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Author : Heman White Chaplin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (785 download)
Download or read book Record Title to Land written by Heman White Chaplin and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P. A. Lakshminarayanan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 904813885X
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)
Download or read book Modelling Diesel Combustion written by P. A. Lakshminarayanan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenomenology of Diesel Combustion and Modeling Diesel is the most efficient combustion engine today and it plays an important role in transport of goods and passengers on land and on high seas. The emissions must be controlled as stipulated by the society without sacrificing the legendary fuel economy of the diesel engines. These important drivers caused innovations in diesel engineering like re-entrant combustion chambers in the piston, lower swirl support and high pressure injection, in turn reducing the ignition delay and hence the nitric oxides. The limits on emissions are being continually reduced. The- fore, the required accuracy of the models to predict the emissions and efficiency of the engines is high. The phenomenological combustion models based on physical and chemical description of the processes in the engine are practical to describe diesel engine combustion and to carry out parametric studies. This is because the injection process, which can be relatively well predicted, has the dominant effect on mixture formation and subsequent course of combustion. The need for improving these models by incorporating new developments in engine designs is explained in Chapter 2. With “model based control programs” used in the Electronic Control Units of the engines, phenomenological models are assuming more importance now because the detailed CFD based models are too slow to be handled by the Electronic Control Units. Experimental work is necessary to develop the basic understanding of the pr- esses.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book A Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study of the Effects of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons on Soot Emissions from Diesel Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed chemical kinetic modeling approach is used to examine the phenomenon of suppression of sooting in diesel engines by addition of oxygenated hydrocarbon species to the fuel. This suppression, which has been observed experimentally for a few years, is explained kinetically as a reduction in concentrations of soot precursors present in the hot products of a fuel-rich diesel ignition zone when oxygenates are included. Oxygenates decrease the overall equivalence ratio of the igniting mixture, producing higher ignition temperatures and more radical species to consume more soot precursor species, leading to lower soot production. The kinetic model is also used to show how different oxygenates, ester structures in particular, can have different soot-suppression efficiencies due to differences in molecular structure of the oxygenated species.
Author : Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447153073
Total Pages : 657 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Cleaner Combustion written by Frédérique Battin-Leclerc and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-06 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This overview compiles the on-going research in Europe to enlarge and deepen the understanding of the reaction mechanisms and pathways associated with the combustion of an increased range of fuels. Focus is given to the formation of a large number of hazardous minor pollutants and the inability of current combustion models to predict the formation of minor products such as alkenes, dienes, aromatics, aldehydes and soot nano-particles which have a deleterious impact on both the environment and on human health. Cleaner Combustion describes, at a fundamental level, the reactive chemistry of minor pollutants within extensively validated detailed mechanisms for traditional fuels, but also innovative surrogates, describing the complex chemistry of new environmentally important bio-fuels. Divided into five sections, a broad yet detailed coverage of related research is provided. Beginning with the development of detailed kinetic mechanisms, chapters go on to explore techniques to obtain reliable experimental data, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mechanism reduction and uncertainty analysis, and elementary reactions. This comprehensive coverage of current research provides a solid foundation for researchers, managers, policy makers and industry operators working in or developing this innovative and globally relevant field.
Author : Sung-Woo Park
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (817 download)
Download or read book Detailed Chemical Kinetic Model for Oxygenated Fuels written by Sung-Woo Park and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed chemical kinetic model is developed and tested for the combustion of C2 and C3 oxygenated fuels such as ethanol, DME (dimethyl ether), acetone and n-propanol. It is validated by comparing predictions with experimental data on the structure of low pressure burner stabilised premixed flames and laminar burning velocities over a wide range of equivalence ratios. Data from shock tube and stirred reactor studies has also been considered. The elementary reactions of ethanol and DME oxidation have been studied extensively and were used as a starting point for extension to C3 oxygenated fuels. The chemistry of acetylene which is one of major intermediate species in higher hydrocarbon flames was also updated to improve the reliability of the present mechanism and acetylene laminar burning velocities and low-pressure premixed lean and rich flames were also computed. The detailed mechanism features more than 1500 reaction steps and 269 species. The structure of laminar premixed flames are predicted by using measured temperature profiles and conditions cover fuel-lean and fuel-rich mixtures at low pressure. The profiles of reactants, products and major intermediate species are compared to experimental data from mass spectrometry and the overall agreement between the kinetic model and experimental data is satisfactory. An analytic study of fuel consumption pathways is carried out to understand the detailed consumption pathways. The present mechanism is also tested against laminar flame speeds by calculating freely propagating premixed flames to extend the understanding of the combustion characteristics of oxygenated fuels. A sensitivity analysis is also performed.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Chemical Kinetic Models for HCCI and Diesel Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrocarbon fuels for advanced combustion engines consist of complex mixtures of hundreds or even thousands of different components. These components can be grouped into a number of chemically distinct classes, consisting of n-paraffins, branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins, olefins, oxygenates, and aromatics. Biodiesel contains its own unique chemical class called methyl esters. The fractional amounts of these chemical classes are quite different in gasoline, diesel fuel, oil-sand derived fuels and bio-derived fuels, which contributes to the very different combustion characteristics of each of these types of combustion systems. The objectives of this project are: (1) Develop detailed chemical kinetic models for fuel components used in surrogate fuels for diesel and HCCI engines; (2) Develop surrogate fuel models to represent real fuels and model low temperature combustion strategies in HCCI and diesel engines that lead to low emissions and high efficiency; and (3) Characterize the role of fuel composition on low temperature combustion modes of advanced combustion engines.
Download or read book Detailed Chemical Kinetic Mechanisms for Combustion of Oxygenated Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermodynamic properties and detailed chemical kinetic models have been developed for the combustion of two oxygenates: methyl butanoate, a model compound for biodiesel fuels, and methyl formate, a related simpler molecule. Bond additivity methods and rules for estimating kinetic parameters were adopted from hydrocarbon combustion and extended. The resulting mechanisms have been tested against the limited combustion data available in the literature, which was obtained at low temperature, subatmospheric conditions in closed vessels, using pressure measurements as the main diagnostic. Some qualitative agreement was obtained, but the experimental data consistently indicated lower overall reactivities than the model, differing by factors of 10 to 50. This discrepancy, which occurs for species with well-established kinetic mechanisms as well as for methyl esters, is tentatively ascribed to the presence of wall reactions in the experiments. The model predicts a region of weak or negative dependence of overall reaction rate on temperature for each methyl ester. Examination of the reaction fluxes provides an explanation of this behavior, involving a temperature-dependent competition between chain-propagating unimolecular decomposition processes and chain-branching processes, similar to that accepted for hydrocarbons. There is an urgent need to obtain more complete experimental data under well-characterized conditions for thorough testing of the model.
Author : S. M. Aceves
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Analysis of Low Temperature Non-Sooting Diesel Combustion written by S. M. Aceves and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed a model of the diesel fuel injection process for application to analysis of low temperature non-sooting combustion. The model uses a simplified mixing correlation and detailed chemical kinetics, and analyzes a parcel of fuel as it moves along the fuel jet, from injection into evaporation and ignition. The model predicts chemical composition and soot precursors, and is applied at conditions that result in low temperature non-sooting combustion. Production of soot precursors is the first step toward production of soot, and modeling precursor production is expected to give insight into the overall evolution of soot inside the engine. The results of the analysis show that the model has been successful in describing many of the observed characteristics of low temperature combustion. The model predicts results that are qualitatively similar to those obtained for soot formation experiments at conditions in which the EGR rate is increased from zero to very high values as the fueling rate is kept constant. The model also describes the two paths to achieve non-sooting combustion. The first is smokeless rich combustion and the second is modulated kinetics (MK). The importance of the temperature after ignition and the equivalence ratio at the time of ignition is demonstrated, as these parameters can be used to collapse onto a single line all the results for soot precursors for multiple fueling rates. A parametric analysis indicates that precursor formation increases considerably as the gas temperature in the combustion chamber and the characteristic mixing time are increased. The model provides a chemical kinetic description of low temperature diesel combustion that improves the understanding of this clean and efficient regime of operation.
Author : Wenyu Sun
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819945100
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Investigations into the Combustion Kinetics of Several Novel Oxygenated Fuels written by Wenyu Sun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, attention was paid to several novel oxygenated fuels—carbonates, polyethers and ketones. Combustion kinetic investigations were performed for typical representative compounds, including dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, cyclopentanone, 3-pentanone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and dimethoxymethane. For experiments, suitable diagnostic techniques were used to measure the detailed speciation information of the target fuels under different conditions. For kinetic modeling, rate coefficients for crucial elementary reactions were obtained through high-level theoretical calculations. Based on that, validated kinetic models with good predictive performances were developed. On the basis of experimental measurements and model interpretations, this work highlighted two important combustion characteristics regarding the practical use: the pollutant formation and the ignition performance. Besides, the correlation between oxygen-containing functional groups and the aforementioned combustion characteristics was revealed. To reveal the potential interactions between the reaction networks of oxygenated additives and the hydrocarbon base fuels during combustion. Chemical structures of laminar premixed flames fueled by binary fuels were measured, and by changing the initial fuel compositions, the addition effects of the oxygenates on the fuel consumption and pollutant formation behaviors were explored. It was found that complicated chemical interactions do not exist in the reaction networks under the investigated conditions.
Author : W. J. Pitz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Combustion of Automotive Fuels written by W. J. Pitz and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this report are to: (1) Develop detailed chemical kinetic reaction models for components of fuels, including olefins and cycloalkanes used in diesel, spark-ignition and HCCI engines; (2) Develop surrogate mixtures of hydrocarbon components to represent real fuels and lead to efficient reduced combustion models; and (3) Characterize the role of fuel composition on production of emissions from practical automotive engines.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Recent Advances in Detailed Chemical Kinetic Models for Large Hydrocarbon and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: N-Hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane represent the primary reference fuels for diesel that are used to determine cetane number, a measure of the ignition property of diesel fuel. With the development of chemical kinetics models for these two primary reference fuels for diesel, a new capability is now available to model diesel fuel ignition. Also, we have developed chemical kinetic models for a whole series of large n-alkanes and a large iso-alkane to represent these chemical classes in fuel surrogates for conventional and future fuels. Methyl decanoate and methyl stearate are large methyl esters that are closely related to biodiesel fuels, and kinetic models for these molecules have also been developed. These chemical kinetic models are used to predict the effect of the fuel molecule size and structure on ignition characteristics under conditions found in internal combustion engines.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Detailed Chemical Kinetic Models for Large N-alkanes and Iso-alkanes Found in Conventional and F-T Diesel Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: N-Hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane represent the primary reference fuels for diesel that are used to determine cetane number, a measure of the ignition property of diesel fuel. With the development of chemical kinetics models for both primary reference fuels, a new capability is now available to model diesel fuel ignition. Additionally, we have developed chemical kinetic models for a whole series of large n-alkanes and a large iso-alkane to represent these chemical classes in fuel surrogates for conventional and future fuels. These chemical kinetic models are used to predict the effect of the aforementioned fuel components on ignition characteristics under conditions found in internal combustion engines.
Author : Nilesh L. Bagal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Development of a Kinetic/phenomenological CO Emission Model for Conventional and LTC Diesel Combustion written by Nilesh L. Bagal and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John B. Edwards
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Combustion written by John B. Edwards and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1974 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Computational Investigation of Diesel and Biodiesel Combustion and NOx Formation in a Light-duty Compression Ignition Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel and biodiesel combustion in a multi-cylinder light duty diesel engine were simulated during a closed cycle (from IVC to EVO), using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, CONVERGE, coupled with detailed chemical kinetics. The computational domain was constructed based on engine geometry and compression ratio measurements. A skeletal n-heptane-based diesel mechanism developed by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology and a reduced biodiesel mechanism derived and validated by Luo and co-workers were applied to model the combustion chemistry. The biodiesel mechanism contains 89 species and 364 reactions and uses methyl decanoate, methyl-9- decenoate, and n-heptane as the surrogate fuel mixture. The Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) spray breakup model for diesel and biodiesel was calibrated to account for the differences in physical properties of the fuels which result in variations in atomization and spray development characteristics. The simulations were able to capture the experimentally observed pressure and apparent heat release rate trends for both the fuels over a range of engine loads (BMEPs from 2.5 to 10 bar) and fuel injection timings (from 0° BTDC to 10° BTDC), thus validating the overall modeling approach as well as the chemical kinetic models of diesel and biodiesel surrogates. Moreover, quantitative NOx predictions for diesel combustion and qualitative NOx predictions for biodiesel combustion were obtained with the CFD simulations and the in-cylinder temperature trends were correlated to the NOx trends.
Author : Chunsham Song
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000158667
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Chemistry of Diesel Fuels written by Chunsham Song and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-08 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited work covers diesel fuel chemistry in a systematic fashion from initial fuel production to the tail pipe exhaust. The chapters are written by leading experts in the research areas of analytical characterization of diesel fuel, fuel production and refining, catalysis in fuel processing, pollution minimization and control, and diesel fuel additives.
Author : John H Johnson
Publisher : SAE International
ISBN 13 : 1468600117
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (686 download)
Download or read book Diesel Particulate Emissions Landmark Research 1994-2001 written by John H Johnson and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2002-02-20 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for manufacturers to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mobile source diesel emissions standards for on-highway light duty and heavy duty vehicles has been the driving force for the control of diesel particulate and NOx emissions reductions. Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research 1994-2001 contains the latest research and development findings that will help guide engineers to achieve low particulate emissions from future engines. Based on extensive SAE literature from the past seven years, the 45 papers in this book have been selected from the SAE Transactions Journals.
