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Author : Charlotte Carlberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (185 download)
Download or read book Detection of Human DNA Adducts in Relation to Disease and General Exposure written by Charlotte Carlberg and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Joshua J. Klaene
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)
Download or read book DNA Adducts as Markers of Exposure and Disease written by Joshua J. Klaene and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA adducts serve as important biomarkers of exposure and disease. Because DNA adducts are present so early in the carcinogenic process, they are promising indicators of risk for early detection. Sensitive and specific analytical methods are necessary to detect DNA adducts that are present in very low abundance. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has become a mainstay in DNA adduct analysis and rapid technological improvements continue to expand its utility. Chapter 1 reviews the process of carcinogenesis resulting from exposure to chemical carcinogens, in which DNA adduction is the initial event that triggers a cascade of effects to transform normal cells into cancer cells. This chapter illustrates the central role of DNA adducts in carcinogenesis and the metabolic processes that determine the fate of many chemical carcinogens. Chapter 2 shifts the focus to the analytical methods used to detect and quantitate DNA adducts. This chapter chronicles the transition from 32P-postlabeling to modern liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry that offers exceptional sensitivity and structural identification of DNA adducts. Chapter 3 describes the full validation of our nanoflow liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the quantitation, by isotope dilution, of 4-aminobiphenyl DNA adducts in mouse bladder DNA. Using criteria from the FDA's current guidance for bioanalysis, the performance of our method was determined for accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability. Then in Chapter 4, the validated nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS method was applied to series of dosing studies using a mouse model. The goal of this initiative was to identify the molecular mechanisms that explain why men have an increased risk (by 4-fold) for developing bladder cancer. The aromatic amine 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) is a known bladder carcinogen but requires metabolic activation to be genotoxic. A phase 2 metabolic enzyme with gender-biased hepatic expression has been implicated as the determining factor in this gender disparity. Results provide insight into the regulation and activity of this metabolic enzyme and its role in 4-ABP-induced bladder cancer. Chapter 5 addresses the common issue of matrix effects in LC-MS analysis and details the strategies employed to characterize the sources of matrix effects and method optimization used to overcome this problem. The optimized method was then applied in two studies of DNA adducts resulting from PAH exposures. In the first study, the nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS method described above was used to determine dose-response dependence in a culture of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to an activated PAH metabolite. In the second study, the mutagenic potential of atmospheric urban aerosols was investigated. Fine, respirable particulate material (PM 2.5) can be transported great distances by air masses and carry with them carcinogenic PAHs leading to unavoidable exposures of humans to environmental carcinogens. We modeled this exposure by directly administering PM to a metabolically competent human cell line and used nanoLC-MS/MS methodology including the "adductomics" approach of screening for PAH-DNA adducts with constant neutral loss (CNL) scanning. Then targeted analyses were done using reaction monitoring (MRM/SRM) and MSn for enhanced sensitivity and confirmation of PAH-DNA adducts. Identification of two PAH-DNA adducts confirms that PM functions as a vehicle to deliver harmful compounds to human cells resulting in DNA damage. These results have major implications for human health. Finally, a summary is provided in Chapter 6 along with future perspectives for the role of DNA adduct analysis in biomonitoring of human health.
Author : Emerson Álvarez
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781607414339
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (143 download)
Download or read book DNA Adducts written by Emerson Álvarez and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous physical and chemical stress factors, endogenous or exogenous, challenge living organisms. Metabolisation processes generate highly reactive intermediates which can covalently bind to DNA, resulting in bulky addition products called "adducts." DNA adduct formation appears to be a general response of plants to organic chemical exposure, whether in controlled conditions or in the field. In particular, common carcinogenic pollutants and pesticides promote the formation of DNA adducts in plants. The authors of this book examine the development of DNA adducts, as well as the ways in which they can be eliminated due to DNA repair pathways. In this book, the data from in vivo transgenic assays is also examined, which can help to clarify specific pre-mutagenic adducts, DNA repair functions and mutational events that may be involved in the mutagenicity of human carcinogens. Other chapters in this book identify and discuss novel anthracyclines capable of forming DNA adducts, the role of DNA adducts as early biomarkers in the screening and development of marine anticancer drugs, the genotoxicity, such as DNA adduct formation, of air pollutants and its assessment by in vivo mutagenesis and a discussion of oxidative DNA damage, which can play an important role in the carcinogenic processes of PAHs and aromatic amines, in addition to bulky-DNA adducts formation.
Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309112982
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-12-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Surgeon General's report returns to the topic of the health effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. The last comprehensive review of this evidence by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was in the 1986 Surgeon General's report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking, published 20 years ago this year. This new report updates the evidence of the harmful effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. This large body of research findings is captured in an accompanying dynamic database that profiles key epidemiologic findings, and allows the evidence on health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke to be synthesized and updated (following the format of the 2004 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking). The database enables users to explore the data and studies supporting the conclusions in the report. The database is available on the Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309044375
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Human Monitoring Program (NHMP) identifies concentrations of specific chemicals in human tissues, including toxicologic testing and risk assessment determinations. This volume evaluates the current activities of the NHMP; identifies important scientific, technical, and programmatic issues; and makes recommendations regarding the design of the program and use of its products.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Scott M. Dehm
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303032656X
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Prostate Cancer written by Scott M. Dehm and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide a contemporary overview of the causes and consequences of prostate cancer from a cellular and genetic perspective. Written by experts in the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, cell biology, genetics, genomics, cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation, the text covers aspects of prostate cancer from disease initiation to metastasis. Chapters explore in depth the cells of origin for prostate cancer, its genomic subtypes, neural transcription factors in disease progression, epigenetic regulation of chromatin, and many other topics. This book distinguishes itself from other texts on prostate cancer by its focus on cellular and genetic mechanisms, as opposed to clinical diagnosis and management. As a result, this book will be of broad interest to basic and translational scientists with familiarity of these topics, as well as to trainees at earlier stages of their research careers.
Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Styrene, Styrene-7,8-oxide, and Quinoline written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of quinoline, styrene, and styrene-7,8-oxide. Quinoline and styrene are present in air pollution and in tobacco smoke. Quinoline also occurs in the processing of petroleum and shale oil, and is found in groundwater and soil at sites contaminated by coal tar and creosote. Quinoline and styrene are high production volume chemicals. Quinoline is used to produce various drugs and dyes. Styrene is primarily used in the production of polystyrene polymers. Styrene-7,8-oxide is primarily used to produce epoxy resins. Styrene-7,8-oxide is the primary metabolite of styrene in humans. Styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide are found in workplace air, particularly in the reinforced plastics industry and the rubber industry. Exposure to these agents may occur in the general population as well as in various occupational settings. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of environmental or occupational exposure to these agents.
Author : Ashis K. Basu
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038971294
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Chemically-Induced DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and Cancer written by Ashis K. Basu and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue " Chemically-Induced DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and Cancer" that was published in IJMS
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 742 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paul A. Schulte
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323138578
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology written by Paul A. Schulte and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will serve as a primer for both laboratory and field scientists who are shaping the emerging field of molecular epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology utilizes the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but uses biological markers to identify exposure, disease or susceptibility. Schulte and Perera present the epidemiologic methods pertinent to biological markers. The book is also designed to enumerate the considerations necessary for valid field research and provide a resource on the salient and subtle features of biological indicators.
Author : Mark D. Evans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387729747
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)
Download or read book Oxidative Damage to Nucleic Acids written by Mark D. Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date coverage of selected topics in nucleic acid oxidation. The topics have been selected to cover everything from basic chemical mechanisms, repair of damage and the biological and pathological meaning of DNA oxidation. The chapters are authored by leading, research active, international experts in the respective topics.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Lead written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for N-nitrosodimethylamine written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
