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Design Of Biomechanical Sensor System For Laboratory And Field Based Measurements Of Hand Arm Vibration Exposures And Palm And Finger Forces
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Book Synopsis Design of Biomechanical Sensor System for Laboratory- and Field-based Measurements of Hand-arm Vibration Exposures and Palm and Finger Forces by : Simon Kudernatsch
Download or read book Design of Biomechanical Sensor System for Laboratory- and Field-based Measurements of Hand-arm Vibration Exposures and Palm and Finger Forces written by Simon Kudernatsch and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Distributed Biodynamic Response Analysis of the Hand-arm System Exposed to Vibration Along the Forearm Direction by : Jianhui Dong
Download or read book Distributed Biodynamic Response Analysis of the Hand-arm System Exposed to Vibration Along the Forearm Direction written by Jianhui Dong and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Robot to Human Grasping Simulation by : Beatriz León
Download or read book From Robot to Human Grasping Simulation written by Beatriz León and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-29 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human hand and its dexterity in grasping and manipulating objects are some of the hallmarks of the human species. For years, anatomic and biomechanical studies have deepened the understanding of the human hand’s functioning and, in parallel, the robotics community has been working on the design of robotic hands capable of manipulating objects with a performance similar to that of the human hand. However, although many researchers have partially studied various aspects, to date there has been no comprehensive characterization of the human hand’s function for grasping and manipulation of everyday life objects. This monograph explores the hypothesis that the confluence of both scientific fields, the biomechanical study of the human hand and the analysis of robotic manipulation of objects, would greatly benefit and advance both disciplines through simulation. Therefore, in this book, the current knowledge of robotics and biomechanics guides the design and implementation of a simulation framework focused on manipulation interactions that allows the study of the grasp through simulation. As a result, a valuable framework for the study of the grasp, with relevant applications in several fields such as robotics, biomechanics, ergonomics, rehabilitation and medicine, has been made available to these communities.
Book Synopsis A Study of Hand-handle Interactions and Hand-arm Biodynamic Response to Vibration by : Yasser Saed Aldien
Download or read book A Study of Hand-handle Interactions and Hand-arm Biodynamic Response to Vibration written by Yasser Saed Aldien and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Sensors for Biomedical Applications by : Olfa Kanoun
Download or read book Advanced Sensors for Biomedical Applications written by Olfa Kanoun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights recent developments in the field of biomedical sensors with a focus on technology and design aspects of novel sensors and sensor systems. Diagnosis plays a central role in healthcare and requires a variety of novel biomedical sensors and sensor systems. This creates an enormous ongoing demand for sensors for both the everyday life as well as for medical care. Technologies concerning the analysis of human activities as well as for the early detection of diseases are moving into the focus of interest and form the basis for supporting human health and quality of life. As such, the book offers a key reference guide about novel medical sensors and systems for students, engineers, sensors designers and technicians.
Book Synopsis Hand-arm Vibration by : P. L. Pelmear
Download or read book Hand-arm Vibration written by P. L. Pelmear and published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. This book was released on 1992 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to estimates, hand-arm vibration jeopardizes the health and future employability of at least two million workers in the USA alone. A broad-based approach to the problem is needed because an accurate evaluation of the health effects of hand-arm vibration involves engineering, medicine, physiology, epidemiology, mathematics and statistics.
Book Synopsis Wearable Sensors in Sport by : James Lee
Download or read book Wearable Sensors in Sport written by James Lee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on 15 years of experience in the development and use of wearable sensors in sports science, this book bridges the gap between technical research and the widespread adoption of inertial sensors in biomechanical assessment and ambulatory studies of locomotion. It offers a 'no-nonsense' guide to using inertial sensors for readers from the sports science disciplines who may be unfamiliar with the terms, concepts and approaches that lead to these sensors’ successful use. At the same time, the book introduces readers with a technical background, e.g. in engineering, to sport science methodologies that can provide valuable insights into the use of sensors in a practical environment that extends well beyond bench testing.
Book Synopsis Biomedical Sensors and Measurement by : Ping Wang
Download or read book Biomedical Sensors and Measurement written by Ping Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-13 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biomedical Sensors and Measurement" is an interdisciplinary book combining electronics with biology and medicine. It gives an overview of the concept and principle of biomedical sensors and measurement. First, the basic theory and technology are explained, followed by details of the physical sensors, chemical sensors, biosensors and their typical applications in biomedicine. Furthermore, the interface technology of the sensors and the typical measurement systems is presented. The large amount of vivid and specific figures and formulas will help to deepen the understanding of the fundamental and new applications involving biomedical sensors and measurement technology. The book is intended for biomedical engineers, medical physicists and other researchers and professionals in biomedicine-related specialties, especially interdisciplinary studies. Prof. Ping Wang and Dr. Qingjun Liu both work at the Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, China.
Book Synopsis Biomechanical Analysis of Hand Grip Motion for Optimal Handle Design Using a Cadaver Model by : Shihyun Park
Download or read book Biomechanical Analysis of Hand Grip Motion for Optimal Handle Design Using a Cadaver Model written by Shihyun Park and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forceful exertion of tendons while gripping hand tools may be one of the factors that lead to the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). Also, the ratio between internal tendon force and externally applied grip force is necessary to design an optimal handle size to maximize efficiency of the force and reduce an excessive tendon force. Previous research has indicated that Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) forces can be up to 3.7 times the external forces predicted by a biomechanical model. However, these values were indirect estimates derived from the biomechanical model to predict internal tendon forces. Although anatomically precise, the model was challenging to implement in practice, since they require input parameters that are often difficult or impossible to measure. Therefore, it is imperative that the model is validated with direct measurement of tendon forces using human cadaver forearms. The cadaver model with hand motion simulator allowed the application of controlled forces to the flexor tendons by the force delivery unit while the resulting grip forces are measured with force sensitive resistors. Consequently, the actual tendon forces generated by the actuators ware compared with externally applied force (grip force and finger force distribution) in power grip motion with various diameter handles. Moreover, the effect of different tendon force ratios of FDP to FDS was investigated to explore kinematic role of the ratio in power grip motion. Also, the resulting data were compared to similar measures reported in the literature and input to mathematical model to validate. Despite some differences, in general the hand motion simulator with a cadaver model produced finger kinematics closely resembling those that occur in normal human grasping and showed similar hand biomechanics result with previous studies that investigated grip force and finger force distribution with handles.
Book Synopsis Portable Data Logging System for Long-duration Field Measurement of Biomechanical Waveforms by : Eric Raczka Bernstein
Download or read book Portable Data Logging System for Long-duration Field Measurement of Biomechanical Waveforms written by Eric Raczka Bernstein and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biomechanical Analysis of the Index Finger Motion for Optimal Trigger Design Using Cadaver Experiments by : Joonho Chang
Download or read book Biomechanical Analysis of the Index Finger Motion for Optimal Trigger Design Using Cadaver Experiments written by Joonho Chang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A trigger grip has been usually used to operate powered hand tools and helps operators to control powered hand tools quickly and simply by reducing manual force requirements. However, operating the trigger excessively and repeatedly may let workers be exposed to work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) such as trigger finger or carpal tunnel syndrome. Thus, the proper design of a trigger to reduce excessive and repetitive finger motions is required to prevent these WRMSDs. Although there have been a variety of related biomechanical analyses on the index finger or a trigger design, little research focusing on biomechanical interaction between index finger motions and trigger mechanism exists. However, they even have limits to show detailed biomechanical interaction between the index finger and triggers. Therefore, more specific and detailed biomechanical analyses focusing on the index finger mechanism during triggering are required.The present study aims to conduct a biomechanical analysis on the index finger mechanism during triggering action using cadaver experiments. The specific objectives of the study include 1) developing a two-dimensional biomechanical static model for the index finger which accounts for index finger force mechanism while operating a trigger, 2) building an index finger motion simulator to support and control a cadaver hand, 3) conducting cadaver experiments to observe the relationship of external trigger forces to the internal tendon forces depending on different external force contact locations, trigger grip spans, FDP to FDS tendon force ratios, and handle grip spans, 4) validating the proposed biomechanical model, and 5) recommending optimal trigger grip span, optimal contact location for finger triggering, and optimal handle grip span for trigger and pistol designs in terms of force efficiency between externally generated trigger forces and internal tendon forces.The index finger motion simulator was developed for cadaver experiments. The primary purpose of this simulator was to support and control a cadaver hand for observing relationship between internal tendon forces and external trigger forces, during triggering. The simulator was comprised of five essential parts: 1) the support frame to secure the specimens, 2) the motion delivery unit to control FDP and FDS tendons in the specimens 3) the data acquisition system to measure internal tendon forces and external triggering forces, 4) the vision system to obtain joint flexion angles on the index finger, and 5) the operation program to control the simulator and save the results of the experiments. The cadaver experiments for index finger's triggering motion was conducted with the index finger motion simulator. Five fresh-frozen right human cadaveric hand specimens (average age = 46; SD = 5.7) without apparent musculoskeletal disorders and anatomical abnormalities were employed in the study. And the experiments consisting of two phases investigated triggering forces by the index finger as function of 1) total internal tendon forces (FDP + FDS; 40, 70, and 100 N), 2) FDP to FDS tendon force ratios (1 to 1, 1.5 to 1, 2 to 1, and 3 to 1), 3) trigger grip spans (40, 50, and 60 mm), 4) three different contact locations (F1 = the middle of the distal phalange; F2 = the distal edge of the medial phalange; F3 = the middle of the medial phalange) between a trigger and the index finger, and 5) handle grip spans (40, 50, and 60 mm) for the middle, ring, and little fingers; Phase I observed effects of 1), 2), 3), and 4), while Phase II investigated effect of 5). Also, force efficiencies were computed based on their internal tendon force to external triggering force ratios. As a result, the following key findings were found from the experiments: 1) FDP to FDS tendon force ratios didn't affect triggering forces by the index finger, 2) triggering forces increased significantly while total internal tendon force increased from 40 to 100 N, 3) The maximum triggering forces were found at 50 mm trigger grip span and the triggering forces at 60 and 40 mm trigger grip spans followed it in turn, 4) triggering forces increased significantly while external force contact location moved proximally from F1 to F3, and 5) 50 mm handle grip span showed the maximum triggering forces and 40 and 60 mm handle grip spans followed it in turn. Also, force efficiencies found the following important features: 1) approximately 10 to 30% of internal tendon forces could be converted into external triggering forces while triggering and 2) force efficiencies declined gradually while total internal tendon force increased from 40 to 100 N. A biomechanical index finger model for triggering was developed to observe relationships between internal tendon forces and externally generated triggering forces, based upon the index finger anatomy; three mathematical models on the three external force contact locations, F1, F2, and F3, were developed based on biomechanical assumptions and conditions of static equilibrium. Also, the models were simulated mathematically based on the unknown variables determined by the experimental conditions, in order to evaluate the validity of the models. Consequently, the simulation results showed high similarities to the results of the experiments: 1) the estimated triggering forces increased significantly while total internal tendon force increased from 40 to 100 N, 2) The maximum estimated triggering forces were found at 50 mm trigger grip span and the triggering forces at 60 and 40 mm trigger grip spans followed it in turn, and 3) the estimated triggering forces increased gradually while external force contact location moved proximally from F1 to F3. In sum, the models predicted similar triggering force patterns to the triggering forces measured in the experiments. However, overall, triggering forces were over-estimated by the models, except for at F1 contact location; relatively accurate triggering forces were estimated at F1 contact location, but the models predicted triggering forces two and three times higher than the measured triggering forces at F2 and F3 contact locations, respectively.Finally, the present study provided design recommendations for an optimal one-finger trigger design. The following four design guidelines were defined based on the results of the cadaver experiments: 1) a force requirement to activate a trigger should be set as low as possible, 2) a trigger grip may afford users to use the medial phalange, 3) 50 mm trigger grip span is generally recommended as the optimal trigger grip span to accommodate most people, and 4) 50 mm is recommended as the trigger handle grip span.
Book Synopsis Anthropometry and Biomechanics by : Ronald Easterby
Download or read book Anthropometry and Biomechanics written by Ronald Easterby and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessment of the physical dimensions of the human body and application of this knowledge to the design of tools, equip ment, and work are certainly among the oldest arts and sciences. It would be an easy task if all anthropometric dimensions, of all people, would follow a general rule. Thus, philosophers and artists embedded their ideas about the most aesthetic proportions into ideal schemes of perfect proportions. "Golden sections" were developed in ancient India, China, Egypt, and Greece, and more recently by Leonardo DaVinci, or Albrecht Durer. However, such canons are fictive since actual human dimensions and proportions vary greatly among individuals. The different physical appearances often have been associated with mental, physiological and behavioral characteristics of the individuals. Hypocrates (about 460-377 BC) taught that there are four temperaments (actually, body fluids) represented by four body types. The psychiatrist Ernst Kretchmer (1888-1964) proposed that three typical somatotypes (pyknic, athletic, aesthenic) could reflect human character traits. Since the 1940's, W. H. Sheldon and his coworkers devised a system of three body physiques (endo-, meso-, ectomorphic). The classification was originally qualitative, and only recently has been developed to include actual measurements.
Book Synopsis 14th International Conference on Hand-Arm Vibration by : Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV)
Download or read book 14th International Conference on Hand-Arm Vibration written by Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV) and published by DGUV/IFA. This book was released on 2019-05-30 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In May 2019, the Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA) was hosting the 14th International Conference on Hand-Arm-Vibration. The event is organised every four years under the auspices of international expert bodies at changing places. It is aimed at all stakeholders in the subject, whether experts from the occupational safety and health and research communities or management personnel in the areas of manufacture and design. Mechanized manual work is often associated with exposure to vibration that may impact adversely upon the health and well-being of the affected individuals. Besides impairments to comfort and performance, harm to the hand-arm system, possibly permanent, must be prevented as a matter of priority. In a world of work that is becoming more and more complex, combined exposures are also becoming increasingly relevant. What influence does hand-arm vibration have in conjunction with noise or whole-body vibration? What contribution can be made by medicine, diagnostics, epidemiology, measurement technology and prevention to the identification and containment of risks, and better still, to their elimination? What is the role of international regulatory activity in this context? The 14th International Conference on Hand-Arm Vibration aimed to address these and many other questions concerning hand-arm vibration, and to find answers relevant to the field.
Book Synopsis Wearable Sensors by : Edward Sazonov
Download or read book Wearable Sensors written by Edward Sazonov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-29 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Written by industry experts, 'Wearable Sensors' covers a wide variety of topics associated with the development and application of various wearable sensors. It also provides an overview and coherent summary of many aspects of current wearable sensor technology.
Book Synopsis Onset of Numbness in Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome by : Tianxiang Zhang
Download or read book Onset of Numbness in Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome written by Tianxiang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis studied hand exposure to vibration from a power hand tool for an understanding of the time to onset of numbness in the fingers. The goal was to use the study to develop predictive algorithms for time to onset of numbness in different individuals. A commercial orbital sander supported on a custom wood box was used as the vibration source. The sander was instrumented with a wireless 3-axis acceleration microsystem to measure vibration acceleration exposure during the experiments. The acceleration data and time to onset of numbness were used to calculate the 8-h energy equivalent frequency-weighted vibration, A(8). The experimental environment was at normal room temperature; the temperature was monitored to verify that it was essentially constant during all of the experiments. Nine subjects were recruited for this study—all healthy mails 23 to 33 years old; this study is referred to hear as “inter-subject”. Each subject completed a prescribed procedure for each experiment based on an approved university Internal Review Board application. The experiments instructed the subjects to grasp the handle of the sander, after which the sander was turned on for a specific duration. The onset of numbness times were determined by the binary search method and 2-point test. However, the onset times and the A(8) values varied significantly among the inter-study subjects. The average and standard deviation for the onset of numbness time were 7.97 and 7.90 minutes, respectively. The average and standard deviation for A(8) were 2.34 and 1.09 m/s2, respectively. A new study was designed and approved to assess the utility of A(8) as a determinant of vibration exposure. This study—referred to here as “intra-subject”—used one of the subjects of the inter-subject study. In preparation, the experimenter underwent a session of expert training for the 2-point test. A force sensor was also added to the instrumentation to help the subject maintain a constant grip force of about 1N on the sander’s handle during the experiments. The intra-subject experiments compared the effect on one participant under three vibration intensities—a feature available on the sander. Repeated binary searches were also used to increase the quality of the statistical analysis. The results showed A(8) to be a valid determinant of vibration exposure. The improvements in instrumentation and experimental procedure of the intra-subject experiment are expected to facilitate a better future inter-subject study.
Book Synopsis Bi-modal Hemispherical Sensors for Three Axis Force and Contact Angle Measurement by : Lindsay M. Epstein
Download or read book Bi-modal Hemispherical Sensors for Three Axis Force and Contact Angle Measurement written by Lindsay M. Epstein and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans and animals demonstrate a unique ability to interact with the physical environment around them with coordination and control, including moving quickly across rugged terrain or deftly handling small objects. Much of this success is related to our ability to accurately perceive the world around us through a sense of touch. In order to better perform dynamic, physical interactions, such as locomotion or manipulation, robots need to be able to accurately measure contact locations and forces. However, many existing sensors do not satisfy the stringent requirements or do not supply sufficient information for robotic locomotion and manipulation. This thesis builds on work by a previous PhD student, Meng Yee (Michael) Chuah, of the MIT Biomimetic Robotics Laboratory to develop stress field based force sensors for use in robotic applications. The concept of stress field based force sensing consists of pressure sensors embedded within a rubber hemisphere. The pressure sensors sample the stress distribution within the rubber, and use these signals to reconstruct the applied force. This type of sensor is inherently robust, low cost, and insensitive to inertial noise. This work focuses on the development of bi-modal hemishperical sensing technology for two novel sensor designs -- one footpad sensor intended for use in a high force range corresponding to legged locomotion, and one fingertip sensor intended for use in a lower force, higher sensitivity range, corresponding to robotic manipulation applications. Both sensors have the ability to simultaneously measure applied force in three axes (Fx, Fy, Fz) and the contact location of quasi-point contact, as described by two angles ([theta], [phi]) in real time (1kHz and 200Hz, respectively). The sensors each contain eight embedded pressure sensors, and can accurately reconstruct the five desired outputs from the eight input signals using either a Gaussian process regression (GPR) estimator, or an artificial neural net (ANN). The performance of both sensors using each estimator is quantified through testing on multiple data types. The properties of the sensor, including sensitivity, repeatability, and drift over time are also characterized. The performance of the footpad sensor is further validated through two applications on a robotic arm. In the first, normal force and contact angle information from the footpad sensor is used to accurately sense and track a moving surface. In the second, normal and shear force information from the sensor is used to detect and prevent slip. Overall, these sensors demonstrate the ability to quickly and accurately measure forces in three axes and contact surface normal, while being robust and low cost. These sensors have the potential to greatly improve the capability of robots to perform dynamic, physical interactions with the world around them.
Book Synopsis A Platform for High-speed Biomechanical Analysis Using Wearable Wireless Sensors by : Michael Tomasz Lapinski
Download or read book A Platform for High-speed Biomechanical Analysis Using Wearable Wireless Sensors written by Michael Tomasz Lapinski and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity's desire to capture and understand motion started in 1878 and has continually evolved. Today, the best-of- breed technology for capturing motion are marker based optical systems that leverage high speed cameras. While these systems are excellent at providing positional information, they suffer from an innate inability to accurately provide fundamental parameters such as velocity and acceleration. The problem is further compounded when the target of capture is high-speed human motion. When applied to biomechanical study, this inaccuracy is magnified when higher order parameters, such as torque and force, are calculated using optical information. This dissertation presents a a first-of-its-kind wearable dual-range inertial sensor platform that allows end-to-end investigation of high level biomechanical parameters. The platform takes a novel approach by providing these parameters more accurately and at a higher fidelity than the current state of the art.The dual-range sensing approach allows accurate capture of both slow-moving motion and rapid movement which pushes the limits of human ability. The platform addresses inherent problems with scaling clinical biomechanical analysis to tens-of-thousands of trials using the sensor platform's data. This end-to-end approach provides mechanisms for rapid player instrumentation, en masse data translation and calculation of clinically relevant joint forces and torques. I present design details for this platform along with kinematic testing and some early biomechanical insight gleamed from system measurements.
