cells by : Antonio Salvatore Aricò
Download or read book Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Antonio Salvatore Aricò and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with an analysis of materials issues, status of technologies and potential applications of direct methanol fuel cells. The principle of operation of direct methanol fuel cells and the status of knowledge in the basic research areas are presented. The technology of direct methanol fuel cells is discussed in this book with particular regard to fabrication methodologies for the manufacturing of catalysts, electrolytes membrane-electrode assemblies, stack hardware and system design.
Download or read book Nanolayer Research written by Toyoko Imae and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanolayer Research: Methodology and Technology for Green Chemistry introduces the topic of nanolayer research and current methodology, from the basics, to specific applications for green science. Each chapter is written by a specialist in their specific research area, offering a deep coverage of the topic. Nanofilms are explained, along with their rapidly emerging applications in electronic devices for smart grids, units for cells, electrodes for batteries, and sensing systems for environmental purposes in applicable subjects. Readers will find this book useful not only as a textbook for basic knowledge, but also as a reference for practical research. - Outlines basic principles of nanolayers - Includes methodology and technology of nanolayers - Contains numerous nanolayers applications
Book Synopsis Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polysulfone Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) by : Rosmawati Naim
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Sulfonated Polysulfone Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) written by Rosmawati Naim and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Membrane Technology by : Sundergopal Sridhar
Download or read book Membrane Technology written by Sundergopal Sridhar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed by multiple experts, the book covers the scientific and engineering aspects of membrane processes and systems. It aims to cover basic concepts of novel membrane processes including membrane bioreactors, microbial fuel cell, forward osmosis, electro-dialysis and membrane contactors. Maintains a pragmatic approach involving design, operation and cost analysis of pilot plants as well as scaled-up counterparts
Book Synopsis Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment by : Mikel Duke
Download or read book Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment written by Mikel Duke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes have emerged over the last 30 years as a viable water treatment technology. Earth's population is growing and the need for alternative ways to generate potable water is rising. The recent advent of nanotechnology opens the door to improving processes in membrane technology, which is a promising step on the way to solving the earth's potable water problem. Current performance is enhanced and new concepts are possible by engineering on the nanoscale. This book presents key areas of nanotechnology such as fouling tolerant and robust membranes, enhanced destruction of pollutants and faster monitoring of water quality. 'Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Cross-linked Sulfonated Polysulfone and Mechanical Properties of SPEEK-based Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells by : Shelley Marie Zieren
Download or read book Synthesis of Cross-linked Sulfonated Polysulfone and Mechanical Properties of SPEEK-based Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Shelley Marie Zieren and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are being investigated for use as low-power electrochemical energy conversion devices. These types of fuel cells can be useful for portable electronics. The polymer electrolyte membrane plays a critical role in the overall performance of DMFC. The commercially available membrane, Nafion, suffers from high methanol permeability and a resulting methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode; it is also expensive. Accordingly, alternative membrane materials, such as sulfonated hydrocarbons, are intensively pursued for DMFC. For example, sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and sulfonated polysulfone (SPsf) are two such candidates. This thesis focuses first on a simple synthesis method for a cross-linked sulfonated polysulfone membrane. Sulfonated polysulfone (Psf) membranes, with high IEC (1.4 - 2.2 meq/g), were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), proton conductivity, and water uptake. The degree of sulfonation was calculated by NMR and verified by acid-base titration analysis. Although the membranes showed good proton conductivity, they suffered from excessive swelling at high temperatures. Furthermore, the post-sulfonation of a carboxyl-substituted polysulfone (Psf-COOH) was carried out with trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate, and solubility issues of the Psf-COOH in chlorinated solvents led to difficulty in controlling the degree of sulfonation (DS) and in purification. Accordingly, this approach to cross-linking sulfonated polysulfone was rejected as a viable method. This thesis then focused on the investigation of the mechanical properties of acid-base blend membranes based on SPEEK and heterocycle-tethered Psf and cross-linked membranes based on SPEEK that were previously reported by our group; these membranes were known to exhibit good performance in DMFC. However, the assessment of the mechanical stability of any new membranes developed is critical for their practical viability in DMFC. Accordingly, the mechanical strength and ductility of these membranes were investigated and compared for various membrane compositions. The acid-base blend membranes investigated consisted of SPEEK (acidic polymer) and a heterocycle-tethered Psf (basic polymer); for example, blends consisting of SPEEK and amino-benzimidazole-tethered Psf (SPEEK/Psf-ABIm) and SPEEK and benzotriazole tethered Psf (SPEEK/Psf-Btraz) were investigated. The cross-linked SPEEK was made by Friedel-Craft acylation with Psf-COOH (DS = 1 or 2). The two blend membranes showed superior mechanical properties compared to Nafion 115 and comparable to plain SPEEK. The crosslinked membranes showed good mechanical properties and better strength than Nafion 115, but they were more brittle than both Nafion 115 and plain SPEEK. Further optimization of cross-linking conditions is necessary to produce the best performing membrane.
Book Synopsis Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology by : Christoph Hartnig
Download or read book Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology written by Christoph Hartnig and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-19 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) technology are promising forms of low-temperature electrochemical power conversion technologies that operate on hydrogen and methanol respectively. Featuring high electrical efficiency and low operational emissions, they have attracted intense worldwide commercialization research and development efforts. These R&D efforts include a major drive towards improving materials performance, fuel cell operation and durability. In situ characterization is essential to improving performance and extending operational lifetime through providing information necessary to understand how fuel cell materials perform under operational loads.This two volume set reviews the fundamentals, performance, and in situ characterization of PEMFCs and DMFCs. Volume 1 covers the fundamental science and engineering of these low temperature fuel cells, focusing on understanding and improving performance and operation. Part one reviews systems fundamentals, ranging from fuels and fuel processing, to the development of membrane and catalyst materials and technology, and gas diffusion media and flowfields, as well as life cycle aspects and modelling approaches. Part two details performance issues relevant to fuel cell operation and durability, such as catalyst ageing, materials degradation and durability testing, and goes on to review advanced transport simulation approaches, degradation modelling and experimental monitoring techniques.With its international team of expert contributors, Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology Volumes 1 & 2 is an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics. - Covers the fundamental science and engineering of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), focusing on understanding and improving performance and operation - Reviews systems fundamentals, ranging from fuels and fuel processing, to the development of membrane and catalyst materials and technology, and gas diffusion media and flowfields, as well as life cycle aspects and modelling approaches - Details performance issues relevant to fuel cell operation and durability, such as catalyst ageing, materials degradation and durability testing, and reviews advanced transport simulation approaches, degradation modelling and experimental monitoring techniques
Book Synopsis Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology by : Christoph Hartnig
Download or read book Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology written by Christoph Hartnig and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) technology are promising forms of low-temperature electrochemical power conversion technologies that operate on hydrogen and methanol respectively. Featuring high electrical efficiency and low operational emissions, they have attracted intense worldwide commercialization research and development efforts. These R&D efforts include a major drive towards improving materials performance, fuel cell operation and durability. In situ characterization is essential to improving performance and extending operational lifetime through providing information necessary to understand how fuel cell materials perform under operational loads.Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology, Volume 2 details in situ characterization, including experimental and innovative techniques, used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performance. Part I reviews enhanced techniques for characterization of catalyst activities and processes, such as X-ray absorption and scattering, advanced microscopy and electrochemical mass spectrometry. Part II reviews characterization techniques for water and fuel management, including neutron radiography and tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, Part III focuses on locally resolved characterization methods, from transient techniques and electrochemical microscopy, to laser-optical methods and synchrotron radiography.With its international team of expert contributors, Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology will be an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics. Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology is an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics. - Details in situ characterisation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), including the experimental and innovative techniques used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performance - Examines enhanced techniques for characterisation of catalyst activities and processes, such as X-ray absorption and scattering, advanced microscopy and electrochemical mass spectrometry - Reviews characterisation techniques for water and fuel management, including neutron radiography and tomography, and comprehensively covers locally resolved characterisation methods, from transient techniques to laser-optical methods
Book Synopsis Development and Understanding of New Membranes Based on Aromatic Polymers and Heterocycles for Fuel Cells by : Wen Li
Download or read book Development and Understanding of New Membranes Based on Aromatic Polymers and Heterocycles for Fuel Cells written by Wen Li and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are appealing as a power source for portable devices as they do not require recharging with an electrical outlet. However, the DMFC technology is confronted with the high crossover of methanol fuel from the anode to the cathode through the currently used Nafion membrane, which not only wastes the fuel but also poisons the cathode platinum catalyst. With an aim to overcome the problems encountered with the Nafion membrane, this dissertation focuses on the design and development of new polymeric membrane materials for DMFC and a fundamental understanding of their structure-property-performance relationships. Several polymeric blend membranes based on acid-base interactions between an aromatic acidic polymer such as sulfonated ploy(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and an aromatic basic polymer such as heterocycle tethered poly(sulfone) (PSf) have been explored. Various heterochylces like nitro-benzimidazole (NBIm), 1H-Perimidine (PImd), and 5-amino-benzotriazole (BTraz) have been tethered to PSf to understand the influence of pKa values and the size of the hetrocycles. The blend membranes show lower methanol crossover and better performance in DMFC than plain SPEEK due to an enhancement in proton conductivity through acid-base interactions and an insertion of the heterocycle side groups into the ionic clusters of SPEEK as indicated by small angle Xray scattering and TEM data. The SPEEK/PSf-PImd blend membrane shows the lowest methanol crossover due to the larger size of the side groups, while the SPEEK/PSf-BTraz blend membrane shows the highest proton conductivity and maximum power density. To further investigate the methanol-blocking effect of the heterocycles, N, N'-Bis- (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-isophthalamide (BBImIP) having two amino-benzimidazole groups bonded to a phenyl ring has been incorporated into sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf) and SPEEK membranes. With two 2-amino-benzimidazole groups, which could greatly increase the proton transfer sites, and three phenyl rings, which are compatible with the aromatic polymers, the BBImIP/SPSf and BBImIP/SPEEK blend membranes show suppressed methanol crossover and increased fuel cell performance in DMFC. Novel sulfonated copolymers based on poly(aryl ether sulfone) (SPS-DP) that exhibit low methanol crossover have been synthesized and explored as a methanol-barrier center layer in a multilayer membrane configuration having SPEEK as the outer layers. These multilayer membranes exhibit better performance in DMFC than plain SPEEK and Nafion 115 membranes due to suppressed methanol crossover. To address the issue of incompatibility between the new hydrocarbon-based membranes synthesized and the Nafion ionomer used in the catalyst layer in fabricating membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs), the MEAs have been fabricated with the SPEEK membranes and 10 to 30 % SPEEK ionomer in the catalyst layer. These MEAs exhibit better performance in DMFC compared to the MEAs fabricated with the SPEEK membranes and Nafion ionomer in the catalyst layer due to lower interfacial resistance.
