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Desulphurization Of Model Oil And Diesel Using Ionic Liquid
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Book Synopsis Desulphurization and Denitrification of Diesel Oil Using Ionic Liquids by : Tamal Banerjee
Download or read book Desulphurization and Denitrification of Diesel Oil Using Ionic Liquids written by Tamal Banerjee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-11 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desulphurization and Denitrification of Diesel Oil using Ionic Liquids: Experiments and Quantum Chemical Predictions discusses how quantum chemical calculations are applied to investigate the fundamental nature of the IL-sulphur-nitrogen systems at atomic and molecular levels. The book will help readers understand the nature of the structural relationship between molecules such as ionic liquid + aromatic sulphur + aromatic nitrogen system(s). In addition, COSMO-RS (Conductor Like Screening Model for Real Solvents) predictions and subsequent experimentation are discussed to evaluate the performance of ionic liquids for desulphurization and denitrification of diesel oil. Provides current research on green solvents, such as ionic liquids, used in desulphurization and denitrification of fuels Discusses the COSMO-RS model in predicting the properties of ionic liquids to aid in the design of separation processes Includes real-world applications of desulphurization and denitrification using ionic liquids
Book Synopsis Desulphurization of Model Oil and Diesel Using Ionic Liquid by : Mohd Rafiqul Zarin Ramli
Download or read book Desulphurization of Model Oil and Diesel Using Ionic Liquid written by Mohd Rafiqul Zarin Ramli and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel is a multi-purpose petroleum fuel used in all kinds of vehicles. But remains one of the largest source of fine particle air pollution, which has serious health impacts. Depending on the crude oil used and the refinery configurations, sulphur levels in diesel range from below 10 ppm to as high as 1000 ppm. In fact, Europe, United States, and Japan have all put in place measures to reduce sulphur to lower levels which is below 10 ppm to 15 ppm, often along with emission standards that require advanced emission control technologies that cannot be used with higher sulphur fuels. By March of 2008, there are many countries that have switched to diesel fuel with 500 ppm or less such as Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand including our country, Malaysia. There are various methods applied in industry to obtain low-sulphur fuels such as hydrocracking processes. But, the sulphur removal using ionic liquids are gaining wide recognition as potential environmental solvents due to their very low vapour pressure, their thermal and chemical stability, their ability to act as a catalyst, and their non-flammability and non-corrosive properties. The procedures include with three sub-process which first (ILs) is analyse with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The liquid was placed on a Germanium (Ge) plate by using a dropper and the test is run until a constant reading is visible. It is then followed by a wavelength classification by referring it to a table of characteristic IR absorptions. From the classification, it was found that there is a trace of functional groups consists of amines, amides, aromatics and alkyl halides. The lower frequency, 874.55 cm-1 and 777.29 cm-1 have functional group of aromatics with bond C-H "oop". The highest frequency with 3421.96 cm-1 has functional group of 1o, 2o amines or amides with bond N-H Stretch. Besides, there are also components with functional group of aliphatic amines with bond C-N Stretch at frequency 1044.97 cm-1 and 1104.56 cm-1 respectively. Other than that, there is functional group of alkyl halides with bond C-H wag (CH2X) at frequency 1179.15 cm-1. Secondly, the ionic liquid was undergone a CHNOS testing to check the percentage of carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), and Sulphur (S) that presented within ionic liquids. The ionic liquid was sent to University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) Central Laboratory to obtain the results. Based on the result obtained, the (ILs) consists of Nitrogen by 11.37%, Carbon by 15.84%, Hydrogen by 6.729%, Sulphur by 11.185% and rest of the composition is for Oxygen by 15.84%. The result will be compared theoretically with the structure formula of (ILs).
Book Synopsis Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Pyridinium-based Ionic Liquid by : Nurul Umaira Nisa Mazelan
Download or read book Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Pyridinium-based Ionic Liquid written by Nurul Umaira Nisa Mazelan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfur is the most abundant element found in crude oil. This paper contains the study on desulfurization of model oil by extraction with Pyridinium-based ionic liquids. The objective of the project is to determine the sulfur compound, dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal efficiency of pyridinium-based ionic liquids, 1-ethylpyridinium ethylsulfate, (EpyESO4) from model oil. In order to characterize the Pyridinium-based ionic liquids, the characterization process of [EpyESO4] was conducted by using fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analyzer. Lab testing on desulfurization has been done by using different concentration of DBT (100ppm and 1000ppm) at 10 minutes of extraction time. The efficiency of the removal process has been determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the result, [EpyESO4] shows high efficiency in remove aromatic sulfur compound (DBT) at low concentration of sulfur content. The percentage sulfur removal from the model oil for 100ppm and 1000ppm were, 97.68% and 26.68% respectively. By considering these results, [EpyESO4] might be used as promising solvents for the extractive desulfurization of diesel.
Book Synopsis Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids by : Wan Mohd Syazwan Wan Abdullah
Download or read book Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids written by Wan Mohd Syazwan Wan Abdullah and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now a day, because of the dramatic environmental impact of sulfur oxides contained in engines emissions, sulfur content specification in fuels are becoming more and more stringent worldwide. In the petroleum refining industry, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the conventional process to reduce the sulfur levels of the fuels. However, HDS is cost consuming, besides requiring high temperature and high hydrogen pressure in order to eliminate the aliphatic and alicyclic sulfur compounds. Refractory sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT), methyl dibenzothiophene and 4, 6-methyl dibenzothiophene are less reactive to this process. Due to this reason, alternative sulfur removal techniques are being explored. In the past years, due to its unique properties both as extractant and also as catalyst, ionic liquids have gained increasing interest. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EMIM][BF4], has been study in this work. These ionic liquids were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ionic liquids were then screened for sulfur removal from model oil (dodecane). The sulfur containing compound used in preparing the model oil, were DBT with different concentration, 250ppm, 500ppm, 750ppm, 1000ppm, and 2000ppm. In 2000ppm of DBT, contain of 348.04ppm of sulphur. The mixture was heated in the water bath at 30 oC with a 185 rpm stirring for 30 minutes. The mass ratio of ILs to model oil was 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5. To analyze the model oil that contain of ILs by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From this experiment, it show that the higher efficiency of removal sulphur by using 1:1 volume ratio at 750ppm of DBT which is 56% removal...
Book Synopsis Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels. Industrial Productivity and Environmental Health in Petroleum Refining by : Ogheneruemu Osirim
Download or read book Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels. Industrial Productivity and Environmental Health in Petroleum Refining written by Ogheneruemu Osirim and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Engineering - Chemical Engineering, grade: A, , course: Directed Studies, language: English, abstract: This study focuses on the removal of sulfur compounds from liquid fuels specifically gasoline and diesel fuels. The paper centers on the urgency and effect of environmental regulations due to health and global warming concerns on the emerging methods of achieving ultralow sulfur fuels (ULSF). The traditional hydrodesulphurization process is reviewed and its limitations to achieving ULSF is highlighted. The effect and challenge in achieving ULSF such as change in octane and cetane numbers and the reduced quality of the fuels were also foregrounded. Alternative methods for improved desulfurization process including Biodesulfurization and adsorption desulfurization were examined. Current works by researchers on the methods and processes of achieving ULSF were also investigated. Desulfurization is the process or processes used to remove or reduce the sulfur content of natural gas and other refined petroleum products such as diesel and gasoline. Sulfur is a non-metallic chemical element which is yellow in color and solid at room temperature. It is abundant in nature and is usually found in elemental form and also occurs as a sulfide or sulfate mineral. Sulfur can be used for many productive processes such in the manufacture of fertilizers and insecticides and it is an essential element for all living organism. Despite its usefulness, sulfur when exposed in a certain form to the environment can lead to environmental, material and health damage. One of the major sources of sulfur today is the petroleum industry where sulfur occurs as thiols, thiophenes, organic sulfides and disulfides. They occur in several refined petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, coal, and fuel oils. They constitute as contaminants and therefore are undesirable constituents in the oil and gas industry. In the petroleum industry sulfur is a process contaminant as it deactivates some catalyst during the refining process and causes the corrosion of pumping, pipeline, and refining equipment. Sulfur compounds left in fuels also lead to massive emissions of sulfur gases which not only have environmental impacts but health and material effects as well. When sulfur gases are emitted, they react with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and sulfates which turns to acid rain. Acid rain and sulfates cause damage to buildings, automotive painting, they acidify the soil which leads to deforestation and eventually damage to some ecosystem.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in the Science and Technology of Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel Using Ionic Liquids by : Elaheh Kowsari
Download or read book Recent Advances in the Science and Technology of Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel Using Ionic Liquids written by Elaheh Kowsari and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Potential Ionic Liquids for Extractive Desulfurization on Diesel by : Syamsul Bahari Abdullah
Download or read book Development of Potential Ionic Liquids for Extractive Desulfurization on Diesel written by Syamsul Bahari Abdullah and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Desulfurization of Petroleum Distillates Using Novel Ionic Liquids by : Ramogohlo Eunice Sefoka
Download or read book Investigation of the Desulfurization of Petroleum Distillates Using Novel Ionic Liquids written by Ramogohlo Eunice Sefoka and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Desulfurization of Fuel Oils: Mutual Solubility of Ionic Liquids and Fuel Oil by :
Download or read book Desulfurization of Fuel Oils: Mutual Solubility of Ionic Liquids and Fuel Oil written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extractive Desulfurization of Fuel Oils Using Ionic Liquids by : Hanan M. Ashoshan
Download or read book Extractive Desulfurization of Fuel Oils Using Ionic Liquids written by Hanan M. Ashoshan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deep Desulfurization of Transportation Fuels Via Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes by : Richard Anthony Kindt
Download or read book Deep Desulfurization of Transportation Fuels Via Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes written by Richard Anthony Kindt and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Ionic Liquids by : Suojiang Zhang
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ionic Liquids written by Suojiang Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-03 with total page 1391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The encyclopedia consists 13 subareas as follows: 1: Synthesis and Characterisation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Fu-Wei Li and Prof. Zhen Li) 2: Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Qing Zhou, Prof. Xingmei Lu and Prof. Xiaoyan Ji) 3: Computational and Theoretical Modeling of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Guang Feng and Prof. Peter T. Cummings) 4: Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Chunxi Li and Prof. Stefan Stolte) 5: Ionic Liquids in Electrochemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Yingying Lu, Prof. Houlong Zhuang and Prof. Chuan Zhao) 6. Ionic Liquids in Organic Reaction (Section Editors: Prof. Liang-Nian He and Prof. Bhalchandra M. Bhanage) 7. Ionic Liquids in Separation (Section Editors: Prof. Huabin Xing) 8. Ionic Liquids in Biomass and Biomolecules (Section Editors: Prof. Toshiyuki Itoh and Prof. Jian Sun) 9. Ionic Liquids in Materials Science (Section Editors: Prof. Sheng Dai and Prof. Tao Wang) 10. Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Jinming Zhang and Prof. Jun Zhang) 11. Ionic Liquids in Environmental Science (Section Editors: Prof. Tiancheng Mu, Prof. Arunprakash T. Karunanithi and Prof. Yingxiong Wang) 12. Ionic Liquids in Green Chemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Buxing Han and Prof. Peter Licence) 13. Emerging Applications of Ionic Liquids (Pharmacology, Food Science, Agriculture, Nuclear Science Technology, Optics) (Section Editors: Prof. Zhonghao Li and Prof. Maya Guncheva) This encyclopedia is systematic and comprehensive, with detailed descriptions about theory, technology, and industrial applications. This encyclopedia is valuable for students, researchers and industrial players, giving them a quick understanding and overview of ionic liquids in various aspects.
Book Synopsis Crude Oil and Refinery Streams Desulphurization Using Slurry Dispersed Catalysts and Ionic Liquids by : Essam Al-Sayed
Download or read book Crude Oil and Refinery Streams Desulphurization Using Slurry Dispersed Catalysts and Ionic Liquids written by Essam Al-Sayed and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids by : Mohammed Rahman
Download or read book Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids written by Mohammed Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids contains research on the preparation, characterization, and potential applications of stable ionic liquids (ILs). ILs are a class of low- and stable-melting point, ionic compounds that have a variety of properties allowing many of them to be sustainable green solvents. It is promising novel research from top to bottom and has received a lot of interest over the last few decades. It covers the advanced topics of physical, catalytic, chemical, polymeric, and potential applications of ILs. This book features interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to the preparation, characterization, polymerization, and potential applications of ILs. This potentially unique work offers various approaches on the R
Book Synopsis DEEP DESULFURIZATION OF DIESEL FUELS BY A NOVEL INTEGRATED APPROACH. by :
Download or read book DEEP DESULFURIZATION OF DIESEL FUELS BY A NOVEL INTEGRATED APPROACH. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this project is to explore a new desulfurization system concept, which consists of efficient separation of the refractory sulfur compounds from diesel fuel by selective adsorption, and effective hydrodesulfurization of the concentrated fraction of the refractory sulfur compounds in diesel fuels. Our approaches focused on (1) selecting and developing new adsorbents for selective adsorption of sulfur or sulfur compounds in commercial diesel fuel; (2) conducting the adsorption desulfurization of model fuels and real diesel fuels by the selective-adsorption-for-removing-sulfur (PSUSARS) process over various developed adsorbents, and examining the adsorptive desulfurization performance of various adsorbents; (3) developing and evaluating the regeneration methods for various spent adsorbent; (4) developing new catalysts for hydrodesulfurization of the refractory sulfur existing in the commercial diesel fuel; (5) on the basis of the fundamental understanding of the adsorptive performance and regeneration natures of the adsorbents, further confirming and improving the conceptual design of the novel PSU-SARS process for deep desulfurization of diesel fuel Three types of adsorbents, the metal-chloride-based adsorbents, the activated nickel-based adsorbents and the metal-sulfide-based adsorbents, have been developed for selective adsorption desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbons. All of three types of the adsorbents exhibit the significant selectivity for sulfur compounds, including alkyl dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), in diesel fuel. Adsorption desulfurization of real diesel fuels (regular diesel fuel (DF), S: 325 ppmw; low sulfur diesel fuel (LSD-I), S: 47 ppmw) over the nickel-based adsorbents (A-2 and A-5) has been conducted at different conditions by using a flowing system. The adsorption capacity of DF over A-2 corresponding to an outlet sulfur level of 30 ppmw is 2.8 mg-S/g-A. The adsorption capacity of LSD-I over A-5 corresponding to the break-through point at 5.0 ppmw sulfur level is 0.35 mg-S/g-A. The spent A-5 can be regenerated by using H2 gas at a flowing rate of 40-50 ml/min, 500 C, and ambient pressure. Adsorption desulfurization of model diesel fuels over metal-sulfide-based adsorbents (A-6-1 and A-6-2) has been conducted at different temperatures to examine the capacity and selectivity of the adsorbents. A regeneration method for the spent metal-sulfide-based adsorbents has been developed. The spent A-6-1 can be easily regenerated by washing the spent adsorbent with a polar solvent followed by heating the adsorbent bed to remove the remainder solvent. Almost all adsorption capacity of the fresh A-6-1 can be recovered after the regeneration. On the other hand, a MCM-41-supported HDS catalyst was developed for deep desulfurization of the refractory sulfur compounds. The results show that the developed MCM-41-supported catalyst demonstrates consistently higher activity for the HDS of the refractory dibenzothiophenic sulfur compounds than the commercial catalyst. On the basis of the fundamental understanding of the adsorptive performance and regeneration natures of the adsorbents, the conceptual design of the novel PSU-SARS process for deep desulfurization of diesel fuel is confirmed and improved further.
Book Synopsis Deep Eutectic Solvents Extraction of Dibenzothiophene in Model Diesel by : Huan Jiang (Graduate of University of Missouri--Columbia)
Download or read book Deep Eutectic Solvents Extraction of Dibenzothiophene in Model Diesel written by Huan Jiang (Graduate of University of Missouri--Columbia) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic sulfur compounds in diesel fuel produce SOx during combustion in vehicles, leading to severe environmental pollution and causing health issues. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established increasingly rigid sulfur-content standards, which has led to intense interest in deep desulfurization of diesel fuel. However, current desulfurization technology is not sufficient to achieve the ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) required for use in highway vehicles. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) appearing at the beginning of this century have become excellent extraction agents for the deep extractive desulfurization process, owing to its low cost, simple and environmentally friendly synthesis process, chemical stability, non-volatility, and being biodegradable. Research shows that DESs have better efficiency than traditional ionic liquids (ILs). Therefore, DESs are better suited for use in desulfurization. In this study, a new potassium salt-based DES was synthesized using potassium carbonate(K2CO3) and ethylene glycol (EG). This type of DES and 30 wt.% H2O2 were employed as extractant and oxidant separately for the desulfurization system. Various experiments were carried out on the process of oxidative desulfurization (ODS), extractive desulfurization(EDS) and extractive and oxidative desulfurization (EODS) to find the optimal desulfurization process with this new type of DES. The study found EDS to be the optimal desulfurization process, with a sulfur removal efficiency of 86% at 30 °C after 2 hours, which is higher than most DESs.
Book Synopsis Ionic Liquid-Based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability by : Mohammad Jawaid
Download or read book Ionic Liquid-Based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-04 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionic Liquid-based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability explores the range of sustainable and green applications of IL materials achieved in recent years, such as gas solubility, biomass pre-treatment, bio-catalysis, energy storage, gas separation and purification technologies. The book also provides a reference material for future research in IL-based technologies for environmental and energy applications, which are much in-demand due to sustainable, reusable and eco-friendly methods for highly innovative and applied materials. Written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the world, the book aims to cover the synthesis and characterization of broad range of ionic liquids and their sustainable applications. Chapters provide cutting-edge research with state-of-the-art developments, including the use of IL-based materials for the removal of pharmaceuticals, dyes and value-added metals. Describes the fundamentals and major applications of ionic liquid materials Covers up-to-date developments in novel applications of IL materials Provides practical tips to aid researchers who work on ionic liquid applications
