Determinants Of Gross Human Rights Violations By State And State Sponsored Actors In Brazil Uruguay Chile And Argentina 1960 1990

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Determinants of Gross Human Rights Violations by State and State-sponsored Actors in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina, 1960-1990

Author : Wolfgang S. Heinz
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 900448180X
Total Pages : 902 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Determinants of Gross Human Rights Violations by State and State-sponsored Actors in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina, 1960-1990 by : Wolfgang S. Heinz

Download or read book Determinants of Gross Human Rights Violations by State and State-sponsored Actors in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina, 1960-1990 written by Wolfgang S. Heinz and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the gross human rights violations that characterized the military repression in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay from the 1960s to the 1980s. Dr Wolfgang Heinz, the author of three of the four case studies is a German scholar. The second author, Dr Hugo Frühling, is a Chilean researcher. Both are renowned human rights specialists who have done in-depth research on the causes of gross human rights violations in these countries. They have interviewed generals and officers directly involved in the repression. They have unearthed secret documents and, building on existing scholarship, they have managed to draw a unique picture of the mechanisms of repressive domestic social control. They have investigated international factors as well as the dynamics of the interaction between guerrilleros and urban terrorists on the one hand, and the military, the police forces and the death squads on the other. The result is a comprehensive volume, broad and comparative in scope, and written with clinical detachment but also with humanitarian sympathy for the victims of repression.

Human Rights in the Americas

Author : James T. Lawrence
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781590339343
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (393 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Rights in the Americas by : James T. Lawrence

Download or read book Human Rights in the Americas written by James T. Lawrence and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of human rights helps secure the peace, deter aggression, promote the rule of law, combat crime and corruption, and prevent humanitarian crises. These human rights include freedom from torture, freedom of expression, press freedom, women's rights, children's rights, and the protection of minorities. This book surveys the countries of the Americas and is augmented by a current bibliography and useful indexes by subject, title and author.

After Dictatorship

Author : Peter Hoeres
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110796627
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis After Dictatorship by : Peter Hoeres

Download or read book After Dictatorship written by Peter Hoeres and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous studies concerning transitional justice exist. However, comparatively speaking, the effects actually achieved by measures for coming to terms with dictatorships have seldom been investigated. There is an even greater lack of transnational analyses. This volume contributes to closing this gap in research. To this end, it analyses processes of coming to terms with the past in seven countries with different experiences of violence and dictatorship. Experts have drawn up detailed studies on transitional justice in Albania, Argentina, Ethiopia, Chile, Rwanda, South Africa and Uruguay. Their analyses constitute the empirical material for a comparative study of the impact of measures introduced within the context of transitional justice. It becomes clear that there is no sure formula for dealing with dictatorships. Successes and deficits alike can be observed in relation to the individual instruments of transitional justice - from criminal prosecution to victim compensation. Nevertheless, the South American states perform much better than those on the African continent. This depends less on the instruments used than on political and social factors. Consequently, strategies of transitional justice should focus more closely on these contextual factors.

Intelligence Elsewhere

Author : Philip H. J. Davies
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 1589019563
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence Elsewhere by : Philip H. J. Davies

Download or read book Intelligence Elsewhere written by Philip H. J. Davies and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spying, the “world’s second oldest profession,” is hardly limited to the traditional great power countries. Intelligence Elsewhere, nevertheless, is the first scholarly volume to deal exclusively with the comparative study of national intelligence outside of the anglosphere and European mainstream. Past studies of intelligence and counterintelligence have tended to focus on countries such as the United States, Great Britain, and Russia, as well as, to a lesser extent, Canada, Australia, France, and Germany. This volume examines the deep historical and cultural origins of intelligence in several countries of critical importance today: India, China, the Arab world, and indeed, Russia, the latter examined from a fresh perspective. The authors then delve into modern intelligence practice in countries with organizations significantly different from the mainstream: Iran, Pakistan, Japan, Finland, Sweden, Indonesia, Argentina, and Ghana. With contributions by leading intelligence experts for each country, the chapters give the reader important insights into intelligence culture, current practice, and security sector reform. As the world morphs into an increasingly multi-polar system, it is more important than ever to understand the national intelligence systems of rising powers and regional powers that differ significantly from those of the US, its NATO allies, and its traditional opponents. This fascinating book shines new light into intelligence practices in regions that, until now, have eluded our understanding.

Democratization of Intelligence

Author : Peter Gill
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317518837
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Democratization of Intelligence by : Peter Gill

Download or read book Democratization of Intelligence written by Peter Gill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comparative analysis of the sometimes fraught process of achieving democratic governance of security intelligence agencies presents material from countries other than those normally featured in the Intelligence Studies literature of North America and Europe. Some of the countries examined are former Communist countries and several in Latin America are former military regimes. Others have been democratic for a long time but still experience widespread political violence. Through a mix of single-country and comparative studies, major aspects of intelligence are considered, including the legacy of, and transition from, authoritarianism; the difficulties of achieving genuine reform; and the apparent inevitability of periodic scandals. Authors consider a range of methodological approaches to the study of intelligence and the challenges of analysing the secret world. Finally, consideration is given to the success – or otherwise – of intelligence reform, and the effectiveness of democratic institutions of control and oversight. This book was originally published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security.

Big Business and Dictatorships in Latin America

Author : Victoria Basualdo
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030439259
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Big Business and Dictatorships in Latin America by : Victoria Basualdo

Download or read book Big Business and Dictatorships in Latin America written by Victoria Basualdo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume studies the relationship between big business and the Latin American dictatorial regimes during the Cold War. The first section provides a general background about the contemporary history of business corporations and dictatorships in the twentieth century at the international level. The second section comprises chapters that analyze five national cases (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Peru), as well as a comparative analysis of the banking sector in the Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay). The third section presents six case studies of large companies in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Central America. This book is crucial reading because it provides the first comprehensive analysis of a key yet understudied topic in Cold War history in Latin America.

Making Sovereign Financing and Human Rights Work

Author : Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782253939
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Sovereign Financing and Human Rights Work by : Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky

Download or read book Making Sovereign Financing and Human Rights Work written by Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor public resource management and the global financial crisis curbing fundamental fiscal space, millions thrown into poverty, and authoritarian regimes running successful criminal campaigns with the help of financial assistance are all phenomena that raise fundamental questions around finance and human rights. They also highlight the urgent need for more systematic and robust legal and economic thinking about sovereign finance and human rights. This edited collection aims to contribute to filling this gap by introducing novel legal theories and analyses of the links between sovereign debt and human rights from a variety of perspectives. These chapters include studies of financial complicity, UN sanctions, ethics, transitional justice, criminal law, insolvency proceedings, millennium development goals, global financial architecture, corporations, extraterritoriality, state of necessity, sovereign wealth and hedge funds, project financing, state responsibility, international financial institutions, the right to development, UN initiatives, litigation, as well as case studies from Africa, Asia and Latin America. These chapters are then theorised by the editors in an introductory chapter. In July 2012 the UN Human Rights Council finally issued its own guidelines on foreign debt and human rights, yet much remains to be done to promote better understanding of the legal and economic implications of the interface between finance and human rights. This book will contribute to that understanding as well as help practitioners in their everyday work. The authors include world-renowned lawyers and economists, experienced practitioners and officials from international organisations.

Corporate Accountability in the Context of Transitional Justice

Author : Sabine Michalowski
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317577493
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Corporate Accountability in the Context of Transitional Justice by : Sabine Michalowski

Download or read book Corporate Accountability in the Context of Transitional Justice written by Sabine Michalowski and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate Accountability in the Context of Transitional Justice explores how corporations can be held accountable for their role in past human rights violations when a country is making a transition from conflict or repression to peace and democracy. It breaks new ground in theorizing the linkages between the areas of transitional justice and corporate accountability and analyzing problems frequently arising where the two fields meet in practice, for example where the role of corporations in past human rights violations is examined by truth and reconciliation commissions or in the course of litigation. The book provides an overview of the current trends in law and in legal and political discussion relating to both areas, as well as in-depth analysis of how tools of corporate accountability and transitional justice can complement each other in order to achieve the best outcomes for bringing justice to victims and lasting peace to societies. The authors bring extensive experience from diverse professional backgrounds and jurisdictions to provide the first sustained attempt to address this link. The book will be of interest to scholars, practitioners, policymakers and activists working in the areas of transitional justice; corporate accountability; and business and human rights.

Justice and Economic Violence in Transition

Author : Dustin N. Sharp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461481724
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Justice and Economic Violence in Transition by : Dustin N. Sharp

Download or read book Justice and Economic Violence in Transition written by Dustin N. Sharp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-14 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the role of economic violence (violations of economic and social rights, corruption, and plunder of natural resources) within the transitional justice agenda. Because economic violence often leads to conflict, is perpetrated during conflict, and continues afterwards as a legacy of conflict, a greater focus on economic and social rights issues in the transitional justice context is critical. One might add that insofar as transitional justice is increasingly seen as an instrument of peacebuilding rather than a simple political transition, focus on economic violence as the crucial “root cause” is key to preventing re-lapse into conflict. Recent increasing attention to economic issues by academics and truth commissions suggest this may be slowly changing, and that economic and social rights may represent the “next frontier” of transitional justice concerns. There remain difficult questions that have yet to be worked out at the level of theory, policy, and practice. Further scholarship in this regard is both timely, and necessary. This volume therefore presents an opportunity to fill an important gap. The project will bring together new papers by recognized and emerging scholars and policy experts in the field.

Securing Sex

Author : Benjamin A. Cowan
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469627515
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Securing Sex by : Benjamin A. Cowan

Download or read book Securing Sex written by Benjamin A. Cowan and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this history of right-wing politics in Brazil during the Cold War, Benjamin Cowan puts the spotlight on the Cold Warriors themselves. Drawing on little-tapped archival records, he shows that by midcentury, conservatives--individuals and organizations, civilian as well as military--were firmly situated in a transnational network of right-wing cultural activists. They subsequently joined the powerful hardline constituency supporting Brazil's brutal military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985. There, they lent their weight to a dictatorship that, Cowan argues, operationalized a moral panic that conflated communist subversion with manifestations of modernity, coalescing around the crucial nodes of gender and sexuality, particularly in relation to youth, women, and the mass media. The confluence of an empowered right and a security establishment suffused with rightist moralism created strongholds of anticommunism that spanned government agencies, spurred repression, and generated attempts to control and even change quotidian behavior. Tracking how limits to Cold War authoritarianism finally emerged, Cowan concludes that the record of autocracy and repression in Brazil is part of a larger story of reaction against perceived threats to traditional views of family, gender, moral standards, and sexuality--a story that continues in today's culture wars.

Trafficking of Human Beings from a Human Rights Perspective

Author : Tom Obokata
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047411064
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis Trafficking of Human Beings from a Human Rights Perspective by : Tom Obokata

Download or read book Trafficking of Human Beings from a Human Rights Perspective written by Tom Obokata and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2006-11-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trafficking of human beings is a widespread practice in the modern world. It has been estimated that between 600,000 and 800,000 people, the majority of whom are women and children, are trafficked worldwide each year. The rapid growth in trafficking of human beings and its transnational nature have prompted the international community to take urgent action, and a major step was taken when the United Nations adopted the Protocol to Prevent and Suppress Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Trafficking Protocol), attached to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime (Organised Crime Convention) in December 2000. Yet addressing the human rights aspects of the phenomenon has proven to be difficult in practice, and so far a holistic approach which addresses wider issues surrounding the phenomenon has not been taken. The purpose of this book is to go further than simply recognising that trafficking is a human rights issue. It attempts to establish a human rights framework to analyse and address the act by identifying applicable human rights norms and principles from the beginning to the end of the trafficking process, such as the rights to life, work, health, as well as freedom from torture and slavery. It then articulates key obligations under international human rights law, including the obligations to prohibit trafficking, punish traffickers, protect victims, and to address the causes and the consequences of the practice.

Human Rights in Turmoil

Author : Stéphanie Lagoutte
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9004154329
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Rights in Turmoil by : Stéphanie Lagoutte

Download or read book Human Rights in Turmoil written by Stéphanie Lagoutte and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are human rights gaining or losing ground? This question has become relevant after two decades of unprecedented progress in developing human rights standards and institutions. The political climate during the Cold War created many obstacles, but the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and its aftermath during the following decade created a sense of promise and progress among human rights scholars and actors. Yet, today, actions, statements and initiatives questioning the legitimacy and validity of human rights, or even threatening their very existence, have become a regular part of current political realities, even in states traditionally dedicated to the rule of law. This would have been inconceivable ten or twenty years ago. At the political level human rights are gaining as well as losing ground. The question of the adequacy, legitimacy and scope of human rights is still a live one. And weaknesses in supra-national human rights protection systems have emerged over the last twenty years. It is now clear that human rights mechanisms are not well adapted to the handling of the ever-increasing number of complaints or to the effective implementation of human rights. This thought-provoking collection of essays by leading scholars and practitioners in the field of human rights explores the ways in which human rights are currently being challenged and weakened, but also strengthened in important and groundbreaking ways in different areas and settings. They explore the many current debates which centre on human rights concerns: debates about secularism and religious norms, about minimum social standards and social security, about the future regulation of citizenship, about prison reform and theuse of less inhumane methods of detention; as well as the reform of the UN system and the challenges facing the now overburdened European Court of Human Rights.

Social Issues, Globalisation And International Institutions

Author : Virginia A. Leary
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9004145796
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Issues, Globalisation And International Institutions by : Virginia A. Leary

Download or read book Social Issues, Globalisation And International Institutions written by Virginia A. Leary and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This original study examines the extent to which international labour issues have become issue of concern within the European Union, the ILO, the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), and the WTO (World Trade Organization).

Responding to Human Rights Violations, 1946-1999

Author : Katarina Tomaševski
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004478655
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Responding to Human Rights Violations, 1946-1999 by : Katarina Tomaševski

Download or read book Responding to Human Rights Violations, 1946-1999 written by Katarina Tomaševski and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume maps out the response of states to human rights violations. It covers the period 1946-1999 and offers a complete and unmatched record for this period. Its starting point is that such responses are not established and accepted state practice. Traditional, if unwritten, norms of states' behaviour developed through centuries of silence and inaction; the prevalent reaction to human rights violations by another state remains the absence of any response. Furthermore, this book probes into evidence of active and passive complicity by reviewing aid to countries in which violations have been taking place and diplomatic initiatives undertaken to shield violators from public opprobrium. Since international law is generated through state practice, the book highlights the ongoing tussle between the pre-1946 heritage of silence and inaction and the 1946-1999 haphazard pattern of responses to violations.

Fair Treatment of Persons in Police Custody

Author : Ralf Alleweldt
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031617371
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Fair Treatment of Persons in Police Custody by : Ralf Alleweldt

Download or read book Fair Treatment of Persons in Police Custody written by Ralf Alleweldt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Responding to International Crime

Author : Geoff Gilbert
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9004152768
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Responding to International Crime by : Geoff Gilbert

Download or read book Responding to International Crime written by Geoff Gilbert and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the wars in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and the events of 11 September 2001, awareness of international crimes has come to the forefront of public consciousness. The very public responses seen in the establishment by the Security Council of the ad hoc tribunals and the international community coming together to create the International Criminal Court have done much to promote the idea that there should be no impunity for international criminals. Nevertheless, while those are incredibly significant steps in the attempt to combat international crime, there is no way due to their jurisdictional competence that such bodies could ever hope to address all the various crimes that are committed that are not confined to a single domestic jurisdiction either by reason of their nature or trans-border factors. As such, the response of the international community to international crime depends as much on extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction, mutual legal assistance agreements, extradition and other means of lawful rendition. Furthermore, given the fundamental rule that a person is innocent until proven guilty and that everyone within the jurisdiction of a State is owed certain basic minimum human rights guarantees, responses to international crime cannot be without limitation. Respect for the alleged transnational fugitive offender is as important a factor in responding to international crime as preventing impunity for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross human rights violations.

When States Kill

Author : Cecilia Menjívar
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292778503
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis When States Kill by : Cecilia Menjívar

Download or read book When States Kill written by Cecilia Menjívar and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2009-07-21 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early twentieth century, technological transfers from the United States to Latin American countries have involved technologies of violence for social control. As the chapters in this book illustrate, these technological transfers have taken various forms, including the training of Latin American military personnel in surveillance and torture and the provision of political and logistic support for campaigns of state terror. The human cost for Latin America has been enormous—thousands of Latin Americans have been murdered, disappeared, or tortured, and whole communities have been terrorized into silence. Organized by region, the essays in this book address the topic of state-sponsored terrorism in a variety of ways. Most take the perspective that state-directed political violence is a modern development of a regional political structure in which U.S. political interests weigh heavily. Others acknowledge that Latin American states enthusiastically received U.S. support for their campaigns of terror. A few see local culture and history as key factors in the implementation of state campaigns of political violence. Together, all the essays exemplify how technologies of terror have been transferred among various Latin American countries, with particular attention to the role that the United States, as a "strong" state, has played in such transfers.