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Design Of Diaphragm Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Deas And Experimental Characterization Techniques
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Book Synopsis Design of Diaphragm Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEAs) and Experimental Characterization Techniques by : Micah Hodgins
Download or read book Design of Diaphragm Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEAs) and Experimental Characterization Techniques written by Micah Hodgins and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Construction Techniques and Statictical Analysis of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators by : Adam Morrone
Download or read book Construction Techniques and Statictical Analysis of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators written by Adam Morrone and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate and improve upon existing construction methods of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). First, a proof of concept was built, which utilized a DEA as an active diaphragm to reproduce sound. Next, two electrode sizes and construction methods were compared via statistical analysis of electrode strain. In an attempt to develop an easier and more efficacious electrode construction method, the substance used for electrodes was then dissolved in six solvents. A commercially available graphite spray was compared against the solutions and determined to be the most promising on the basis of measured surface conductivity and observed particle dispersion. Finally, an actuator was tested with graphite spray electrodes; it was discovered that the spray hardens when dried and was thus not able to produce in-plane deformation.
Book Synopsis Material Characterization of a Dielectric Elastomer for the Design of a Linear Actuator by : Alexander Tristan Helal
Download or read book Material Characterization of a Dielectric Elastomer for the Design of a Linear Actuator written by Alexander Tristan Helal and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrical motors and/or hydraulics and pneumatics cylinders are commonly used methods of actuation in mechanical systems. Over the last two decades, due to arising market needs, novel self-independent mobile systems such as mobility assistive devices have emerged with the help of new advancements in technology. The actuation criteria for these devices differ greatly from typical mechanical systems, which has made the implementation of classical actuators difficult within modern assistive devices. Among the numerous challenges, limited energy storage capabilities by mobile systems have restricted their achievable operational time. Furthermore, new expectations for device weight and volume, as well as actuator structural compliance, have added to this quandary. Electroactive polymers, a category of smart materials, have emerged as a strong contender for the use in low-cost efficient actuators. They have demonstrated great potential in soft robotic and assistive device/prosthetic applications due to their actuation potential and similar mechanical behaviour to human skeletal muscles. Dielectric Elastomers, in particular, have shown very promising properties for these types of applications. Their structures have shown large achievable deformation, while remaining light-weight, mechanically efficient, and low-cost. This thesis aims to characterize, and model the behaviour of 3MTM VHB polyacrylic dielectric elastomer, in order to establish a foundation for its implementation in a proposed novel linear actuator concept. In this thesis, a comprehensive experimental evaluation is accomplished, which resulted in the better understanding of the elastomer's biaxial mechanical and electro-mechanically coupled behaviours. Subsequently, a constitutive biaxial mechanical model was derived in order to provide a predictive design equation for future actuator development. This model proved effective in providing a predictive tool for the biaxial mechanical tensile response of the material. Finally, a simplified prototype was devised as a proof of concept. This first iteration applied experimental findings to validate the working principles behind the proposed actuator design. The results confirmed the proof of concept, through achieved reciprocal linear motion, and provided insight into the design considerations for prototype optimization and final actuator development.
Book Synopsis Development of Dielectric Elastomer Based Prototype Fiber Actuators by :
Download or read book Development of Dielectric Elastomer Based Prototype Fiber Actuators written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric elastomer based prototype fiber actuators have been developed based on the concept of cylindrical dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). The prototype fiber actuators have been built using commercially available dielectric elastomer tubes, having wall thickness in the range of 100-200 microns, and applying appropriate compliant electrodes to inner and outer wall of these tubes. Actuation behavior of prototype fiber actuators has been studied under different boundary conditions and as a function of applied electric field. Actuation behavior constitutes axial and radial actuation strains as well as blocking forces produced in the prototype upon actuation. Different boundary conditions were achieved by applying different prestrains on the dielectric elastomer tubes. Two types of prestrains, uniaxial and uniform, at different levels were applied. Uniaxially prestrained prototypes were fabricated by prestraining the dielectric elastomer tubes along the axial direction. Two dielectric elastomers, silicone and polyurethane, with compliant polymer based inner and outer electrodes were used for fabrication. Uniformly prestrained prototypes were fabricated by inflating the dielectric elastomer tubes with an inflation medium. To keep the actuator design simple, inner electrode was used as the inflation medium. A strong electrolyte was used as the inner electrode whereas a polymer based electrode was used as the outer electrode. An experimental set-up was designed to conduct the actuation experiments and evaluate the actuation behavior of prototype fiber actuators. Actuation strains were measured using image analysis techniques and actuation blocking forces were measured using a load cell coupled to the prototype fiber actuator. A parabolic relationship was observed between applied electric field and axial actuation strains, radial actuation strains and actuation blocking force for the developed prototypes. Upon actuation of the uniaxially prestrained prototypes it w.
Book Synopsis Modeling, Processing, and Characterization of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators and Sensors by : Kevin Kadooka
Download or read book Modeling, Processing, and Characterization of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators and Sensors written by Kevin Kadooka and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, electroactive polymers (EAP) have been studied as a material for soft actuator and sensor systems. Dielectric elastomers (DE) are an EAP material which relies on the electrostatic force produced on compliant electrodes to produce deformation. In the converse sense, DE sensors can be used by measuring the electrical energy or impedance change produced under deformation. The two key limitations barring DE from commercial use are high driving voltage, and low output force. The scope of this work is as follows: to improve upon these two limitations by processing of actuators by a pneumatic dispenser, by adding tactile sensing and variable stiffness properties to the actuators, and developing a mechanical model to predict the actuator behavior. This work focuses specifically on the unimorph dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA), which consists of a DE laminate which contracts in the thickness direction and expands in-plane under applied voltage, and is constrained on one face by a passive material, resulting in bending of the structure. The first part of the work is devoted to fabrication, modeling, and characterization of multilayer unimorph DEA. Fabrication is done using two schemes – the first is a conventional one, using commercially available DE films, and the second is a novel method using a robotic dispenser system. The latter technique has two objectives. The first is to reduce the thickness of the DE layers to reduce driving voltage, since the DE deformation is proportional to the square of the applied electric field which itself is inversely proportional to electrode separation. The second is to deposit higher-performance DE materials, in this case, PVDF terpolymer, which exhibits large actuation stresses because of its high dielectric constant and relatively high Young’s modulus. Using the dispenser, DE layers with 10 μm thick layers are repeatably produced, requiring actuation voltages one order of magnitude less than conventional thick DE films. Standard deviation of displacement and blocking force do not exceed 10% and 15% of the mean after 2 minutes of deformation, respectively. Elastic and viscoelastic models are developed for multilayer unimorph DEA consisting of flat and curved geometries. Both models were validated in comparison with experimental data with the latter shown to agree with the experimental data to within one standard deviation of the mean for majority of the deformation. The second section demonstrates the novel use of electrolaminates to create variable stiffness DEA (VSDEA). Variable stiffness structures are of particular interest for soft actuators, because they allow switching between a low stiffness, high displacement mode and a high stiffness mode with large holding force. One device is demonstrated by simply utilizing the passive layer of a DEA as part of an electrolaminate, allowing for four-fold increase in bending rigidity. Another device is demonstrated consisting of a bundle of parallel DEA with electrostatic chucking features to modulate shear strength of the interfaces. This device exhibits a 39-fold increase in stiffness, and a claw actuator using these actuators is capable of lifting an object 17 times its own weight. The final part of this work investigates two novel tactile sensors based on dielectric elastomers (DES). The first uses a dome-shaped protrusion to redistribute tactile forces onto an array of four capacitive sensors. The change in capacitance of the four sensors is used to measure and discriminate the force components of the impinging force. An array of these dome DES are fabricated using the dispenser system, and the ability to differentiate between normal and shear forces was demonstrated, as well as its proximity sensing ability. The tactile sensor array is also shown integrated as the passive layer of a DEA, providing tactile and proximity sensing capability to the actuator. The second tactile sensor features high resolution and scalability, and is built in to a medical assistive device coined the “artery mapper” and is used to determine the location of a target artery for arterial line placement. It is demonstrated locating an artery on a test subject, possible due to its force resolution on the order of 2.8 kPa.
Book Synopsis Dielectric Elastomers as Electromechanical Transducers by : Federico Carpi
Download or read book Dielectric Elastomers as Electromechanical Transducers written by Federico Carpi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric Elastomers as Electromechanical Transducers provides a comprehensive and updated insight into dielectric elastomers; one of the most promising classes of polymer-based smart materials and technologies. This technology can be used in a very broad range of applications, from robotics and automation to the biomedical field. The need for improved transducer performance has resulted in considerable efforts towards the development of devices relying on materials with intrinsic transduction properties. These materials, often termed as “smart or “intelligent , include improved piezoelectrics and magnetostrictive or shape-memory materials. Emerging electromechanical transduction technologies, based on so-called ElectroActive Polymers (EAP), have gained considerable attention. EAP offer the potential for performance exceeding other smart materials, while retaining the cost and versatility inherent to polymer materials. Within the EAP family, “dielectric elastomers , are of particular interest as they show good overall performance, simplicity of structure and robustness. Dielectric elastomer transducers are rapidly emerging as high-performance “pseudo-muscular actuators, useful for different kinds of tasks. Further, in addition to actuation, dielectric elastomers have also been shown to offer unique possibilities for improved generator and sensing devices. Dielectric elastomer transduction is enabling an enormous range of new applications that were precluded to any other EAP or smart-material technology until recently. This book provides a comprehensive and updated insight into dielectric elastomer transduction, covering all its fundamental aspects. The book deals with transduction principles, basic materials properties, design of efficient device architectures, material and device modelling, along with applications. Concise and comprehensive treatment for practitioners and academics Guides the reader through the latest developments in electroactive-polymer-based technology Designed for ease of use with sections on fundamentals, materials, devices, models and applications
Book Synopsis Modeling of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with a Conical Shape by : Niloufarsadat Nouhi
Download or read book Modeling of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with a Conical Shape written by Niloufarsadat Nouhi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have received a lot of attention in the last decade due to their outstanding actuation strain, high energy density, high degree of freedom, electromechanical coupling and low price. However, modelling of dielectric elastomer actuators is complicated because of time-dependent viscoelasticity, complex geometry, electromechanical coupling and material nonlinearity. For these reasons, just a few research results focusing on modeling of the DEAs have been published. In this research, taking into account the influence of viscoelasticity, we present a physical and phenomenal based model to characterize the behaviour of a conical DEA made of polydimethylsiloxane. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic framework is used to characterize the mechanical coupling of DEA. Also, free energy and viscoelastic characteristics of DEA are described using the Gent model and the generalized Kelvin model, respectively. The differential evolution approach is used to find the model parameters based on the experimental data. The model's validity and generalization are proved by comparing experimental results with model predictions, for both different driving input frequencies and amplitudes. The experimental results demonstrate a high level of agreement with the developed model.
Book Synopsis Control, Instrumentation and Mechatronics: Theory and Practice by : Norhaliza Abdul Wahab
Download or read book Control, Instrumentation and Mechatronics: Theory and Practice written by Norhaliza Abdul Wahab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from the 3rd International Conference on Control, Instrumentation and Mechatronics Engineering (CIM2022). The conference is a virtual conference held on 2-3 March 2022. The topics covered latest work and finding in the area of Control Engineering, Mechatronics, Robotics and Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Manufacturing, Sensor, Measurement and Instrumentation. Moreover, the latest applications of instrumentations, control and mechatronics are provided. Therefore, this proceeding is a valuable material for researchers, academicians, university students and engineers.
Book Synopsis Fabrication, Modeling, and Control of Dielectric Elastomer Actuator by : Zhihang Ye
Download or read book Fabrication, Modeling, and Control of Dielectric Elastomer Actuator written by Zhihang Ye and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric elastomer (DE) is an important kind of electro active polymer. Its softness and unique movement generating mechanism make people recognize it as artificial muscle. Existing studies focusing on it have revealed many important properties of this soft material. Fundamental researches show the working principle of how DE material can convert electrical energy and mechanical energy bi-directionally. Various actuators, devices, and robots are also developed to show the great potential of DE material in future applications. However, DE material’s nonlinear visco-elasticity and uncommon configuration in applications pose significant challenge in the developing of practical DE applications. Starting from the very basics of DE material, the working principle, modeling work, and famous applications are reviewed. Based on these fundamental knowledge of DE material, fabrications of two types of DE actuators are attempted, which demonstrate and verify the promising usage of DE material in future’s soft actuator and robotic applications. DE material’s movement generating mechanism also gives the capability of self-sensing. Software methods, including polynomial fitting and artificial neural network, are used to realize the self-sensing function in DE actuator. Different applications of DE actuators are attempted. A DE diaphragm actuator for human pulse tracking purpose is designed, fabricated, and tested. Experimental results show it can convert human pulse data into compliant vibration with good accuracy, which shows it has great potential in future’s medical applications. By patterning the diaphragm actuator’s electrode, a new type of 2-DoF maneuverable lase manipulator is created. The manipulator is capable of tracking 2-DoF angular reference with soft and gearless structure. It is expected that this new type laser manipulator can be used in laser servo system under special environment.
Book Synopsis Manufacturing Methods for Medium-volume Production of Planar Dielectric Elastomer Actuators by : Ryan Little
Download or read book Manufacturing Methods for Medium-volume Production of Planar Dielectric Elastomer Actuators written by Ryan Little and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are a class of synthetic muscles which can be used in contexts such as robotics and powered prostheses, with the additional benefits of being lighter, quieter, and requiring fewer components than their mechanical counterparts. Existing research in this field focuses more on actuator design, modeling, and materials development than the method by which they are fabricated. The manufacturing methods used in prior works are inappropriate for a small lab that desires a reasonable degree of uniformity and precision; one-off manufacturing of DEAs does not provide adequate precision, and an automated solution for high-volume manufacturing runs is too expensive and takes up excessive floor space. This thesis presents a manufacturing method which achieves reasonable uniformity at low cost for medium-volume production. We found that by using readily available DEA materials and consumer-grade desktop fabrication tools such as a 3D printer and an automated cutting machine, the issues inherent in existing low and high-volume manufacturing methods are eliminated. Our method produced a medium quantity of actuators at a low cost without the use of dedicated floor space and machinery, and experiments showed that they functioned reliably in isolation and in assembly.
Book Synopsis Slow Fluid Control Using a Dielectric Elastomer Pump (DEP) by : Jared Zane Pickery-Jordan
Download or read book Slow Fluid Control Using a Dielectric Elastomer Pump (DEP) written by Jared Zane Pickery-Jordan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric elastomers actuators (DEA) are commonly known as artificial muscles due to their muscle-like characteristics. With qualities such as high actuation deformation, fast response, low cost, and soft and silent operation, these devices promise an array of advantages for pumping. With a major historical influence of VHB in dielectric elastomer pump (DEP) designs, little focus has been directed at more reliable materials, such as silicone elastomers, and the use of conical DEA driven pumps. A novel silicone elastomer DEP design is therefore proposed with consideration towards integrating a dielectric elastomer oscillator (DEO) to eliminate driver electronics. This design consists of serially connecting three double cone actuators with valves located at the inner disks. Prototypes were formulated from the analytical and numerical modelling approach. ABAQUS was used to describe the results of the numerical modelling. Laser displacement testing followed on single-double cone actuators to quantify the actuation potential of the proposed design. After completion of the displacement testing, the double cone actuators were tested with water to determine the feasibility of the design. With 0.33 Hz 3500V and 0.2 Hz 4000V square wave signals supplied to the actuator, volumetric rates of 21.21 mm3/s and 58 mm3/s were achieved, respectively, confirming the feasibility of this design. Future work involves assembling, modelling and testing three of the double cone units, in order to fulfil the design.
Book Synopsis Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Actuators as Artificial Muscles by : Yoseph Bar-Cohen
Download or read book Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Actuators as Artificial Muscles written by Yoseph Bar-Cohen and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the field of EAP with attention to all aspects and full infrastructure, including the available materials, analytical models, processing techniques, and characterization methods. This second edition covers advances in EAP in electric EAP, electroactive polymer gels, ionomeric polymer-metal composites, and carbon nanotube actuators.
Book Synopsis Soft Robotics in Rehabilitation by : Amir Jafari
Download or read book Soft Robotics in Rehabilitation written by Amir Jafari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-20 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soft Robotics in Rehabilitation explores the specific branch of robotics dealing with developing robots from compliant and flexible materials. Unlike robots built from rigid materials, soft robots behave the way in which living organs move and adapt to their surroundings and allow for increased flexibility and adaptability for the user. This book is a comprehensive reference discussing the application of soft robotics for rehabilitation of upper and lower extremities separated by various limbs. The book examines various techniques applied in soft robotics, including the development of soft actuators, rigid actuators with soft behavior, intrinsically soft actuators, and soft sensors. This book is perfect for graduate students, researchers, and professional engineers in robotics, control, mechanical, and electrical engineering who are interested in soft robotics, artificial intelligence, rehabilitation therapy, and medical and rehabilitation device design and manufacturing. Outlines the application of soft robotic techniques to design platforms that provide rehabilitation therapy for disabled persons to help improve their motor functions Discusses the application of soft robotics for rehabilitation of upper and lower extremities separated by various limbs Offers readers the ability to find soft robotics devices, methods, and results for any limb, and then compare the results with other options provided in the book
Download or read book Soft Actuators written by Kinji Asaka and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second edition of Soft Actuators, originally published in 2014, with 12 chapters added to the first edition. The subject of this new edition is current comprehensive research and development of soft actuators, covering interdisciplinary study of materials science, mechanics, electronics, robotics, and bioscience. The book includes contemporary research of actuators based on biomaterials for their potential in future artificial muscle technology. Readers will find detailed and useful information about materials, methods of synthesis, fabrication, and measurements to study soft actuators. Additionally, the topics of materials, modeling, and applications not only promote the further research and development of soft actuators, but bring benefits for utilization and industrialization. This volume makes generous use of color figures, diagrams, and photographs that provide easy-to-understand descriptions of the mechanisms, apparatus, and motions of soft actuators. Also, in this second edition the chapters on modeling, materials design, and device design have been given a wider scope and made easier to comprehend, which will be helpful in practical applications of soft actuators. Readers of this work can acquire the newest technology and information about basic science and practical applications of flexible, lightweight, and noiseless soft actuators, which differ from conventional mechanical engines and electric motors. This new edition of Soft Actuators will inspire readers with fresh ideas and encourage their research and development, thus opening up a new field of applications for the utilization and industrialization of soft actuators.
Book Synopsis Electroactivity in Polymeric Materials by : Lenore Rasmussen
Download or read book Electroactivity in Polymeric Materials written by Lenore Rasmussen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electroactivity in Polymeric Materials provides an in-depth view of the theory of electroactivity and explores exactly how and why various electroactive phenomena occur. The book explains the theory behind electroactive bending (including ion-polymer-metal-composites –IPMCs), dielectric elastomers, electroactive contraction, and electroactive contraction-expansion cycles. The book also balances theory with applications – how electroactivity can be used – drawing inspiration from the manmade mechanical world and the natural world around us.
Book Synopsis Mems for Biomedical Applications by : Shekhar Bhansali
Download or read book Mems for Biomedical Applications written by Shekhar Bhansali and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) in the biomedical field is leading to a new generation of medical devices. MEMS for biomedical applications reviews the wealth of recent research on fabrication technologies and applications of this exciting technology.The book is divided into four parts: Part one introduces the fundamentals of MEMS for biomedical applications, exploring the microfabrication of polymers and reviewing sensor and actuator mechanisms. Part two describes applications of MEMS for biomedical sensing and diagnostic applications. MEMS for in vivo sensing and electrical impedance spectroscopy are investigated, along with ultrasonic transducers, and lab-on-chip devices. MEMS for tissue engineering and clinical applications are the focus of part three, which considers cell culture and tissue scaffolding devices, BioMEMS for drug delivery and minimally invasive medical procedures. Finally, part four reviews emerging biomedical applications of MEMS, from implantable neuroprobes and ocular implants to cellular microinjection and hybrid MEMS.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, MEMS for biomedical applications provides an authoritative review for scientists and manufacturers involved in the design and development of medical devices as well as clinicians using this important technology. Reviews the wealth of recent research on fabrication technologies and applications of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) in the biomedical field Introduces the fundamentals of MEMS for biomedical applications, exploring the microfabrication of polymers and reviewing sensor and actuator mechanisms Considers MEMS for biomedical sensing and diagnostic applications, along with MEMS for in vivo sensing and electrical impedance spectroscopy
Book Synopsis Advances in Engineering Design by : Preeti Joshi
Download or read book Advances in Engineering Design written by Preeti Joshi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME 2020). The book focuses on latest research in mechanical engineering design and covers topics such as computational mechanics, finite element modeling, computer aided engineering and analysis, fracture mechanics, and vibration. The book brings together different aspects of engineering design and the contents will be useful for researchers and professionals working in this field.
