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Density Dependent Not Independent Factors Influence Roosevelt Elk Recruitment In The Bald Hills Of Redwood National Park
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Book Synopsis Density-dependent Not -independent Factors Influence Roosevelt Elk Recruitment in the Bald HIlls of Redwood National Park by : Nicholas Ryan Kolbe
Download or read book Density-dependent Not -independent Factors Influence Roosevelt Elk Recruitment in the Bald HIlls of Redwood National Park written by Nicholas Ryan Kolbe and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Density-independent and -dependent factors are known to influence population dynamics of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti). The strength of influence of both kinds of factors depends on abundance relative to K carrying capacity. I examined the influence of density, climatic variables, and prescribed fire on juvenile recruitment in an elk population in Redwood National Park, California, USA, from 2002 to 2015. In the Park, prescribed fire is used to reduce conifer and redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) encroachment into meadows and is not used to manage elk habitat. Consequently, prescribed fire might have a density-independent influence on juvenile recruitment and population dynamics because it is implemented without regard to elk population dynamics. Fire is also known to increase elk food supplies, but whether fire might have a positive influence on recruitment depends on the population size relative to K. Using a time series of elk counts conducted during winter from 2002 to 2015, abundance of elk varied from 190 to 279. Output from a Gompertz state-space model and expectation from the standard logistic model estimated K to be between 275 and 340 over the course of the study period. An Akaike Information Criterion model selection analysis of 36 linear regressions estimating juvenile recruitment considered abundance, prescribed fire, and climatic influences. Population abundance alone had the strongest influence on juvenile recruitment. My findings may be affected by the population being below K carrying capacity during most of the time series analyzed. Furthermore, prescribed fire might not have influenced recruitment because of inconsistent burning.
Book Synopsis Population Ecology of Roosevelt Elk by : Butch Weckerly
Download or read book Population Ecology of Roosevelt Elk written by Butch Weckerly and published by University of Nevada Press. This book was released on 2017-09-27 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roosevelt elk populate the parks along California’s north coast and comprise the largest land mammals in the parks, some weighing up to 1,200 pounds. They are a stable terrestrial land mammal population, a fixture in the parks, but still require ongoing stewardship and management. In a study spanning more than twenty years, Weckerly made key observations and conducted various investigations under a multitude of ecological conditions. Few authors have dedicated this much time and effort into a single research area. It is a testament to perseverance that his groundbreaking study of the Roosevelt elk was so successful. He was able to document the independent dynamics of several herds of female elk, experience the extinction of one of their subpopulations, and record scientific conclusions in the context of resiliency and redundancy of the elk population. This book will be of considerable interest to those who investigate the ecology of big game animals, including naturalists, hunters, and individuals with particular interest in Redwood State and National Parks. It is an important book that contributes substantially to the persistence and viability of Roosevelt elk in the parks and the surrounding area.
Book Synopsis Habitat Use by Roosevelt Elk in the Bald Hills of Redwood National Park by : Jeffrey J. Grenier
Download or read book Habitat Use by Roosevelt Elk in the Bald Hills of Redwood National Park written by Jeffrey J. Grenier and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of a Population Irruption by Roosevelt Elk on a Vegetation Index by : Heath D. Starns
Download or read book Influence of a Population Irruption by Roosevelt Elk on a Vegetation Index written by Heath D. Starns and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the factors that influence population growth is central to the study of any species. Large herbivores can influence their food supplies through herbivory. Over 23 years just before and throughout an irruption by a Roosevelt elk population I assessed temporal and spatial patterns of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). My objectives were to determine if elk herbivory was associated with NDVI and whether the plant community foraged by the irruptive population was tolerant or resistant to elk grazing. Using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery, I obtained estimates of NDVI for three areas of Redwood National and State Parks, each inhabited by distinct populations of Roosevelt elk. Each population exhibited a different pattern of growth through the time series of the study. One population underwent the irruptive growth pattern while the other two populations did not . Using piece wise regression, I detected temporal changes in NDVI for the area used by the irruptive population that suggested a decline in forage biomass during the end of the dry season but I detected no decline in NDVI at the peak of the growing season. My findings suggest that the area used by the irruptive elk population may have undergone changes in plant community composition favoring plants that were resistant to elk grazing.
Book Synopsis Factors Influencing Elk Recruitment Across Ecotypes in the Western United States by : Paul M. Lukacs
Download or read book Factors Influencing Elk Recruitment Across Ecotypes in the Western United States written by Paul M. Lukacs and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ungulates are key components in ecosystems and economically important for sport and subsistence harvest. Yet the relative importance of the effects of weather conditions, forage productivity, and carnivores on ungulates are not well understood. We examined changes in elk (Cervus canadensis) recruitment (indexed as age ratios) across 7 states and 3 ecotypes in the northwestern United States during 1989-2010, while considering the effects of predator richness, forage productivity, and precipitation.Wefound a broad-scale, long-termdecrease in elk recruitment of 0.48 juveniles/100 adult females/year. Weather conditions (indexed as summer and winter precipitation) showed small, but measurable, influences on recruitment. Forage productivity on summer and winter ranges (indexed by normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] metrics) had the strongest effect on elk recruitment relative to other factors. Relationships between forage productivity and recruitment varied seasonally and regionally. The productivity of winter habitat was more important in southern parts of the study area, whereas annual variation in productivity of summer habitat had more influence on recruitment in northern areas. Elk recruitment varied by up to 15 juveniles/100 adult females across the range of variation in forage productivity. Areas with more species of large carnivores had relatively low elk recruitment, presumably because of increased predation. Wolves (Canis lupus) were associated with a decrease of 5 juveniles/100 adult females, whereas grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) were associated with an additional decrease of 7 juveniles/100 adult females. Carnivore species can have a critical influence on ungulate recruitment because their influence rivals large ranges of variation in environmental conditions. A more pressing concern, however, stems from persistent broad-scale decreases in recruitment across the distribution of elk in the northwestern United States, irrespective of carnivore richness. Our results suggest that wildlife managers interested in improving recruitment of elk consider the combined effects of habitat and predators. Efforts to manage summer and winter ranges to increase forage productivity may have a positive effect on recruitment.
Book Synopsis Social Factors During Foraging Bouts Influence Sexual Segregation in Roosevelt Elk by : Leah Marie Peterson
Download or read book Social Factors During Foraging Bouts Influence Sexual Segregation in Roosevelt Elk written by Leah Marie Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial patterns of large ungulates occurring at broad scales can often be explained by fine-scale processes that function at the level of an individual animal. To better understand broad-scale sexual segregation, we examined fine-scale processes in a non-migratory population of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) in the Redwood National and State Parks, California, USA that exhibited a change in sexual segregation over time. We assessed the potential influence of two fine-scale mechanisms: the availability of forage abundance and social factors during the forage bout. Per capita forage availability was estimated for comparison between two meadow complexes (2005-2016) to determine if selectivity for one meadow complex by males (and thus sexual segregation) could be explained by the constraints of their greater absolute metabolic requirements. To assess the influence of social factors (such as group size, group type, or proximity of conspecifics) during the foraging bouts, focal observations were collected from adult male and female elk from 2009 to model selection analyses to determine the best fit, mixed-effect models for predicting the distance traveled, the variance in turning angles, and the proportion of time the animal spends with its head out of the feeding position during a foraging bout.
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) Encounter Rate with Elk (Cervus Elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park by : Hans W. Martin
Download or read book Factors Affecting Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) Encounter Rate with Elk (Cervus Elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park written by Hans W. Martin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite encounter rates being a key component of kill rate, few studies of large carnivore predation have quantified encounter rates with prey, the factors that influence them, and the relationship between encounter rate and kill rate. The study's primary motivation was to determine the relationship between prey density and encounter rate in understanding the mechanism behind the functional response. Elk (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) population decline and variable weather in northern Yellowstone National Park (YNP) provided an opportunity to examine how these factors influenced wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) encounter rates with elk. We explored how factors associated with wolfkill rate and encounter rate in other systems (season, elk density, elk-group density, average elk-group size, snow depth, wolf-pack size and territory size) influenced wolf-elk encounter rate in YNP. Elk density was the only factor significantly correlated with wolfelk encounter rate, and we found a non-linear density-dependent relationship which may be a mechanism for a functional response in this system. Encounter rate was correlated with number of elk killed during early winter, but not late winter. Weak effects of snow depth and elk group size on encounter rate suggest that these factors influence kill rate via hunting success because kill rate is the product of hunting success and encounter rate.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Roosevelt Elk in and Around Redwood National Park by : Richard D. Mandel
Download or read book The Ecology of Roosevelt Elk in and Around Redwood National Park written by Richard D. Mandel and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Framework for Long-term Ecological Monitoring in Olympic National Park by : Kurt Jeffrey Jenkins
Download or read book A Framework for Long-term Ecological Monitoring in Olympic National Park written by Kurt Jeffrey Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stream Corridor Restoration written by and published by National Technical Info Svc. This book was released on 1998 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a cooperative effort among fifteen Federal agencies and partners to produce a common reference on stream corridor restoration. It responds to a growing national and international interest in restoring stream corridors.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Population Dynamics in Ecology and Conservation by : Russell Lande
Download or read book Stochastic Population Dynamics in Ecology and Conservation written by Russell Lande and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Demographic and environmental stochasticity -- 2. Extinction dynamics -- 3. Age structure -- 4. Spatial structure -- 5. Population viability analysis -- 6. Sustainable harvesting -- 7. Species diversity -- 8. Community dynamics.
Book Synopsis Managing a Land in Motion by : Paul Sadin
Download or read book Managing a Land in Motion written by Paul Sadin and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Ever-changing View by : Anthony Godfrey
Download or read book The Ever-changing View written by Anthony Godfrey and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2005 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region"
Download or read book Our National Parks written by John Muir and published by Read Books Ltd. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1901, “Our National Parks” is a fantastic guide to the wild mountain forest reservations and national parks of the United States, exploring their beauty and usefulness in an attempt to encourage contemporary readers to go out and enjoy the natural wonders of North America. John Muir (1838–1914) was an influential Scottish-American naturalist, environmental philosopher, botanist, zoologist, author, and glaciologist who famously fought to preserve wilderness in the United States of America. Muir's work describing his adventures in nature have been read by millions the world over and his activism has helped to conserve such important places of natural beauty as the Yosemite Valley and Sequoia National Park in America. Contents include: “The Wild Parks and Forest Reservations of the West”, “The Yellowstone National Park”, “The Yosemite National Park”, “The Forests of the Yosemite Park”, “The Wild Gardens of the Yosemite Park”, “Among the Animals of the Yosemite”, “Among the Birds of the Yosemite”, “The Fountains and Streams of the Yosemite National Park”, etc. Other notable works by this author include: “My First Summer in the Sierra” (1911), “Steep Trails” (1918), and “The Story of My Boyhood and Youth” (1913). A Thousand Fields is republishing this classic book now complete with a biographical sketch of the author.
Book Synopsis California by : California. State Board of Forestry
Download or read book California written by California. State Board of Forestry and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cultural Landscape Report for John Muir National Historic Site by : Jeffrey Killion
Download or read book Cultural Landscape Report for John Muir National Historic Site written by Jeffrey Killion and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Defending the Master Race by : Jonathan Spiro
Download or read book Defending the Master Race written by Jonathan Spiro and published by UPNE. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historical rediscovery of one of the heroic founders of the conservation movement who was also one of the most infamous racists in American history
