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Determination Des Contraintes Dans La Chromine Par Spectroscopie Raman
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Book Synopsis Détermination Des Contraintes Dans la Chromine Par Spectroscopie Raman by : COLLECTIF.
Download or read book Détermination Des Contraintes Dans la Chromine Par Spectroscopie Raman written by COLLECTIF. and published by Omniscriptum. This book was released on 2011-02 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lors de l'oxydation d'un métal (ou alliage), la formation d'une couche continue d'oxyde sur la surface peut constituer une barrière protectrice dont le rôle est de ralentir la cinétique du processus d'oxydation. L'efficacité de cette protection dépend également de l'intégrité de la couche d'oxyde. En effet, les contraintes inhérentes à l'apparition de l'oxyde peuvent localement ètre à l'origine de sa fissuration et de son écaillage, phénomènes conduisant à remettre à nu le métal et donc à permettre la poursuite de l'oxydation. Dans le but de prédire et d'améliorer la durée de vie des métaux et alliages travaillant en atmosphères oxydantes, il est nécessaire de comprendre les raisons qui gouvernent la croissance des contraintes dans les couches d'oxyde, la naissance des fissures ainsi que l'apparition de l'écaillage. La mesure du niveau des contraintes et leur distribution dans la chromine (l'oxyde de chrome Cr2O3) sont particulièrement importantes parce que la chromine est le principal constituant de la couche d'oxyde protectrice des aciers inoxydables et des alliages contenant le chrome.
Book Synopsis Analyse par microspectroscopie Raman de l'évolution des contraintes de croissance et résiduelles au cours de la formation de films de chromine sur l'alliage Ni-30Cr by : Mbaihoudou Kemdehoundja
Download or read book Analyse par microspectroscopie Raman de l'évolution des contraintes de croissance et résiduelles au cours de la formation de films de chromine sur l'alliage Ni-30Cr written by Mbaihoudou Kemdehoundja and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lors de l’oxydation d’un métal (ou alliage), la formation d’une couche continue d’oxyde sur la surface peut constituer une barrière protectrice dont le rôle est de ralentir la cinétique du processus d’oxydation. L’efficacité de cette protection dépend également de l’intégrité de la couche d’oxyde. En effet, les contraintes inhérentes à l’apparition de l’oxyde peuvent localement être à l’origine de sa fissuration et de son écaillage, phénomènes conduisant à remettre à nu le métal et donc à permettre la poursuite de l’oxydation. Dans le but de prédire et d’améliorer la durée de vie des métaux et alliages travaillant en atmosphères oxydantes, il est nécessaire de comprendre les raisons qui gouvernent la croissance des contraintes dans les couches d’oxyde, la naissance des fissures ainsi que l’apparition de l’écaillage. La mesure du niveau des contraintes et leur distribution dans la chromine (l’oxyde de chrome Cr2O3) sont particulièrement importantes parce que la chromine est le principal constituant de la couche d’oxyde protectrice des aciers inoxydables et des alliages contenant le chrome. Dans ce travail, les couches de chromine ont été développées, à haute température (de 700°C à 900°C), sur un alliage chromino-formeur de composition proche de la stoechiométrie Ni2Cr ; trois vitesses de refroidissement ont été retenues pour cette étude (trempe à l’air, trempe à l’eau et refroidissement lent dans le four). Les cinétiques d’oxydation de l’alliage Ni-30Cr ont été réalisées in-situ (oxydation en continu) et ex-situ (oxydation en discontinu). Les analyses microscopiques ont permis de faire l’étude de la microstructure des couches d’oxydes formées. La mesure des contraintes a été réalisée par microspectrométrie Raman qui s’est révélée la technique la mieux appropriée; il a ainsi été possible de déterminer, avec une précision satisfaisante, le niveau des contraintes d’une part dans l’oxyde en cours de formation en précisant les spécificités au voisinage des joints du substrat (qui sont des chemins privilégiés pour la formation de l’oxyde) et d’autre part dans la couche d’oxyde endommagée (cloquée ou écaillée) ou non. L’étude de l’endommagement des couches de chromine a été détaillée grâce aux analyses à la spectroscopie Raman et aux différentes analyses microscopiques ; l’identification et la description (contraste, profil géométrique, profil en contrainte) des zones endommagées, le taux d’endommagement et l’influence des principaux paramètres (vitesse de refroidissement, le temps d’oxydation et la température d’oxydation) sur cette dégradation ont constitué les points essentiels de cette étude.
Book Synopsis Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de relaxation de contraintes dans les films de chromine formés sur Ni-30Cr et Fe-47Cr by : Mathieu Guerain
Download or read book Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de relaxation de contraintes dans les films de chromine formés sur Ni-30Cr et Fe-47Cr written by Mathieu Guerain and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How Glass Changed the World by : Seth C. Rasmussen
Download or read book How Glass Changed the World written by Seth C. Rasmussen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glass production is thought to date to ~2500 BC and had found numerous uses by the height of the Roman Empire. Yet the modern view of glass-based chemical apparatus (beakers, flasks, stills, etc.) was quite limited due to a lack of glass durability under rapid temperature changes and chemical attack. This “brief” gives an overview of the history and chemistry of glass technology from its origins in antiquity to its dramatic expansion in the 13th century, concluding with its impact on society in general, particularly its effect on chemical practices.
Book Synopsis Raman Spectroscopy for Nanomaterials Characterization by : Challa S.S.R. Kumar
Download or read book Raman Spectroscopy for Nanomaterials Characterization written by Challa S.S.R. Kumar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First volume of a 40-volume series on nanoscience and nanotechnology, edited by the renowned scientist Challa S.S.R. Kumar. This handbook gives a comprehensive overview about Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of nanomaterials. Modern applications and state-of-the-art techniques are covered and make this volume essential reading for research scientists in academia and industry.
Book Synopsis Model Cellulosic Surfaces by : Maren Roman
Download or read book Model Cellulosic Surfaces written by Maren Roman and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2010-04-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the different methods of model cellulosic surface preparation and presents recent studies on the properties of these surfaces. The topics covered are considered relatively new and would serve as the launch pad for further research in this area.
Book Synopsis Polymer Fracture by : H. - H. Kausch
Download or read book Polymer Fracture written by H. - H. Kausch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on "Polymer Fracture" might as well have been called "Kinetic Theory of Polymer Fracture". The term "kinetic theory", however, needs some de finition or, at least, some explanation. A kinetic theory deals with and particu larly considers the effect of the existence and discrete size, of the motion and of the physical properties of molecules on the macroscopic behavior of an ensemble, gaseous or other. A kinetic theory of strength does have to consider additional aspects such as elastic and anelastic deformations, chemical and physical reactions, and the sequence and distribution of different disintegration steps. In the last fifteen years considerable progress has been made in the latter do mains. The deformation and rupture of molecular chains, crystals, and morphologi cal structures have been intensively investigated. The understanding of the effect of those processes on the strength of polymeric materials has especially been furthered by the development and application of spectroscopical methods (ESR, IR) and of the tools offracture mechanics. It is the aim of this book to relate the conventional and successful statistical, parametrical, and continuum mechanical treatment of fracture phenomena to new results on the behavior of highly stressed molecular chains.
Download or read book Geofluids written by Vratislav Hurai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geofluids: Developments in Microthermometry, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Stable Isotopes is the definitive source on paleofluids and the migration of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins—ideal for researchers in oil and gas exploration. There’s been a rapid development of new non-destructive analytical methods and interdisciplinary research that makes it difficult to find a single source of content on the subject of geofluids. Geoscience researchers commonly use multiple tools to interpret geologic problems, particularly if the problems involve fluid-rock interaction. This book perfectly combines the techniques of fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and various types of spectroscopy, including Raman analysis, to contribute to a thorough approach to research. Through a practical and intuitive step-by-step approach, the authors explain sample preparation, measurements, and the interpretation and analysis of data related to thermodynamics and mineral-fluid equilibria. Features working examples in each chapter with step-by-step explanations and calculations Broad range of case studies aid the analytical and experimental data Includes appendices with equations of state, stable isotope fractionation equations, and Raman identification tables that aid in identification of fluid inclusion minerals Authored by a team of expert scientists who have more than 60 years of related experience in the field and classroom combined
Download or read book New Nuclear Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals by : Agnes Buka
Download or read book Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals written by Agnes Buka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book intends to give a state-of-the-art overview of flexoelectricity, a linear physical coupling between mechanical (orientational) deformations and electric polarization, which is specific to systems with orientational order, such as liquid crystals. Chapters written by experts in the field shed light on theoretical as well as experimental aspects of research carried out since the discovery of flexoelectricity. Besides a common macroscopic (continuum) description the microscopic theory of flexoelectricity is also addressed. Electro-optic effects due to or modified by flexoelectricity as well as various (direct and indirect) measurement methods are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the role of flexoelectricity in pattern-forming instabilities. While the main focus of the book lies in flexoelectricity in nematic liquid crystals, peculiarities of other mesophases (bent-core systems, cholesterics, and smectics) are also reviewed. Flexoelectricity has relevance to biological (living) systems and can also offer possibilities for technical applications. The basics of these two interdisciplinary fields are also summarized.
Book Synopsis Modern Surface Organometallic Chemistry by : Jean-Marie Basset
Download or read book Modern Surface Organometallic Chemistry written by Jean-Marie Basset and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-10 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering everything from the basics to recent applications, this monograph represents an advanced overview of the field. Edited by internationally acclaimed experts respected throughout the community, the book is clearly divided into sections on fundamental and applied surface organometallic chemistry. Backed by numerous examples from the recent literature, this is a key reference for all chemists.
Book Synopsis "All it Is, It's a Carnival" by : Mária Németh Lenke
Download or read book "All it Is, It's a Carnival" written by Mária Németh Lenke and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Durer to Veronese by : Jill Dunkerton
Download or read book Durer to Veronese written by Jill Dunkerton and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors look closely at a variety of types of painting - including large altarpieces, small domestic, devotional images, diplomatic gifts, furniture, decorations and both intimate and full-length portraits - as well as frescoes, drawings and prints. They provide insights into the meanings of individual pictures and into the purposes they were originally intended to serve, and they explore the social position of the artist in the 1500s.
Book Synopsis X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity: Principles and Applications by : Jean Daillant
Download or read book X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity: Principles and Applications written by Jean Daillant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reflection of and neutrons from surfaces has existed as an x-rays exp- imental for almost it is in the last technique fifty Nevertheless, only years. decade that these methods have become as of enormously popular probes This the surfaces and interfaces. to be due to of several appears convergence of intense different circumstances. These include the more n- availability be measured orders tron and sources that can over (so reflectivity x-ray many of and the much weaker surface diffuse can now also be magnitude scattering of thin films and studied in some the detail); growing importance multil- basic the realization of the ers in both and technology research; important which in the of surfaces and and role roughness plays properties interfaces; the of statistical models to characterize the of finally development topology its and its characterization from on roughness, dependence growth processes The of and to surface scattering experiments. ability x-rays neutro4s study four five orders of in scale of surfaces over to magnitude length regardless their and also their to ability probe environment, temperature, pressure, etc. , makes these the choice for buried interfaces often probes preferred obtaining information about the microstructure of often in statistical a global surfaces, the local This is manner to complementary imaging microscopy techniques, of such studies in the literature witnessed the veritable by explosion published the last few Thus these lectures will useful for over a resource years.
Download or read book Giotto to Dürer written by Jill Dunkerton and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides a survey of European painting between 1260 and 1510, in both northern and southern Europe, based largely on the National Gallery collection ... some 70 of the finest and best known paintings in the Gallery are examined in detail"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Diffusion in Materials - DIMAT 2011 by : Igor Bezverkhyy
Download or read book Diffusion in Materials - DIMAT 2011 written by Igor Bezverkhyy and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Conference on Diffusion in Materials (DIMAT) is the benchmark conference series for diffusion in solids. DIMAT 2011 was organized by the University of Bourgogne in association with CNRS, Dijon (France). The conference showcased new results concerning theoretical tools as well as applied research approaches. Diffusion processes affect all types of materials: nanomaterials, materials for energy, metallurgy, glasses and ceramics, but each requires its own numerical tools. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). This volume comprises most of the contributions presented at DIMAT 2011: 4 plenary lectures delivered by famous high-level scientists plus 88 contributions in the form of keynote lectures, talks and posters.
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade H. Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer. This book was released on 1976 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis· seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) *at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac· tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 20 (thesis year 1975) a total of 10,374 theses titles from 28 Canadian and 239 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. The organization of Volume 20 is identical to that of past years. It consists of theses titles arranged by discipline and by university within each discipline.
