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Design Of A Sorption System For The Measurement Of Solubility And Diffusivity Of Water In Polymers
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Book Synopsis Design of a Sorption System for the Measurement of Solubility and Diffusivity of Water in Polymers by : Davood Paidar
Download or read book Design of a Sorption System for the Measurement of Solubility and Diffusivity of Water in Polymers written by Davood Paidar and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing by : Horst Czichos
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing written by Horst Czichos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-22 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing presents the principles of Metrology – the science of measurement – and the methods and techniques of Testing – determining the characteristics of a given product – as they apply to chemical and microstructural analysis, and to the measurement and testing of materials properties and performance, including modelling and simulation. The principal motivation for this Handbook stems from the increasing demands of technology for measurement results that can be used globally. Measurements within a local laboratory or manufacturing facility must be able to be reproduced accurately anywhere in the world. The book integrates knowledge from basic sciences and engineering disciplines, compiled by experts from internationally known metrology and testing institutions, and academe, as well as from industry, and conformity-assessment and accreditation bodies. The Commission of the European Union has expressed this as there is no science without measurements, no quality without testing, and no global markets without standards.
Download or read book Wenduine - Harendijke written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling the Sorption of Water, and the Effect of Sorbed Water on the Solubility and Diffusivity of Oxygen in an Amorphous Polyamide by : Ruben J. Hernandez
Download or read book Modeling the Sorption of Water, and the Effect of Sorbed Water on the Solubility and Diffusivity of Oxygen in an Amorphous Polyamide written by Ruben J. Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water Sorption and Diffusion in Glassy Polymers by : Eric Mikel Davis
Download or read book Water Sorption and Diffusion in Glassy Polymers written by Eric Mikel Davis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water sorption and diffusion in glassy polymers is important in many fields, including drug delivery, desalination, energy storage and delivery, and packaging. Accurately measuring and understanding the underlying transport mechanisms of water in these glassy polymers is often complex due to both the nonequilibrium state of the polymer and the self-associating nature of water (e.g., hydrogen bonding). In this work, water sorption and diffusion in a number of glassy polymers were measured using gravimetric and spectroscopic techniques, including quartz spring microbalance, quartz crystal microbalance, and in situ time-resolved Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. Non-Fickian diffusion was observed in all polymers studied, indicated by an initial stage of water uptake, followed by a second stage of continuous, gradual uptake of water at later experimental times. These phenomena were attributed to diffusion driven by a concentration gradient, as well as diffusion driven by slow polymer relaxation resulting in additional water ingress over time. In order to gain additional insight into these phenomena, which are a product of nonequilibrium state of the polymers, diffusion-relaxation models were developed and employed to determine the time scales for both diffusion and polymer relaxation, where the ratio of these values (Deborah number) confirmed the observed non-Fickian water diffusion. In addition, the solubility of water in these polymers was predicted using two nonequilibrium thermodynamic models: the nonequilibrium lattice fluid (NELF) model and the nonequilibrium statistical associating fluid theory (NE-SAFT), where excellent agreement between the NE-SAFT predictions and experimental data was obtained over the entire water vapor activity range explored. Furthermore, the states of water were analyzed using the Zimm-Lundberg clustering theory, as well as in situ FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, where the latter technique provides a direct, molecular-level measurement of the states of water in the polymer through distinct infrared bands. Surprisingly, contrasting physical pictures of the states of water were observed between mathematical analysis and direct molecular measurements. The results of this work provide unique insights into the fundamental transport mechanisms of water in glassy polymers.
Book Synopsis Water Management in the Design and Distribution Quality of Foods by : Yrjo Henr Roos
Download or read book Water Management in the Design and Distribution Quality of Foods written by Yrjo Henr Roos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-06-15 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design of Sorption Experiments for Concentrated Polymer Solutions Above Tg by : Linda Sue Mossner
Download or read book Design of Sorption Experiments for Concentrated Polymer Solutions Above Tg written by Linda Sue Mossner and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Product, Process and Plant Design Using Subcritical and Supercritical Fluids for Industrial Application by : Željko Knez
Download or read book Product, Process and Plant Design Using Subcritical and Supercritical Fluids for Industrial Application written by Željko Knez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes cutting edge technology using supercritical fluids for the production of foodstuffs, medicals, and polymers. It illustrates the importance and use of basic data for design and operation at industrial scale units. The book's authors have several decades of experience of applied research on how to develop large scale industrial units. It provides readers complete insight in design and operation of industrial high pressure process plants. The book is written so it may be understood for people (with?) little or no background on high pressure process technology. It will provide information on how some foodstuffs, medicals, polymers are produced using high pressure technologies. The book demonstrates the importance of fundamental data, how to measure them and how to apply them to design industrial plants. At the same time, it also serves as a textbook for students.
Book Synopsis Foaming with Supercritical Fluids by : Ernesto Di Maio
Download or read book Foaming with Supercritical Fluids written by Ernesto Di Maio and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-06 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foaming with Supercritical Fluids, Volume Nine provides a comprehensive description of the use of supercritical fluids as blowing agents in polymer foaming. To this aim, the fundamental issues on which the proper design and control of this process are rooted are discussed in detail, with specific attention devoted to the theoretical and experimental aspects of sorption thermodynamics of a blowing agent within a polymer, the effect of the absorbed blowing agent on the thermal, interfacial and rheological properties of the expanding matter, and the phase separation of the gaseous phase, and of the related bubble nucleation and growth phenomena. Several foaming technologies based on the use of supercritical blowing agents are then described, addressing the main issues in the light of the underlying chemical-physical phenomena. - Offers strong fundamentals on polymer properties important on foaming - Outlines the use of supercritical fluids for foaming - Covers theoretical points-of-view, including foam formation of the polymer/gas solution to the setting of the final foam - Discusses the several processing technologies and applications
Book Synopsis Influence of Water Content on Ion Sorption and Transport in Cross-linked Polymer Membranes by : Eui Soung Jang
Download or read book Influence of Water Content on Ion Sorption and Transport in Cross-linked Polymer Membranes written by Eui Soung Jang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer membrane-based technologies have been successfully utilized for a variety of desalination applications, including reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO), electrodialysis (ED), and others. In these applications, separation of water and ions is possible because of differences in their transport rates through the membrane. Generally, high water permeability through a membrane can be achieved by using more hydrophilic (i.e., highly water swollen) polymers. However, increasing water permeability often leads to a decrease in water/ion selectivity in hydrophilic polymers, rendering controlling water content of a polymer a key factor to achieve desirable ion separation properties. Thus, a fundamental understanding of ion transport in polymers with various water contents is essential for designing and optimizing polymer membranes. The relationship between ion size and sorption/diffusion properties in water swollen uncharged polymers was investigated as a model system for understanding ion sorption and transport in more complex systems (i.e., charged polymer networks). Alkali metal chloride (e.g., LiCl, NaCl, and KCl) sorption and diffusion coefficients in a series of cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (XLPEGDA) polymer membranes were measured as a function of external salt concentrations ranging from 0.01-1.0 M. Generally, ion sorption and diffusion coefficients increase as polymer water content increases. Salt activity coefficients in the polymers were quantified to better understand the thermodynamic non-ideality of ions in polymer networks. The Flory-Rehner theory was used to predict water volume fraction in the polymers equilibrated with salt solution, based on salt sorption measurements. A series of cross-linked cation exchange membranes (CEMs) were synthesized with different water uptake values and similar fixed charge group concentrations to study the effect of water content on ion sorption. Equilibrium co-ion sorption data were interpreted using a thermodynamic model based on Donnan's theory and Manning's counter-ion condensation theory. The inhomogeneous morphology of the membranes was characterized by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The Manning parameter was used as an adjustable constant to account for morphological heterogeneity. Finally, the classic Merten and Lonsdale transport model for reverse osmosis membranes was reformulated to explicitly demonstrate the effects of concentration polarization and solution phase thermodynamic non-idealities on salt transport. A framework presented here accounts for the concentration dependence of ion activity coefficients in salt solutions, which was not explicitly included in the classic model
Book Synopsis Adsorption Design for Wastewater Treatment by : David O. Cooney
Download or read book Adsorption Design for Wastewater Treatment written by David O. Cooney and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-06-12 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption: it's the most important method for removing organic contaminants from wastewater streams. Students and professionals alike in the fields of water/wastewater treatment and environmental engineering have expressed tremendous interest in learning and understanding adsorption processes. Adsorption Design for Wastewater Treatment fulfills the need for a true textbook on this increasingly important subject . From the basics of the adsorption process to specifics on system design, this overview serves a dual purpose: study manual and design guide. Straightforward explanations and illustrations make Adsorption Design for Wastewater Treatment ideal for junior, senior and graduate-level university courses. Practicing engineers will find the book especially useful for accurate, direct advice on designing batch and fixed-bed adsorption systems. Contaminant removal will be an ever-present challenge to environmental engineers. Gain a clear understanding of one of the most important cleanup methods with Adsorption Design for Wastewater Treatment.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Robust Design of Microelectronics Assemblies Against Mechanical Shock, Temperature and Moisture by : E-H Wong
Download or read book Robust Design of Microelectronics Assemblies Against Mechanical Shock, Temperature and Moisture written by E-H Wong and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-23 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robust Design of Microelectronics Assemblies Against Mechanical Shock, Temperature and Moisture discusses how the reliability of packaging components is a prime concern to electronics manufacturers. The text presents a thorough review of this important field of research, providing users with a practical guide that discusses theoretical aspects, experimental results, and modeling techniques. The authors use their extensive experience to produce detailed chapters covering temperature, moisture, and mechanical shock induced failure, adhesive interconnects, and viscoelasticity. Useful program files and macros are also included. - Discusses how the reliability of packaging components is a prime concern to electronics manufacturers - Presents a thorough review of this important field of research, providing users with a practical guide that discusses theoretical aspects, experimental results, and modeling techniques - Includes program files and macros for additional study
Download or read book Polymer Permeability written by J. Comyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are permeable, whilst ceramics, glasses and metals are gener ally impermeable. This may seem a disadvantage in that polymeric containers may allow loss or contamination of their contents and aggressive substances such as water will diffuse into polymeric struc tures such as adhesive joints or fibre-reinforced composites and cause weakening. However, in some cases permeability is an advantage, and one particular area where this is so is in the use of polymers in drug delivery systems. Also, without permeable polymers, we would not enjoy the wide range of dyed fabrics used in clothing and furnishing. The fundamental reason for the permeability of polymers is their relatively high level of molecular motion, a factor which also leads to their high levels of creep in comparison with ceramics, glasses and metals. The aim of this volume is to examine some timely applied aspects of polymer permeability. In the first chapter basic issues in the mathema tics of diffusion are introduced, and this is followed by two chapters where the fundamental aspects of diffusion in polymers are presented. The following chapters, then, each examine some area of applied science where permeability is a key issue. Each chapter is reasonably self-contained and intended to be informative without frequent outside reference. This inevitably leads to some repetition, but it is hoped that this is not excessive.
Book Synopsis Product and Process Design Principles by : Warren D. Seider
Download or read book Product and Process Design Principles written by Warren D. Seider and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The new 4th edition of Seider’s 'Product and Process Design Principles : Synthesis, Analysis and Design' covers content for process design courses in the chemical engineering curriculum, showing how process design and product design are inter-linked and why studying the two is important for modern applications. A principal objective of this new edition is to describe modern strategies for the design of chemical products and processes, with an emphasis on a systematic approach. This fourth edition presents two parallel tracks : (1) product design ("what to make"), and (2) process design ("how to make"), with an emphasis on process design. Process design instructors can show easily how product designs lead to new chemical processes. Alternatively, product design can be taught in a separate course subsequent to the process design course."--adapted from description on publisher web site.
Book Synopsis Masters Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Masters Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polymer Process Engineering by : R. Griskey
Download or read book Polymer Process Engineering written by R. Griskey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are ubiquitous and pervasive in industry, science, and technology. These giant molecules have great significance not only in terms of products such as plastics, films, elastomers, fibers, adhesives, and coatings but also less ob viously though none the less importantly in many leading industries (aerospace, electronics, automotive, biomedical, etc.). Well over half the chemists and chem ical engineers who graduate in the United States will at some time work in the polymer industries. If the professionals working with polymers in the other in dustries are taken into account, the overall number swells to a much greater total. It is obvious that knowledge and understanding of polymers is essential for any engineer or scientist whose professional activities involve them with these macromolecules. Not too long ago, formal education relating to polymers was very limited, indeed, almost nonexistent. Speaking from a personal viewpoint, I can recall my first job after completing my Ph.D. The job with E.I. Du Pont de Nemours dealt with polymers, an area in which I had no university training. There were no courses in polymers offered at my alma mater. My experience, incidentally, was the rule and not the exception.
