Describing Science

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The Science of Describing

Author : Brian W. Ogilvie
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226620867
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Describing by : Brian W. Ogilvie

Download or read book The Science of Describing written by Brian W. Ogilvie and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Out of the diverse traditions of medical humanism, classical philology, and natural philosophy, Renaissance naturalists created a new science devoted to discovering and describing plants and animals. Drawing on published natural histories, manuscript correspondence, garden plans, travelogues, watercolors, and drawings, The Science of Describing reconstructs the evolution of this discipline of description through four generations of naturalists. In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, naturalists focused on understanding ancient and medieval descriptions of the natural world, but by the mid-sixteenth century naturalists turned toward distinguishing and cataloguing new plant and animal species. To do so, they developed new techniques of observing and recording, created botanical gardens and herbaria, and exchanged correspondence and specimens within an international community. By the early seventeenth century, naturalists began the daunting task of sorting through the wealth of information they had accumulated, putting a new emphasis on taxonomy and classification. Illustrated with woodcuts, engravings, and photographs, The Science of Describing is the first broad interpretation of Renaissance natural history in more than a generation and will appeal widely to an interdisciplinary audience.

Science Literacy

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309447569
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Science Literacy by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Science Literacy written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science is a way of knowing about the world. At once a process, a product, and an institution, science enables people to both engage in the construction of new knowledge as well as use information to achieve desired ends. Access to scienceâ€"whether using knowledge or creating itâ€"necessitates some level of familiarity with the enterprise and practice of science: we refer to this as science literacy. Science literacy is desirable not only for individuals, but also for the health and well- being of communities and society. More than just basic knowledge of science facts, contemporary definitions of science literacy have expanded to include understandings of scientific processes and practices, familiarity with how science and scientists work, a capacity to weigh and evaluate the products of science, and an ability to engage in civic decisions about the value of science. Although science literacy has traditionally been seen as the responsibility of individuals, individuals are nested within communities that are nested within societiesâ€"and, as a result, individual science literacy is limited or enhanced by the circumstances of that nesting. Science Literacy studies the role of science literacy in public support of science. This report synthesizes the available research literature on science literacy, makes recommendations on the need to improve the understanding of science and scientific research in the United States, and considers the relationship between scientific literacy and support for and use of science and research.

Science of Science

Author : Alexander Krauss
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198937385
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (989 download)

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Book Synopsis Science of Science by : Alexander Krauss

Download or read book Science of Science written by Alexander Krauss and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-11-05 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. How do we drive new knowledge and science? What are their present boundaries? And how can we improve science? We still do not understand these essential questions about science well, even though science is at the foundation of modern society. The emerging field of the science of science can provide answers. The central challenge of the field is accounting for and integrating the different empirical and theoretical knowledge across disciplines into a holistic field and uncovering the general mechanism driving science. Science of Science is the first book to provide an integrated framework for the field and thus aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the foundations and limits of science. The book integrates 14 scientific fields and illustrates how our evolved mind (that enables us to observe, experiment and solve problems) makes doing science possible but also shapes what and how we observe. Our scientific methods and instruments (such as statistics and electron microscopes) enable us to study a much larger range of phenomena but also puts constraints on how we measure them. Institutions and funding shape what knowledge we produce and how we evaluate our evidence, among other influences. Here, taking an interdisciplinary approach, Krauss explains how the sophisticated scientific tools we develop are the main driving force of creating new knowledge and advancing science. This methodological toolbox sets the scope and limits of what we can know and what is possible in science - while economic, social, and historical influences help shape what we study within that scope and those limits. The book provides a unifying theory for the field of science of science - the new-methods-drive-science theory. By better understanding the foundations of science we will also show how we can reduce the constraints and biases that we and our scientific methods and instruments face to advance science and push its present boundaries.

Science and Creationism

Author : National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309064064
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Creationism by : National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

Download or read book Science and Creationism written by National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of Science and Creationism summarizes key aspects of several of the most important lines of evidence supporting evolution. It describes some of the positions taken by advocates of creation science and presents an analysis of these claims. This document lays out for a broader audience the case against presenting religious concepts in science classes. The document covers the origin of the universe, Earth, and life; evidence supporting biological evolution; and human evolution. (Contains 31 references.) (CCM)

Communicating Science Effectively

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309451051
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communicating Science Effectively by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communicating Science Effectively written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and technology are embedded in virtually every aspect of modern life. As a result, people face an increasing need to integrate information from science with their personal values and other considerations as they make important life decisions about medical care, the safety of foods, what to do about climate change, and many other issues. Communicating science effectively, however, is a complex task and an acquired skill. Moreover, the approaches to communicating science that will be most effective for specific audiences and circumstances are not obvious. Fortunately, there is an expanding science base from diverse disciplines that can support science communicators in making these determinations. Communicating Science Effectively offers a research agenda for science communicators and researchers seeking to apply this research and fill gaps in knowledge about how to communicate effectively about science, focusing in particular on issues that are contentious in the public sphere. To inform this research agenda, this publication identifies important influences â€" psychological, economic, political, social, cultural, and media-related â€" on how science related to such issues is understood, perceived, and used.

Science for Primary and Early Years

Author : Jane Devereux
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1446265625
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis Science for Primary and Early Years by : Jane Devereux

Download or read book Science for Primary and Early Years written by Jane Devereux and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2007-06-14 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science for Primary and Early Years is a comprehensive guide to the subject knowledge requirements for the teaching of science in early years settings and primary schools. This second edition consists of activities to help the reader extend their own understanding of science. Part One explores understanding the nature of science, processes of planning, carrying out and evaluating scientific investigations, collecting and using data, hypothesizing, predicting, fair testing, use of correct terminology and understanding health and safety as well as key ideas in science that underpin subject knowledge. Part Two builds on these ideas as it explores in more detail life and living processes, the environment, electricity and magnetism, light, sound and the earth in space. This text is part of the series Developing Subject Knowledge which covers English, Mathematics and Science and provides authoritative distance learning materials on the national requirements for teaching the primary core curriculum, working with the early years and achieving qualified teacher status. It is designed for initial teacher training, experienced practitioner self-study, and will help towards GCSE revision. This is a set book for the Open University Course, 'Ways of Knowing: language, mathematics and science in the early years'.

Reproducibility and Replicability in Science

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309486165
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

A Framework for K-12 Science Education

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309214459
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis A Framework for K-12 Science Education by : National Research Council

Download or read book A Framework for K-12 Science Education written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-02-28 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments.

What Science Is and How It Really Works

Author : James C. Zimring
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108476856
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis What Science Is and How It Really Works by : James C. Zimring

Download or read book What Science Is and How It Really Works written by James C. Zimring and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely and accessible synthesis of the strengths, weaknesses and reality of science through the eyes of a practicing scientist.

Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309064767
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards by : National Research Council

Download or read book Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-03 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans, especially children, are naturally curious. Yet, people often balk at the thought of learning scienceâ€"the "eyes glazed over" syndrome. Teachers may find teaching science a major challenge in an era when science ranges from the hardly imaginable quark to the distant, blazing quasar. Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards is the book that educators have been waiting forâ€"a practical guide to teaching inquiry and teaching through inquiry, as recommended by the National Science Education Standards. This will be an important resource for educators who must help school boards, parents, and teachers understand "why we can't teach the way we used to." "Inquiry" refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and in which students grasp science knowledge and the methods by which that knowledge is produced. This book explains and illustrates how inquiry helps students learn science content, master how to do science, and understand the nature of science. This book explores the dimensions of teaching and learning science as inquiry for K-12 students across a range of science topics. Detailed examples help clarify when teachers should use the inquiry-based approach and how much structure, guidance, and coaching they should provide. The book dispels myths that may have discouraged educators from the inquiry-based approach and illuminates the subtle interplay between concepts, processes, and science as it is experienced in the classroom. Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards shows how to bring the standards to life, with features such as classroom vignettes exploring different kinds of inquiries for elementary, middle, and high school and Frequently Asked Questions for teachers, responding to common concerns such as obtaining teaching supplies. Turning to assessment, the committee discusses why assessment is important, looks at existing schemes and formats, and addresses how to involve students in assessing their own learning achievements. In addition, this book discusses administrative assistance, communication with parents, appropriate teacher evaluation, and other avenues to promoting and supporting this new teaching paradigm.

Science Communication

Author : Sarah R. Davies
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137503661
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Science Communication by : Sarah R. Davies

Download or read book Science Communication written by Sarah R. Davies and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes current practices in science communication, from citizen science to Twitter storms, and celebrates this diversity through case studies and examples. However, the authors also reflect on how scholars and practitioners can gain better insight into science communication through new analytical methods and perspectives. From science PR to the role of embodiment and materiality, some aspects of science communication have been under-studied. How can we better notice these? Science Communication provides a new synthesis for Science Communication Studies. It uses the historical literature of the field, new empirical data, and interdisciplinary thought to argue that the frames which are typically used to think about science communication often omit important features of how it is imagined and practised. It is essential reading for students, scholars, and practitioners of science education, science and technology studies, museum studies, and media and communication studies.

Determinants and Controls of Scientific Development

Author : K.D. Knorr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401018316
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Determinants and Controls of Scientific Development by : K.D. Knorr

Download or read book Determinants and Controls of Scientific Development written by K.D. Knorr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the outcome of an international conference held at the Otto-Mobes-Volkswirtschaftsschule, Graz-Stifting( Austria), from June 16 to 22, 1974. The conference was initiated by a project group working on determinants and controls of social science development at the In stitute for Advanced Studies and Scientific Research in Vienna and or ganized by the editors of this volume. It was held under the auspices of the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research. The main topics of the conference were those at the forefront of the 'state of argumentation' (to borrow from one of our contributors) in philosophy and sociology of science ever since the controversy between Thomas S. Kuhn and Sir Karl R. Popper has sharpened our awareness for the methodological and substantial presuppositions involved with questions of growth and development in science. Let us give two examples of those topics. The borderline between sociology of science and philo sophy of science has become more and more unclear; while the work of at least some philosophers of science comes to have an empirical flavour, sociologists of science are increasingly apt to include logical and methodo logical components of the research process as their objects of examina tion. Papers included in this volume testify to both tendencies.

Is American Science in Decline?

Author : Yu Xie
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674065042
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Is American Science in Decline? by : Yu Xie

Download or read book Is American Science in Decline? written by Yu Xie and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alarmists argue that the United States urgently needs more and better trained scientists to compete with the rest of the world. Their critics counter that, far from facing a shortage, we are producing a glut of young scientists with poor employment prospects. Both camps have issued reports in recent years that predict the looming decline of American science. Drawing on their extensive analysis of national datasets, Yu Xie and Alexandra Killewald have welcome news to share: American science is in good health. Is American Science in Decline? does reveal areas of concern, namely scientists' low earnings, the increasing competition they face from Asia, and the declining number of doctorates who secure academic positions. But the authors argue that the values inherent in American culture make the country highly conducive to science for the foreseeable future. They do not see globalization as a threat but rather a potential benefit, since it promotes efficiency in science through knowledge-sharing. In an age when other countries are catching up, American science will inevitably become less dominant, even though it is not in decline relative to its own past. As technology continues to change the American economy, better-educated workers with a range of skills will be in demand. So as a matter of policy, the authors urge that science education not be detached from general education.

Communicating Science in Social Contexts

Author : Donghong Cheng
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402085982
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Communicating Science in Social Contexts by : Donghong Cheng

Download or read book Communicating Science in Social Contexts written by Donghong Cheng and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-15 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science communication, as a multidisciplinary field, has developed remarkably in recent years. It is now a distinct and exceedingly dynamic science that melds theoretical approaches with practical experience. Formerly well-established theoretical models now seem out of step with the social reality of the sciences, and the previously clear-cut delineations and interacting domains between cultural fields have blurred. Communicating Science in Social Contexts examines that shift, which itself depicts a profound recomposition of knowledge fields, activities and dissemination practices, and the value accorded to science and technology. Communicating Science in Social Contexts is the product of long-term effort that would not have been possible without the research and expertise of the Public Communication of Science and Technology (PCST) Network and the editors. For nearly 20 years, this informal, international network has been organizing events and forums for discussion of the public communication of science.

Science and Religion

Author : Gary B. Ferngren
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421421720
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Religion by : Gary B. Ferngren

Download or read book Science and Religion written by Gary B. Ferngren and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2017-03 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weissenbacher, Stephen P. Weldon, and Tomoko Yoshida

Nano Meets Macro

Author : Kamilla Kjolberg
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429533756
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Nano Meets Macro by : Kamilla Kjolberg

Download or read book Nano Meets Macro written by Kamilla Kjolberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the enormous diversity in social perspectives on the emergence of nanoscale sciences and technologies. It points to four nodes of interest where nano meets macro: in the making, in the public eye, in the big questions, and in the tough decisions. Each node draws attention to important lines of research and pertinent issues. The book is designed for interdisciplinary teaching, but the richness of issues and perspectives makes it of interest to all researchers, practitioners, and non-academics wanting an introduction to social perspectives on nanoscale sciences and technologies.

Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Communication

Author : Susanna Hornig Priest
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412959209
Total Pages : 1145 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Communication by : Susanna Hornig Priest

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Communication written by Susanna Hornig Priest and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-07-14 with total page 1145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The explosion of scientific information is exacerbating the information gap between richer/poorer, educated/less-educated publics. The proliferation of media technology and the popularity of the Internet help some keep up with these developments but also make it more likely others fall further behind. This is taking place in a globalizing economy and society that further complicates the division between information haves and have-nots and compounds the challenge of communicating about emerging science and technology to increasingly diverse audiences. Journalism about science and technology must fill this gap, yet journalists and journalism students themselves struggle to keep abreast of contemporary scientific developments. Scientist - aided by public relations and public information professionals - must get their stories out, not only to other scientists but also to broader public audiences. Funding agencies increasingly expect their grantees to engage in outreach and education, and such activity can be seen as both a survival strategy and an ethical imperative for taxpayer-supported, university-based research. Science communication, often in new forms, must expand to meet all these needs. Providing a comprehensive introduction to students, professionals and scholars in this area is a unique challenge because practitioners in these fields must grasp both the principles of science and the principles of science communication while understanding the social contexts of each. For this reason, science journalism and science communication are often addressed only in advanced undergraduate or graduate specialty courses rather than covered exhaustively in lower-division courses. Even so, those entering the field rarely will have a comprehensive background in both science and communication studies. This circumstance underscores the importance of compiling useful reference materials. The Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Communication presents resources and strategies for science communicators, including theoretical material and background on recent controversies and key institutional actors and sources. Science communicators need to understand more than how to interpret scientific facts and conclusions; they need to understand basic elements of the politics, sociology, and philosophy of science, as well as relevant media and communication theory, principles of risk communication, new trends, and how to evaluate the effectiveness of science communication programmes, to mention just a few of the major challenges. This work will help to develop and enhance such understanding as it addresses these challenges and more. Topics covered include: advocacy, policy, and research organizations environmental and health communication philosophy of science media theory and science communication informal science education science journalism as a profession risk communication theory public understanding of science pseudo-science in the news special problems in reporting science and technology science communication ethics.